名詞性從句39066

1、Period 2 Grammar and usageStep 1 Pre-class在復(fù)合句中起名詞作用的從句叫做名詞性從句。它包括主語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的有連接詞that, whether 和if，關(guān)系代詞who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whichever, whoever以及關(guān)系副詞when, where和how。1. 主語(yǔ)從句（the subject clause）：在句子中作主語(yǔ)的從句叫主語(yǔ)從句。that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句在從句中不作任何句子成分，但不可以省略。1) Which team will win t

2、he match is still not certain.Analysis： which引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，意思是：“哪個(gè)”，后面常接一個(gè)名詞。Translation： 哪個(gè)隊(duì)將贏得比賽還不清楚。2）Even today, where a person comes from will affect their style of speech.Analysis： Translation： 。3）Whether she comes or not makes no difference. Analysis： Translation： 。4）It is certain that this process

3、will continue, and people will keep inventing new words and new ways of saying things. Analysis： 主語(yǔ)從句位于句首時(shí)，會(huì)使句子顯得笨重，因此常以it 作為形式主語(yǔ)，而將主語(yǔ)從句后置，以保持句子平衡。其句型可歸納為：It is +adj. / n.+that / whether / if從句e.g. In fact, it is certain that we would not be able to understand it if we heard it today. 。 英語(yǔ)在將來(lái)會(huì)不會(huì)繼續(xù)變化

4、是很容易回答的。It is easy to answer whether English will continue changing in the future.It is doubtful whether/if the President knew the details of the plan.Analysis：whether引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句既可放在句首也可放在句尾，if引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句只能放在句末。Translation： 。2. 賓語(yǔ)從句（The Object Clause）：賓語(yǔ)從句在句中作及物動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ)。1) I wonder who he is.Analysis： who引導(dǎo)

5、wonder的賓語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作is的表語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)從句必須用陳述語(yǔ)序，即主謂語(yǔ)序。2）He is sorry for what he has done. Analysis： 注意：that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句不可以省略的情況： 引導(dǎo)介詞in 和except的賓語(yǔ)從句。（其他介詞不可以接that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句） 如果動(dòng)詞后接了兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，第二個(gè)that開(kāi)始不省。 當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與that賓語(yǔ)從句之間有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)，that一般不可省。如：A. He said (that) he couldnt tell you right away and that you wouldnt underst

6、and.   B. Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our teacher was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.    C. The problem lies in that the mist may become a thick fog. D. I didnt tell him anything except I wasnt able to find my way back.3) It is a qu

7、estion of whether we should go.Analysis： Translation： 。 4) Dont take it for granted that you will keep fit forever.Analysis： that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句后置，用it作形式主語(yǔ)。Translation： 。3. 表語(yǔ)從句（The Predicative Clause）：表語(yǔ)從句在句中作表語(yǔ)，位于主句中的系動(dòng)詞之后。表語(yǔ)從句需注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1）If 不能引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句；2）另外當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)是reason時(shí)，要用that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，構(gòu)成the reason why / foris

8、that的結(jié)構(gòu)，意思是：“的原因是因?yàn)椤保?）引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞比賓語(yǔ)從句多了兩個(gè)，即：because和as if。1）The question is whether she can speak English. Analysis：whether引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，意思是“是否”。 Translation：?jiǎn)栴}是她是否會(huì)講英語(yǔ)。2) The language they created is what we now call Old English.Analysis： Translation： 。3) It looked as if it was going to rain. Analysis： 4

9、) The reason why he was dismissed（開(kāi)除）was that he was careless and irresponsible. Analysis： Translation： 。5) This is because many pairs of words and phrases have similar meanings in English.4. 同位語(yǔ)從句（The Appositive Clause）：同位語(yǔ)從句在句中作同位語(yǔ)，多數(shù)情況下由that引導(dǎo)。同位語(yǔ)從句一般放在某個(gè)名詞的后面，說(shuō)明這個(gè)名詞的內(nèi)容或含義。但不是所有的名詞后面都可以接同位語(yǔ)從句，可跟同

10、位語(yǔ)從句的名詞主要有fact, news, promise, reason, idea, suggestion, advice, proposal（提議）, possibility, chance（可能性）, word（消息）,belief（信仰）, order, request, demand等 1）We heard the news that our team had won. Analysis： that 引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句作news的同位語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明news的內(nèi)容是“我們隊(duì)贏了”，that不作句子成分，但不能省略。2) Along with the letter was his promis

11、e _ he would visit me this coming Christmas.    A. which   B. that    C. what   D. whether3) Danby left word with my secretary _ he would call again in the afternoon.  A. who    B. that    C. as  

12、0; D. whichNotes： 4) There is much chance         Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race. There is high possibility Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.Chances are Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race. 

13、 A. that          B. which         C. until           D. ifNotes： 5) Nobody believed his reason for being absent form the class he had to meet his uncle at the airpo

14、rt.  A. why     B. that   C. where    D. becauseNotes： 6) Doris success lies in the fact _ she is co-operative and eager to learn from others.  A. which     B. that     C. when     D. whyNotes： 同位語(yǔ)從句與

15、定語(yǔ)從句的主要區(qū)別：that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句不作任何句子成分，而that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句一定要作句子成分；不是所有的名詞后都可以接同位語(yǔ)從句，而幾乎所有的名詞后都可以接定語(yǔ)從句。所以要判斷是同位語(yǔ)從句還是定語(yǔ)從句，一是要看所修飾的詞能否接同位語(yǔ)從句，二是看從句是否缺少句子成分。如：1) They were all shocked at the news that Germany had declared war on Russia. Analysis：是同位語(yǔ)從句，that只起引導(dǎo)作用，在句中不作任何成分。Translation：他們聽(tīng)到德國(guó)向俄國(guó)宣戰(zhàn)的消息而感到震驚。 2) They were a

16、ll shocked at the news that was announced on the radio. Analysis：是定語(yǔ)從句，that在從句中作主語(yǔ)，若省略that，句子成分不全。Translation：他們都為收音機(jī)中宣布的消息而震驚。3) We have to accept the fact that our team lost.Analysis： Translation： 。 4) We have to face the fact that he told us yesterday.Analysis： Translation： 。 Step 2 During class名

17、詞性從句的八大考點(diǎn)1）引導(dǎo)詞 what 與 that 的區(qū)別： 引名詞性從句時(shí)，what 要充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)等句子成分，that 不作任何成分，只起連接作用。e.g. _ we cant get seems better than _ we have.A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; whatNotes：本句包含一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句和一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，且兩個(gè)從句都缺乏賓語(yǔ)，可見(jiàn)兩個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞都必須充當(dāng)從句的賓語(yǔ)，所以答案為 A 項(xiàng)。That the former Iraq president Saddam was captured has

18、 been proved.Notes： that 不充當(dāng)任何成分，只起語(yǔ)法連接作用（因?yàn)榫渥颖旧聿蝗背煞郑?）引導(dǎo)詞 whether 和 if 的區(qū)別：通常，引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，連詞要用 whether，而不用 if；習(xí)慣上也只能說(shuō) whether or not，而不說(shuō) if or not .例如：_ the meeting will be held in Beijing is not known yet.A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. ThatNotes：題中的從句位于句首，不難知道這是一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句，根據(jù)句意，答案為 C 項(xiàng)。That yo

19、u dont like him is none of my business.Notes： 但如果賓語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)從句為否定句時(shí)，只能用 that，不能用 whether 引導(dǎo)。3）名詞性從句的語(yǔ)序與別的從句一樣，名詞性從句必須用陳述語(yǔ)序。4） who / whoever，what / whatever，which / whichever等的區(qū)別：一般說(shuō)來(lái)，what / who 等含特指意義，而 whatever，whoever 等含泛指意義。例如：It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.A. howev

20、er B. whatever C. whichever D. wheneverNotes：Whatever 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，并且作 wants 的賓語(yǔ)。這里的 whatever 不能改成 what，因?yàn)轭}意想表達(dá)的顯然是“無(wú)論孩子要什么，就給他/她什么是不明智的”，具有泛指的概念。同時(shí)要注意，這里 whatever 也不能改用 no matter what，因?yàn)楹笳咧荒芤龑?dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句。5）where，when，why 等連接副詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句：where，when，why 等連接副詞也可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，使用的關(guān)鍵是：這個(gè)詞必須符合句子的邏輯要求。例如： I drove to Zhuhai

21、for the air show last week. Is that _ you had a few days off?Notes：why 引導(dǎo)的從句作表語(yǔ)，同時(shí) why 在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)。 Do you remember _ he came? Yes. I do，he came by car.A. how B. when C. that D. ifNotes：從答語(yǔ) he came by car 可知，這里問(wèn)的是 he 來(lái)的方式，所以用 how 引導(dǎo)。6） “介詞 + who（m）” 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句與“介詞 +who（m）”引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：介詞后面的引導(dǎo)詞用主格還是賓語(yǔ)，決定于它在

22、賓語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)還是賓語(yǔ)。1. It was a matter of _ would take the position.2. It was a matter of he thought was suitable for the job.3. It was a matter of he would choose to be his secretary.A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomeverNotes：由于這里的引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，所以要用主格 who （作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)自然要用 whom ）。7）引導(dǎo)詞 that 的省略：引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，that 通?？梢允÷裕?/p>

23、引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，that 不能省略。例如：Chinas success in manned-space-craft travel shows _ out country has become one of the greatest powers in space research.A. what B. which C. 不填 D. it that8）it在名詞性從句中作形式主語(yǔ)和形式賓語(yǔ)。Step3. Post-class1) 單項(xiàng)填空1. As soon as he comes back, Ill tell him when _ and see him.A. you will

24、come B. will you come C. you come D. do you come2. Then arose the question _ we were to get so much money.A. where B. that C. about which D. in which3. Mum is coming. What present _for your birthday?A. you expect she has got B. you expect has she gotC. do you expect she has got D. do you expect has

25、she got 4. You can only be sure of _you have at present; you cannot be sure of something _you might get in the future.A. that; what B. what; / C. which; that D. /; that5. It is obvious to the students _ they should get well prepared for their future.A. as B. which C. whether D. that6. Many young peo

26、ple in the West are expected to leave _ could be lifes most important decisionmarriagealmost entirely up to luck.A. as                 B. that            

27、C. which        D. what7. Could I speak to is in charge of International Sales please?A. who B. what C. whoever D. whatever8. _ as helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.   A. Who          

28、;      B. The one C. Anyone             D. Whoever9. The how- to-book can be of help to wants to do the job. A. who B. whomever C. no matter who D. whoever10. She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do it t

29、akes to save her life.A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whoever11. The fact has worried many scientists _ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.A. what B. which C. that D. though12. News came from the school office _Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.A. which B. what C. that D. where13. Is there any possibility _ you could pick me up at the airport?No problem