《自然頌》翻譯點(diǎn)評(píng)和學(xué)習(xí)

1、1（節(jié)選）（節(jié)選）(Excerpt)By Ralph Waldo Emerson國(guó)金國(guó)金062062：鄭伊拉：鄭伊拉 黃麗珍黃麗珍 李敏芬李敏芬2the American towering figure of his era, was responsible for bringing Transcendentalism to New England, and he was recognized throughout his life as the leader of the movement. Emerson was born in Boston, the son of a Unitarian

2、 minister who died when Emerson was eight years old. He attended Harvard, studied theology, and became a Unitarian minister himself in 1829. At Concord that Emerson wrote his first book, Nature (1836). Ralph Waldo Emerson3 Nature is one of Emersons best-known and most influential essays, it is a lyr

3、ical expression of the harmony Emerson felt between himself and nature. The main idea of the essay is that nature inspires spiritual understanding in human being. In this excerpt, the author accounts that the most enriching form of solitude is to be alone with nature, yet because nature is always pr

4、esent, we tend to take it for granted. Nature provides perfect joy, a oneness with God, an understanding of immortal beauty and the interconnection of all things. However, the ability to see these truths lies within the viewer. Emerson4To go into solitude, a man needs to retire as much from his cham

5、ber as from society. I am not solitary whilst I read and write, though nobody is with me. But if a man would be alone, let him look at the stars. The rays that come from those heavenly worlds will separate between him and what he touches. One might think the atmosphere was made transparent with his

6、design, to give man, in the heavenly bodies, the perpetual presence of the sublime. Seen in the streets of cities, how great they are! If the stars should appear one night in a thousand years, how would men believe and adore, and preserve for many generations the remembrance of the city of God which

7、 had been shown! But every night come out the envoys of beauty, and light the universe with their admonishing smile.5One might think the atmosphere was made transparent with his design, to give man, in the heavenly bodies, the perpetual presence of the sublime. 令人不禁遐想：夜空如此明凈，是為了向人展示天令人不禁遐想：夜空如此明凈，是為

8、了向人展示天國(guó)永恒的瑰麗。國(guó)永恒的瑰麗。銜銜接接上上文文Sublime: of very high quality and causing great admiration莊嚴(yán)？莊嚴(yán)？壯麗？壯麗？透明的？透明的？6 Seen in the streets of cities, how great they are! 站在城市的街道仰望，它們是那么的璀璨。站在城市的街道仰望，它們是那么的璀璨。 化被動(dòng)為主動(dòng)化被動(dòng)為主動(dòng)7If the stars should appear one night in a thousand years, how would men believe and adore

9、, and preserve for many generations the remembrance of the city of God which had been shown! 假如這星光千年一現(xiàn)，我們就會(huì)心懷敬意，把假如這星光千年一現(xiàn)，我們就會(huì)心懷敬意，把這天這天國(guó)的回憶國(guó)的回憶世代相傳世代相傳虛虛擬擬語(yǔ)語(yǔ)氣氣的的翻翻譯譯中文輕時(shí)態(tài)中文輕時(shí)態(tài)8But every night come out the envoys of beauty, and light the universe with their admonishing smile.然而，每晚這些美的使者都會(huì)出現(xiàn)，用它們那帶著然

10、而，每晚這些美的使者都會(huì)出現(xiàn)，用它們那帶著勸誡意味的微笑照亮夜空。勸誡意味的微笑照亮夜空。順順序序影影響響情情緒緒1.To tell sb firmly that you do not approve sth that they have done2.To strongly advice sb to do sth訓(xùn)誡？訓(xùn)誡？告誡？告誡？9The stars awaken a certain reverence because, though always present, they are inaccessible;星辰，星辰，可望而不可即可望而不可即，這這喚醒了人們喚醒了人們心心中的中的信仰

11、；信仰； 某些，某種。某些，某種。沒(méi)有美感，把它模糊變具體沒(méi)有美感，把它模糊變具體直譯：既是經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)，卻觸摸不到。直譯：既是經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)，卻觸摸不到。 這里應(yīng)用了成語(yǔ)：可望而不可即這里應(yīng)用了成語(yǔ)：可望而不可即 符合中文表達(dá)習(xí)慣，顯得簡(jiǎn)潔符合中文表達(dá)習(xí)慣，顯得簡(jiǎn)潔指代了前面的內(nèi)容，有表示原因的意味指代了前面的內(nèi)容，有表示原因的意味整句話(huà)翻譯用了逆譯法整句話(huà)翻譯用了逆譯法比較符合中文的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，也顯得簡(jiǎn)潔比較符合中文的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，也顯得簡(jiǎn)潔10原意：相關(guān)聯(lián)的，原意：相關(guān)聯(lián)的，有血緣關(guān)系的有血緣關(guān)系的but all natural objects make a kindred impression whe

12、n the mind is open to their influence. 然而當(dāng)然而當(dāng)心扉敞開(kāi)心扉敞開(kāi)，人們總能感受到自然，人們總能感受到自然萬(wàn)物的萬(wàn)物的親切熟悉親切熟悉。原意：相關(guān)聯(lián)的，原意：相關(guān)聯(lián)的，有血緣關(guān)系的有血緣關(guān)系的譯成心扉敞開(kāi)，譯成心扉敞開(kāi)，顯得簡(jiǎn)潔，比較有中文顯得簡(jiǎn)潔，比較有中文的美感的美感這里也根據(jù)中文的表達(dá)習(xí)慣改變了語(yǔ)序，也這里也根據(jù)中文的表達(dá)習(xí)慣改變了語(yǔ)序，也應(yīng)用成語(yǔ)使其比較簡(jiǎn)潔應(yīng)用成語(yǔ)使其比較簡(jiǎn)潔11Nature never became a toy to a wise spirit.大自然從不是大自然從不是智者智者的的玩物玩物。原意為玩具，翻譯成玩物原意為玩具，翻

13、譯成玩物表達(dá)的情感更加強(qiáng)烈表達(dá)的情感更加強(qiáng)烈直譯：聰明的精神，這里直譯：聰明的精神，這里根據(jù)上下文翻譯成智者根據(jù)上下文翻譯成智者12The flowers, the animals, the mountains reflected the wisdom of his best hour, as much as they had delighted the simplicity of his childhood.花草、動(dòng)物、山巒，不僅為他花草、動(dòng)物、山巒，不僅為他純真的純真的童年平童年平添了樂(lè)趣，也見(jiàn)證了添了樂(lè)趣，也見(jiàn)證了他的睿智他的睿智。有純樸，簡(jiǎn)單的意思，這有純樸，簡(jiǎn)單的意思，這里根據(jù)小孩子

14、的天性，把里根據(jù)小孩子的天性，把它譯為純真它譯為純真直譯：最明智的幾個(gè)小直譯：最明智的幾個(gè)小時(shí)。有點(diǎn)啰嗦，直接簡(jiǎn)時(shí)。有點(diǎn)啰嗦，直接簡(jiǎn)化成睿智化成睿智13Standing on the bare ground my head bathed by the blithe air and uplifted into infinite space all mean egotism vanishes.佇足佇足曠野，曠野，沐浴清風(fēng)沐浴清風(fēng)，如同被帶到了無(wú)垠的，如同被帶到了無(wú)垠的天際，天際， 所有的所有的狂妄狂妄蕩然無(wú)存。蕩然無(wú)存。 佇足代替站著，感覺(jué)就更佇足代替站著，感覺(jué)就更有文學(xué)的韻味，還有作者有文學(xué)的韻

15、味，還有作者欣賞美景的那種愜意欣賞美景的那種愜意這里把這里把my head my head 模糊化了，模糊化了，譯為沐浴清風(fēng)，四字句，與譯為沐浴清風(fēng)，四字句，與前四字相銜接前四字相銜接原意：自高自大，自負(fù)，原意：自高自大，自負(fù)，這里譯為狂妄，比較符這里譯為狂妄，比較符合邏輯思維合邏輯思維14I become a transparent eyeball; I am nothing; I see all; the currents of the Universal Being circulate through me; I am part or particle of God. 我變得澄澈，化為虛

16、無(wú)，洞悉一切，我我變得澄澈，化為虛無(wú)，洞悉一切，我被宇宙的氣息縈繞，成為上帝的附屬。被宇宙的氣息縈繞，成為上帝的附屬。每句分句，層層遞進(jìn)的關(guān)系每句分句，層層遞進(jìn)的關(guān)系15I become a transparent eyeball; I am nothing; I see all; the currents of the Universal Being circulate through me; I am part or particle of God. 我變得澄澈，化為虛無(wú)，洞悉一切，我我變得澄澈，化為虛無(wú)，洞悉一切，我被宇宙的氣息縈繞，成為上帝的附屬。被宇宙的氣息縈繞，成為上帝的附屬。透明

17、的眼球？透明的眼球？技巧：典型特征抽象化延伸技巧：典型特征抽象化延伸16I become a transparent eyeball; I am nothing; I see all; the currents of the Universal Being circulate through me; I am part or particle of God. 我變得澄澈，化為虛無(wú)，洞悉一切，我我變得澄澈，化為虛無(wú)，洞悉一切，我被宇宙的氣息縈繞，成為上帝的附屬。被宇宙的氣息縈繞，成為上帝的附屬。結(jié)合中國(guó)佛教的文化結(jié)合中國(guó)佛教的文化17I become a transparent eyeball;

18、 I am nothing; I see all; the currents of the Universal Being circulate through me; I am part or particle of God. 我變得澄澈，化為虛無(wú)，洞悉一切，我我變得澄澈，化為虛無(wú)，洞悉一切，我被宇宙的氣息縈繞，成為上帝的附屬。被宇宙的氣息縈繞，成為上帝的附屬。部分或粒子？部分或粒子？技巧：典型特征抽象化延伸技巧：典型特征抽象化延伸縈縈18The name of the nearest friend sounds then foreign and accidental: to be broth

19、ers, to be acquaintances, master or servant, is then a trifle and a disturbance. 密友的名字變得陌生而無(wú)足輕重。稱(chēng)兄密友的名字變得陌生而無(wú)足輕重。稱(chēng)兄道弟，說(shuō)朋道友，成為主仆，這一切都道弟，說(shuō)朋道友，成為主仆，這一切都變得瑣碎而煩擾。變得瑣碎而煩擾。19The name of the nearest friend sounds then foreign and accidental:密友的名字變得陌生而無(wú)足輕重。密友的名字變得陌生而無(wú)足輕重。Foreign: Something can be described a

20、s foreign to a particular person if it is unknown to them or not within their experience;或用來(lái)形容一個(gè)不屬于他的物品或用來(lái)形容一個(gè)不屬于他的物品 關(guān)聯(lián)性語(yǔ)義搭配關(guān)聯(lián)性語(yǔ)義搭配Accidental: Happened suddenly without plan20I am the lover of uncontained and immortal beauty. 我對(duì)純樸而永恒的美頂禮膜拜。我對(duì)純樸而永恒的美頂禮膜拜。V2：我是純粹而永恒的美景的追隨者。：我是純粹而永恒的美景的追隨者。V1：我是不拘束于永恒之美的自然之情人。：我是不拘束于永恒之美的自然之情人。定語(yǔ)過(guò)長(zhǎng)，不符合中文的表達(dá)習(xí)慣定語(yǔ)過(guò)長(zhǎng)，不符合中文的表達(dá)習(xí)慣21In the wilderness, I find something more dear and connate than in stre