英語(yǔ)數(shù)學(xué)名詞大全

1、英語(yǔ)數(shù)學(xué)名詞大全代數(shù)部分1 .有關(guān)基本運(yùn)算：add,plus力口subtract減difference差multiply,times乘product積divide除divisible可被整除的dividedevenly被整除dividend被除數(shù)divisor因子，除數(shù)quotient商remainder余數(shù)factorial階乘power乘方radicalsign,rootsign根號(hào)roundto四舍五入tothenearest四舍五入2 .有關(guān)集合union并集propersubset真子集solution set 解集3 .有關(guān)代數(shù)式、方程和不等式algebraicterm代數(shù)項(xiàng)lik

2、eterms,similarterms同類項(xiàng)numericalcoefficient數(shù)字系數(shù)literalcoefficient字母系數(shù)inequality不等式triangleinequality三角不等式range值域originalequation原方程equivalentequation同解方程等價(jià)方程linearequation線性方程(e.g.5x+6=22)4 .有關(guān)分?jǐn)?shù)和小數(shù)properfraction真分?jǐn)?shù)improperfraction假分?jǐn)?shù)mixednumber帶分?jǐn)?shù)vulgarfraction,commonfraction普通分?jǐn)?shù)simplefraction簡(jiǎn)分?jǐn)?shù)com

3、plexfraction繁分?jǐn)?shù)numerator分子denominator分母(least)commondenominator最小)公分母quarter四分之一decimalfraction純小數(shù)infinitedecimal無(wú)窮小數(shù)recurringdecimal循環(huán)小數(shù)tenthsunit十分位5 .基本數(shù)學(xué)概念arithmeticmean算術(shù)平均值weightedaverage力口權(quán)平均值geometricmean幾何平均數(shù)exponent指數(shù)，哥base乘哥的底數(shù)，底邊cube立方數(shù)，立方體squareroot平方根cuberoot立方根commonlogarithm常用對(duì)數(shù)digit

4、數(shù)字constant常數(shù)variable變量inversefunction反函數(shù)complementaryfunction余函數(shù)linear一次的，線性的factorization因式分解absolutevalue絕對(duì)值，e.g.|-32|=32roundoff四舍五入6 .有關(guān)數(shù)論naturalnumber自然數(shù)positivenumber正數(shù)negativenumber負(fù)數(shù)oddinteger,oddnumber奇數(shù)eveninteger,evennumber偶數(shù)integer,wholenumber整數(shù)positivewholenumber正整數(shù)negativewholenumber負(fù)整

5、數(shù)consecutivenumber連續(xù)整數(shù)realnumber,rationalnumber實(shí)數(shù),有理數(shù)irrational(number)無(wú)理數(shù)compositenumber合數(shù)e.g.4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15primenumber質(zhì)數(shù)e.g.2,3,5,7,11,13,15reciprocal倒數(shù)commondivisor公約數(shù)multiple倍數(shù)(least)commonmultiple(最小)公倍數(shù)(prime)factor(質(zhì))因子commonfactor公因子ordinaryscale,decimalscale十進(jìn)制nonnegative非負(fù)的tens十位units

6、個(gè)位mode眾數(shù)median中數(shù)commonratio公比7 .數(shù)列arithmeticprogression(sequence)等差數(shù)列g(shù)eometricprogression(sequence)等比數(shù)歹!J8 .其它approximate近似(anti)clockwise(逆)順時(shí)針?lè)较騝ardinal基數(shù)ordinal序數(shù)directproportion正比distinct不同的estimation估計(jì)，近彳以parentheses括號(hào)proportion 比例permutation排列combination組合table表格trigonometricfunction三角函數(shù)unit單位

7、，位幾何部分1 .所有的角alternateangle內(nèi)錯(cuò)角correspondingangle同位角verticalangle對(duì)頂角centralangle圓心角interiorangle內(nèi)角exteriorangle外角supplementaryangles補(bǔ)角complementaryangle余角adjacentangle鄰角acuteangle銳角obtuseangle鈍角rightangle直角roundangle周角straightangle平角includedangle夾角2 .所有的三角形equilateraltriangle等邊三角形scalenetriangle不等邊三角

8、形isoscelestriangle等腰三角形righttriangle直角三角形oblique斜三角形inscribedtriangle內(nèi)接三角形3 .有關(guān)收斂的平面圖形，除三角形外semicircle半圓concentriccircles同心圓quadrilateral四邊形pentagon五邊形hexagon六邊形heptagon七邊形octagon八邊形nonagon九邊形decagon十邊形polygon多邊形parallelogram平行四邊形equilateral等邊形plane平面square正方形，平方rectangle長(zhǎng)方形regularpolygon正多邊形rhombus

9、菱形trapezoid梯形4 .其它平面圖形arc弧line,straightline直線linesegment線段parallellines平行線segmentofacircle弧形5 .有關(guān)立體圖形cube立方體，立方數(shù)rectangularsolid長(zhǎng)方體regularsolid/regularpolyhedron正多面體circularcylinder圓柱體cone圓錐sphere球體solid立體的6 .有關(guān)圖形上的附屬物altitude局depth深度side邊長(zhǎng)circumference,perimeter周長(zhǎng)radian弧度surfacearea表面積volume體積arm直角

10、三角形的股crosssection橫截面centerofacircle圓心chord弦radius半徑anglebisector角平分線diagonal對(duì)角線diameter直徑edge棱faceofasolid立體的面hypotenuse斜邊includedside夾邊leg三角形的直角邊medianofatriangle三角形的中線base底邊，底數(shù)（e.g.2的5次方，2就是底數(shù)）opposite直角三角形中的對(duì)邊midpoint中點(diǎn)endpoint端點(diǎn)vertex（復(fù)數(shù)形式vertices）頂,電tangent切線的transversal截線intercept截品巨7 .有關(guān)坐標(biāo)coo

11、rdinatesystem坐標(biāo)系rectangularcoordinate直角坐標(biāo)系origin原點(diǎn)abscissa橫坐標(biāo)ordinate縱坐標(biāo)numberline數(shù)軸quadrant象限slope斜率complexplane復(fù)平面8 .其它planegeometry平面幾何trigonometry三角學(xué)bisect平分circumscribe夕卜切inscribe內(nèi)切intersect相交perpendicular垂直Pythagoreantheorem勾股定理congruent全等的multilateral多邊的一般詞匯數(shù)學(xué)mathematics,maths(BrE),math(AmE)公

12、理axiom定理theorem計(jì)算calculation運(yùn)算operation證明prove假設(shè)hypothesis,hypotheses(pl.)命題proposition算術(shù)arithmetic力口plus(prep.),add(v.),addition(n.)被力口數(shù)augend,summand加數(shù)addend和sum減minus(prep.),subtract(v.),subtraction(n.)被減數(shù)minuend減數(shù)subtrahend差remainder乘times(prep.),multiply(v.),multiplication(n.)被乘數(shù)multiplicand,fa

13、ciend乘數(shù)multiplicator積product除dividedby(prep.),divide(v.),division(n.)被除數(shù)dividend除數(shù)divisor商quotient等于equals,isequalto,isequivalentto大于isgreaterthan小于islesserthan大于等于isequalorgreaterthan小于等于isequalorlesserthan運(yùn)算符operator數(shù)字digit數(shù)number自然數(shù)naturalnumber整數(shù)integer小數(shù)decimal小數(shù)點(diǎn)decimalpoint分?jǐn)?shù)fraction分子numerat

14、or分母denominator比ratio正positive負(fù)negative零null,zero,nought,nil十進(jìn)制decimalsystem二進(jìn)制binarysystem十六進(jìn)制hexadecimalsystem權(quán)weight,significance進(jìn)位carry截尾truncation四舍五入round下舍入rounddown上舍入roundup有效數(shù)字significantdigit無(wú)效數(shù)字insignificantdigit代數(shù)algebra公式formula,formulae(pl.)單項(xiàng)式monomial多項(xiàng)式polynomial,multinomial系數(shù)coeffi

15、cient未知數(shù)unknown,x-factor,y-factor,z-factor等式，方程式equation一次方程simpleequation二次方程quadraticequation三次方程cubicequation四次方程quarticequation不等式inequation階乘factorial對(duì)數(shù)logarithm指數(shù)，哥exponent乘方power二次方，平方square三次方，立方cube四次方thepoweroffour,thefourthpowern次方thepowerofn,thenthpower開方evolution,extraction二次方根，平方根squar

16、eroot三次方根，立方根cuberoot四次方根therootoffour,thefourthrootn次方根therootofn,thenthroot集合aggregate兀素element空集void子集subset交集intersection并集union補(bǔ)集complement映射mapping函數(shù)function定義域domain,fieldofdefinition值域range常量constant變量variable單調(diào)性monotonicity奇偶性parity周期性periodicity圖象image數(shù)列，級(jí)數(shù)series微積分calculus微分differential導(dǎo)數(shù)

17、derivative極FMlimit無(wú)窮大infinite(a.)infinity(n.)無(wú)窮小infinitesimal積分integral定積分definiteintegral不定積分indefiniteintegral有理數(shù)rationalnumber無(wú)理數(shù)irrationalnumber實(shí)數(shù)realnumber虛數(shù)imaginarynumber復(fù)數(shù)complexnumber矩P$matrix行列式determinant幾何geometry點(diǎn)point線line面plane體solid線段segment射線radial平彳pparallel相交intersect角angle角度degre

18、e弧度radian銳角acuteangle直角rightangle專屯角obtuseangle平角straightangle周角perigon底 base邊side高h(yuǎn)eight三角形triangle銳角三角形acutetriangle直角三角形righttriangle直角邊leg斜邊hypotenuse勾股定理Pythagoreantheorem專屯角三角形obtusetriangle不等邊三角形scalenetriangle等腰三角形isoscelestriangle等邊三角形equilateraltriangle四邊形quadrilateral平行四邊形parallelogram矩形r

19、ectangle長(zhǎng)length寬width菱形rhomb,rhombus,rhombi(pl.),diamond正方形square梯形trapezoid直角梯形righttrapezoid等腰梯形isoscelestrapezoid五邊形pentagon六邊形hexagon全等 congruent七邊形heptagon八邊形octagon九邊形enneagon十邊形decagon十一邊形hendecagon十二邊形dodecagon多邊形polygon正多邊形equilateralpolygon圓circle圓心centre(BrE),center(AmE)半徑radius直徑diameter

20、圓周率pi弧arc半圓semicircle扇形sector環(huán)ring橢圓ellipse圓周circumference周長(zhǎng)perimeter面積area軌跡locus,loca(pl.)相似similar四面體tetrahedron五面體pentahedron六面體hexahedron平行六面體parallelepiped立方體cube七面體heptahedron八面體octahedron九面體enneahedron十面體decahedron十一面體hendecahedron十二面體dodecahedron二十面體icosahedron多面體polyhedron棱錐pyramid棱柱prism棱

21、臺(tái)frustumofaprism旋轉(zhuǎn)rotation軸axis圓錐cone圓柱cylinder圓臺(tái)frustumofacone球sphere半球hemisphere底面undersurface表面積surfacearea體積volume空間space坐標(biāo)系coordinates坐標(biāo)軸x-axis,y-axis,z-axis橫坐標(biāo)x-coordinate縱坐標(biāo)y-coordinate原點(diǎn)origin雙曲線hyperbola拋物線parabola三角trigonometry正弦sine余弦cosine正切tangent余切cotangent正secant余cosecant反正弦arcsine反余弦

22、arccosine反正切arctangent反余切arccotangent反正arcsecant反余arccosecant相位phase周期period振幅amplitude內(nèi)心incentre(BrE),incenter(AmE)夕卜心excentre(BrE),excenter(AmE)旁心escentre(BrE),escenter(AmE)垂心、orthocentre(BrE),orthocenter(AmE)重心barycentre(BrE),barycenter(AmE)內(nèi)切圓inscribedcircle夕卜切圓circumcircle統(tǒng)計(jì)statistics平均數(shù)average

23、力口權(quán)平均數(shù)weightedaverage方差variance標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差root-mean-squaredeviation,standarddeviation比例propotion百分比percent百分點(diǎn)percentage百分位數(shù)percentile排歹！Jpermutation組合combination概率，或然率probability分布distribution正態(tài)分布normaldistribution非正態(tài)分布abnormaldistribution圖表graph條形統(tǒng)計(jì)圖bargraph柱形統(tǒng)計(jì)圖histogram折線統(tǒng)計(jì)圖brokenlinegraph曲線統(tǒng)計(jì)圖curvediagr

24、am扇形統(tǒng)計(jì)圖piediagram其他數(shù)學(xué)詞匯：mathematics數(shù)學(xué)theorem定理calculation計(jì)算operation運(yùn)算arithmetic算術(shù)，四則運(yùn)算addition加法subtraction減法multiplication乘法division除法sumremainderproductquotient2plus1equals3二加一等于三4minus2equals2四減二等于二4multipliedby5,4times5四乘以五addend加數(shù)plussign加號(hào)minussig減號(hào)multiplicand被乘數(shù)multiplier乘數(shù)divisor除數(shù)dividend

25、被除數(shù)decimal小數(shù)點(diǎn)intfour零點(diǎn)四fraction分?jǐn)?shù)ratioproportio比例分子common公分母denominator指數(shù)differentialcalculus微分學(xué)integralcalculus積分sliderule計(jì)算尺function函數(shù)derivative導(dǎo)數(shù)power哥，乘方toraisetothepoweroffive使乘五次方xsquared某數(shù)的平方cube三次方threecubed三次方的tothefourthpower,tothepoweroffour乘四次方squareroot平方根cuberoot立方根ruleofthree比例法logari

26、thm對(duì)數(shù)logarithmtable對(duì)數(shù)表algebra代數(shù)equation等式，方程式unknown未知數(shù)simpleequation次方程quadraticequation二次方程cubicequation三次方程微積分反函數(shù):inversefunction.哥函數(shù):powerfunction.指數(shù)函數(shù):exponentialfunction.對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù):logarithmicfunction.三角函數(shù):trigonometricfunction.反三角函數(shù)：anti-trigonometricfunction.復(fù)合函數(shù):compoundfunction.初等函數(shù):elementaryfu

27、nction.雙曲函數(shù):hyperbolicfunction.反雙曲函數(shù):anti-hyperbolicfunction.無(wú)窮/J、：infinitesimal.無(wú)窮大:infinity.連續(xù)性:continuity.間斷點(diǎn)：discontinuouspoint.介值定理：intermediatevaluetheorem.導(dǎo)數(shù):derivative.微分:differential.函數(shù)的單調(diào)性:monotonicityoffunction.曲線:curve.曲線的凹凸性:concavityofcurve.曲線的拐點(diǎn):keenpointofcurve.曲率:curvature.不定積分:inde

28、finiteintegral(indeterminateintegral).定積分:definiteintegral.廣義積分:improperintegral.空間解析幾何:spaceanalyticgeometry.向量代數(shù):vectoralgebra.空間直角坐標(biāo)系:spacerectangularcoordinatesystem.數(shù)量積:scalarproduct.向量積:vectorproduct.曲面:surface.二次曲面：second-degreesurface.線性代數(shù)Aadjont(adjugate)ofmatrixAA的伴隨矩陣HaugmentedmatrixA的增廣矩

29、陣工Bblockdiagonalmatrix塊對(duì)角矩陣blockmatrix塊矩陣basicsolutionset基礎(chǔ)解系CCauchy-Schwarzinequality柯西-許瓦茲不等式characteristicequation特征方程characteristicpolynomial特征多項(xiàng)式coffcientmatrix系數(shù)矩陣cofactor代數(shù)余子式cofactorexpansion代數(shù)余子式展開columnvector歹!J向量commutingmatrices交換矩陣consistentlinearsystem相容線性方程組Cramer'srule克萊姆法則Cross-

30、productterm交叉項(xiàng)Determinant行列式Diagonalentries對(duì)角元素Diagonalmatrix對(duì)角矩陣DimensionofavectorspaceV向量空間V的維數(shù)Eechelonmatrix梯形矩陣eigenspace特征空間eigenvalue特征值eigenvector特征向量eigenvectorbasis特征向量的基elementarymatrix初等矩陣elementaryrowoperations行初等變換Ffullrank滿秩f(wàn)undermentalsetofsolution基礎(chǔ)解系Ggrneralsolution通解Gram-Schmidtpro

31、cess施密特正交化過(guò)程Hhomogeneouslinearequations齊次線性方程組Iidentitymatrix單位矩陣inconsistentlinearsystem不相容線性方程組indefinitematrix不定矩陣indefinitquatraticform不定二次型infinite-dimensionalspace無(wú)限維空間innerproduct內(nèi)積inverseofmatrixA逆矩陣JKLlinearcombination線性組合linearlydependent線性相關(guān)linearlyindependent線性無(wú)關(guān)lineartransformation線性變換l

32、owertriangularmatrix下三角形矩陣MmaindiagonalofmatrixA矩陣的主對(duì)角matrix矩陣Nnegativedefinitequaraticform負(fù)定二次型negativesemidefinitequadraticform半負(fù)定二次型nonhomogeneousequations非齊次線性方程組nonsigularmatrix非奇異矩陣nontrivialsolution非平凡解normofvectorV向量V的范數(shù)用normalizingvectorV規(guī)范化向量orthogonalbasis正交基orthogonalcomplement正交補(bǔ)orthogo

33、naldecomposition正交分解orthogonallydiagonalizablematrix矩陣的正交對(duì)角化orthogonalmatrix正交矩陣orthogonalset正交向量組orthonormalbasis規(guī)范正交基orthonomalset規(guī)范正交向量組Ppartitionedmatrix分塊矩陣positivedefinitematrix正定矩陣positivedefinitequatraticform正定二次型positivesemidefinitematrix半正定矩陣positivesemidefinitequadraticform半正定二次型Qquatrati

34、cform二次型RrankofmatrixA矩陣A的秩r(A)reducedechelonmatrix最簡(jiǎn)梯形陣rowvector行向量SsetspannedbyRU'J由向量-，？所生成similarmatrices相似矩陣similaritytransformation相彳以變換singularmatrix奇異矩陣solutionset解集合standardbasis標(biāo)準(zhǔn)基standardmatrix標(biāo)準(zhǔn)矩陣Isubmatrix子矩陣subspace子空間symmetricmatrix對(duì)稱矩陣TtraceofmatrixA矩陣A的跡tr(A)transposeofA矩陣A的轉(zhuǎn)秩上t

35、riangleinequlity三角不等式trivialsolution平凡解Uunitvector單位向量uppertriangularmatrix上三角形矩陣Vvandermondematrix范得蒙矩陣vector向量vectorspace向量空間WZzerosubspace零子空間zerovector零空間概率與統(tǒng)計(jì)Probabilitytheory概率論mathematical statisticsdeterministic phenomenonrandom phenomenon sample space random occurrence fundamental event cer

36、tain event impossible event random test incompatible events frequency classical probabilistic geometric probability conditional probability multiplication theorem Bayes's formula Prior probability Posterior probability Independent events Bernoulli trials數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)確定性現(xiàn)象隨機(jī)現(xiàn)象樣本空間隨機(jī)事件基本事件必然事件不可能事件隨機(jī)試驗(yàn)互不相容

37、事件頻率model 古典概型幾何概率條件概率乘法定理貝葉斯公式先驗(yàn)概率后驗(yàn)概率相互獨(dú)立事件貝努利試驗(yàn)random variable隨機(jī)變量probabilitydistribution概率分布distributionfunction分布函數(shù)discrete random variabledistribution law離散隨機(jī)變量hypergeometric distribution random sampling model binomial distribution Poisson distribution geometric distribution probability densit

38、y continuous random variable uniformly distribution exponential distribution numerical character mathematical expectation variance moment central moment n-dimensional random two-dimensional random分布律超幾何分布隨機(jī)抽樣模型二項(xiàng)分布泊松分布幾何分布概率密度連續(xù)隨機(jī)變量均勻分布指數(shù)分布數(shù)字特征數(shù)學(xué)期望方差矩中心矩variablen-維隨機(jī)變量variable二維離散隨機(jī)變量jointprobabilitydistribution聯(lián)合概率分布jointdistributionlaw聯(lián)合分布律joint distribution function聯(lián)合分布函數(shù)邊緣分布律boundarydistributionlawboundarydistributionfunction邊緣分布函數(shù)exponential distribution二維指數(shù)分布cont