情態(tài)動詞（總）

1、情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞2Modal Verbs (情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞) ： 表示說話人對某一動作或狀態(tài)的態(tài)度，認表示說話人對某一動作或狀態(tài)的態(tài)度，認為為“可能可能”、“應(yīng)當應(yīng)當”、“必要必要”等等，但等等，但本身詞義不完全，不能單獨作謂語動詞，必本身詞義不完全，不能單獨作謂語動詞，必須和不帶須和不帶“to” 的動詞不定式的動詞不定式 （即動詞原形；（即動詞原形；ought 除外）連用。除外）連用。情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化的變化。只作情態(tài)動詞的只作情態(tài)動詞的 can/could, may/might, ought to， must可情態(tài)可實義的可情態(tài)可實義的need, dare/d

2、ared可情態(tài)可助動詞的可情態(tài)可助動詞的shall/should, will/would相當于情態(tài)動詞的相當于情態(tài)動詞的have to, used toWe can be there on time tomorrow. 我們明天能我們明天能按時去那兒。按時去那兒。 May I have your name? 我能知道你的名字嗎？我能知道你的名字嗎？ Shall we begin now? 我們現(xiàn)在就開始嗎？我們現(xiàn)在就開始嗎？ You must obey the school rules. 你必須遵守校規(guī)。你必須遵守校規(guī)。 一、各個情態(tài)動詞用法歸納一、各個情態(tài)動詞用法歸納 can和和 could

3、1 . 表示表示“能力能力” I can swim , but my sister cant.2表示表示“許可許可”、“請求請求” Can I go with you ? (請求請求) Father said I could go to cinema. (表示過去的許表示過去的許可可) You cannot smoke in the meeting room. (cannot 表示表示“禁止禁止”) Could I use your phone?Yes, of course you can.肯定回答，不能用肯定回答，不能用could ，一般是，一般是Yes, please. Thanks. 一

4、、各個情態(tài)動詞用法歸納一、各個情態(tài)動詞用法歸納 can和和 could3表示表示“理論上或邏輯上的可能理論上或邏輯上的可能” Anybody can make mistakes. (只表示理論上的可只表示理論上的可能性能性)An accident can happen if you do this. (表示事情肯表示事情肯定會發(fā)生定會發(fā)生)4“猜測猜測”（主要用于否定句和疑問句（主要用于否定句和疑問句）： He cant be at home. (否定句否定句) Can the news be true ? (疑問句疑問句)can與與be able to 的區(qū)別：的區(qū)別：can 只有現(xiàn)在和過去

5、時態(tài)，強調(diào)能力；只有現(xiàn)在和過去時態(tài)，強調(diào)能力；be able to有各種時態(tài)，表示有各種時態(tài)，表示一時一時的能力，強調(diào)的能力，強調(diào)結(jié)果。結(jié)果。Mary can play the piano .She has been able to play it since she was 5.Yesterday I was able to get home before the heavy rain.may 和和might1表示表示“許可許可” You may take a walk.Students may not make noise in the library. (may not 表示不許可或禁止

6、表示不許可或禁止)May I come in? 否定回答否定回答No, you mustnt. /cannot. 也可以也可以 may not 肯定回答肯定回答sure, certainly, of courseMight I trouble you for a light? You may indeed.may 和和might2.表示表示事實上的可能性事實上的可能性 It may rain tomorrow.(表示可能會發(fā)生表示可能會發(fā)生)Electric irons could be dangerous,they might give you a severe shock.3.“預(yù)測預(yù)測”

7、 Sam might have taken the money, but it seems unlikely. must1.表示表示“必須必須”、“務(wù)必務(wù)必”： We must obey orders.Must I pay now ? 肯定回答肯定回答 Yes, you must 否定回答否定回答 No, you neednt 或或 No, you dont have to2.表示表示預(yù)測預(yù)測 (必定，必會必定，必會) 一般用于肯定句?？梢话阌糜诳隙ň?。可用于否定一般疑問句。用于否定一般疑問句。There must be a mistake. Mustnt there be another r

8、eason for his behavior? must3. 偏偏偏偏 Our boy must do the opposite to what we ordered.Just when I was busy , she must come and chatshall1.用于第一、三人稱，表示征求對方的意見用于第一、三人稱，表示征求對方的意見 Shall we talk? Shall he come to see you ? 2.用于第二、三人稱，表示用于第二、三人稱，表示命令、允諾、警告、命令、允諾、警告、決心決心等等 Each member shall wear a name card.

9、No one shall stop me. You shall have the book when I finish reading it. He shall get his allowance. Should1.表示表示“必須必須”： I should answer his letter as soon as possible. You shouldnt judge a man always by the clothes. (shouldnt勸告勸告)2.猜測，猜測，“估計估計 應(yīng)該應(yīng)該” That should be Janet coming upstairs now. 正正在上樓的該是

10、珍妮特。在上樓的該是珍妮特。Should1.表示表示“必須必須”： I should answer his letter as soon as possible. You shouldnt judge a man always by the clothes. (shouldnt勸告勸告)2.猜測，猜測，“估計估計 應(yīng)該應(yīng)該” That should be Janet coming upstairs now. 正在上樓的該是珍妮特。正在上樓的該是珍妮特。Will和和 Would1.表示表示“意愿意愿” I will call you as soon as possible. Who will d

11、o the job ? He would not let me try .2.表示表示“請求請求” Will you kindly tell me the way to the post office ? Would you give me your address ? (用用 would 比比 will 表示更客氣表示更客氣)3.表示表示“預(yù)測預(yù)測”或或“習慣性習慣性”： That would be his mother.(would be 表示肯定是表示肯定是)He will sit there hour after hour looking at the river.He would c

12、ome to see me when he was in London. used to 與與would的區(qū)別的區(qū)別used to表示過去情況與現(xiàn)在不同表示過去情況與現(xiàn)在不同;would只單純表示過去的情況只單純表示過去的情況People used to think that the earth was flat.She would go out for a walk in the morning when she was in the country.ought to1.表示表示“應(yīng)該應(yīng)該” You ought to go to see the doctor. (ought to 的的語氣比

13、語氣比must 弱弱)You oughtnt (ought not) to smoke so much. Ought you to smoke so much? 2.表示表示“預(yù)測預(yù)測”，婉轉(zhuǎn)，婉轉(zhuǎn),比比must語氣弱語氣弱 They ought to be there by now. should 和和ought to的區(qū)別的區(qū)別含義大致相同，含義大致相同，ought to 強調(diào)在客觀上（法律，章程和道義），強調(diào)在客觀上（法律，章程和道義），比比should語氣強。語氣強。should強調(diào)主觀上，表示主語的職責和義務(wù)或說強調(diào)主觀上，表示主語的職責和義務(wù)或說話人的勸告話人的勸告。You oug

14、ht to go and see Mary tomorrow.You shouldnt judge a man always by the clothes. need和和dare用作情態(tài)動詞時，主要用在否定句、疑問句中，用作情態(tài)動詞時，主要用在否定句、疑問句中，用作實義動詞時用作實義動詞時,可用于各種句式?？捎糜诟鞣N句式。Need I come? Yes , you must./No,you neednt.You neednt telephone him now.She dare not go out alone at night.We should dare to give our own

15、opinion.We need to tell them the news.注意：注意：dare用作實義動詞時，其否定句中的用作實義動詞時，其否定句中的to可可保留也可省略。保留也可省略。She doesnt dare to climb the tree.She doesnt dare climb the tree. 情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞must, can, could, may, might表推測的用法：表推測的用法：情態(tài)動詞中的情態(tài)動詞中的must, can, could, may, might都表推都表推測。其中測。其中must的可能性最大，的可能性最大，can / could次之，次之，m

16、ay / might最小。具體用法如下：最小。具體用法如下：1. must的用法的用法（1）表示推測）表示推測“可能性可能性”時，意思是時，意思是“一定、一定、準是準是”，語氣較肯定，較有把握。，語氣較肯定，較有把握。He must be American. = It is certain that he is American. 他準是個美國人。他準是個美國人。（2）must表推測只能用于肯定句。表推測只能用于肯定句。如表示如表示“一定不、肯定不一定不、肯定不”的意思時，應(yīng)用的意思時，應(yīng)用cant,如詢問某種可能時，應(yīng)用如詢問某種可能時，應(yīng)用can。He must know my addre

17、ss. 他肯定知道我的地他肯定知道我的地址。（一定）址。（一定） He cant know my address. 他肯定不知道我的他肯定不知道我的地址。（一定不）地址。（一定不）Can he know my address? 他知道我的地址嗎？他知道我的地址嗎？（詢問可能性）（詢問可能性）（3）must表示推測時，可以推測現(xiàn)在表示推測時，可以推測現(xiàn)在/正在發(fā)正在發(fā)生的動作生的動作/過去發(fā)生的動作。過去發(fā)生的動作。He must have a car now. （現(xiàn)在）他一定有輛（現(xiàn)在）他一定有輛小汽車。小汽車。He must be doing his exercises in the cla

18、ssroom.（正在進行）他一定在教室里做練習。（正在進行）他一定在教室里做練習。He must have finished the work.（過去發(fā)生）他（過去發(fā)生）他一定已完成了工作。一定已完成了工作。注：注：must表示推測時表示推測時很少用于將來的情況很少用于將來的情況。一。一般不用般不用He must come tomorrow.可用可用Its certain / Im sure that he will come tomorrow.（4）在反意疑問句中，當附屬部分含有表示推）在反意疑問句中，當附屬部分含有表示推測意義的測意義的must時，疑問部分的時，疑問部分的助動詞應(yīng)與助動詞應(yīng)

19、與must后后面的動詞面的動詞在非推測情況下的用法在非推測情況下的用法保持一致保持一致。 He must be a worker, isnt he? （現(xiàn)在）他準時個（現(xiàn)在）他準時個工人，是嗎？工人，是嗎？You must have learned English for many years, havent you? （完成時）你一定學(xué)了好多年英語，（完成時）你一定學(xué)了好多年英語，是嗎？是嗎？比較：比較：It must have rained last night, didnt it? （過去）（過去）昨晚一定下雨了，是不是？昨晚一定下雨了，是不是？He must have arrived

20、by yesterday morning, hadnt he?2. can / could的用法的用法（1）can表示推測表示推測“可能性可能性”時，往往用于時，往往用于否定否定句或疑問句句或疑問句。Cant“一定不一定不”，can在疑問句中意在疑問句中意思是思是“會、可能會、可能”。He cant be at home. = It is impossible that he is at home. 他一定不在家。他一定不在家。（2）can /cant+ have done，表示對過去發(fā)生的，表示對過去發(fā)生的動作進行推測。動作進行推測。He cant have gone to Shanghai

21、 for I saw him a minute ago. 他不可能去了上海，我剛才還看見他。他不可能去了上海，我剛才還看見他。Its so late. Where can she have gone? 天晚了，她天晚了，她可能去哪兒了呢？可能去哪兒了呢？（3）could 還可以用于表示客氣、委婉、禮還可以用于表示客氣、委婉、禮貌的請求語氣。貌的請求語氣。 Excuse me, could you tell me the way to the bus station? Could you help me?（4）could have done 本能做但未做，表虛擬語氣本能做但未做，表虛擬語氣 I

22、could have done it well，but I wasnt so careful then .3. may和和might的用法的用法（1） may, might表示推測表示推測“可能性可能性”時，意思時，意思是是“可能可能”、“也許也許”He may / might be American. = It is possible that he is American.他可能是個美國人。他可能是個美國人。注：注：might不表示過去時態(tài)，只是語氣上比不表示過去時態(tài)，只是語氣上比may更更委婉，表示的可能性更小。委婉，表示的可能性更小。（2）may, might表推測時，可以用于否定句，

23、意表推測時，可以用于否定句，意思是思是“可能不、也許不可能不、也許不”，但，但不用于疑問句不用于疑問句。He may / might not be at home. 他也許不在家。他也許不在家。（3）may, might可以推測現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的動作可以推測現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的動作或過去發(fā)生的動作。或過去發(fā)生的動作。He may / might be sleeping now. The boy may / might not be watching TV at home. 這個男孩可能沒在家看電視這個男孩可能沒在家看電視These students may / might have seen the f

24、ilm before.（過去）（過去） 這些學(xué)生以前可能看過這部電影。這些學(xué)生以前可能看過這部電影。u Choose the best answers :1. I thought you_ like something to read. So I have brought you some books. A. ought B. might C. would D. must 2. That man must be Sarahs husband.-No, he_ be her husband. She is still single.A. cant B. mustnt C. may not D.

25、ought to 3. Peter _come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure.A. must B. may C. can D. will 4. What_ it be?-It_ be a mail box, for it is moving. It_ be a car.A. can; cant; must B. can; can; mustC. can; mustnt; must D. must; mustnt; can5. Look, someone is coming. Guess_ .-Jack. Hes always on time.A.

26、 who can it be B. who he mayC. who he can be D. who it can be6. I saw Mary in the library yesterday.-You_ her. She is still abroad.A. mustnt see B. cant have seen C. mustnt have seen D. couldnt see7. David, you _play with the valuable bottle, you_ break it.A. wont; cant B. mustnt; mayC. shouldnt; mu

27、st D. cant; shouldnt 8. Susan refuses to marry Jack now. She _her mind.A. must change B. should have changedC. must have changed D. would have changed9. Sue_ come together with us tonight, but she isnt very sure yet.A. must B. may C. need D. will 10. Aunt Margaret_ the train, otherwise she would hav

28、e arrived here by now.A. must have missed B. should have missedC. had missed D. might miss 情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞+have+done” 表表“本來本來” 使用情形分析使用情形分析一、一、should have done過去本來應(yīng)該過去本來應(yīng)該 （而實際上并沒有（而實際上并沒有) should not have done 本不應(yīng)該本不應(yīng)該 而實際上而實際上卻已經(jīng)卻已經(jīng)”如：如：1、We should have studied last night, but we went to the concert inst

29、ead . 我們昨晚本應(yīng)學(xué)我們昨晚本應(yīng)學(xué)習的，但我們卻去看音樂會了。（實際上沒有學(xué)習的，但我們卻去看音樂會了。（實際上沒有學(xué)習）習）二、二、could have done它表示它表示過去本來能夠過去本來能夠 實際上沒能做實際上沒能做。如。如1、I could have run 100 metres in 12 seconds. 我本來能用我本來能用12秒鐘完秒鐘完100米的米的.（實際上沒能）（實際上沒能）2、If you could have finished the task in time，you could have been promoted. 如果你當時能如期完成那任務(wù)的話，你可能

30、已如果你當時能如期完成那任務(wù)的話，你可能已提升了（實際上沒有被提升）提升了（實際上沒有被提升）三、三、need not have done它表示過去已做的事，事實上沒有必要。如，它表示過去已做的事，事實上沒有必要。如，1、I need not have got up so early . 我本來不必要那么早起床的（事實上早已起床我本來不必要那么早起床的（事實上早已起床）2、I need not have waited for the train for an hour. 我本來不必要等一個小時的火車。我本來不必要等一個小時的火車。（事實上已經(jīng)等了一個小時）（事實上已經(jīng)等了一個小時）問題問題:

31、would have donewould have done在什么情況下使用呢在什么情況下使用呢? ?四、四、would have done 用在虛擬語氣中用在虛擬語氣中 表示表示與過去事實相反之假設(shè)的結(jié)果與過去事實相反之假設(shè)的結(jié)果，常與，常與if 的的條件句連用。條件句連用。1、 I would have helped you if I had known of your difficulties . 要是我當時知道你們的窘境，要是我當時知道你們的窘境，我就會幫助你了（而實際上沒有幫助你）我就會幫助你了（而實際上沒有幫助你）2、If it hadnt rained yesterday, we

32、 would have gone out for a walk .假如昨天沒下雨，我們就去假如昨天沒下雨，我們就去散步了。（實際上沒有去）。散步了。（實際上沒有去）。Practice1. Mr White _ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt turn up. A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving2. If he had been here yesterday, he _ this pop star.A. woul

33、d meet B. would have metC. met D. must have met3. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I_ in love at the age of seven with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallenC. should fall D. were to fall4. -Did the train arrive in time?-No. It _ tw

34、o hours ago.A. must have arrived B. ought to have arrivedC. must arrive D. ought to arrive5. Must I drive to his house and pick up the children? No, . A. you shouldnt B. you might not C. you neednt D. you mustntB C 6. We didnt see Tom at the meeting yesterday. He it. A. mustnt have attended B. cannot have attended C. neednt have attended D