英語語法講解-獨立主格結構

1、1獨立主格結構獨立主格結構 獨立主格結構的模式是：獨立主格結構的模式是：主格名詞主格名詞/ /代詞代詞 + + 分詞分詞/ /形容詞形容詞/ /副詞副詞/ /不定式不定式/ /介詞短語介詞短語( (作邏輯主語）作邏輯主語） （作邏輯謂語）（作邏輯謂語） 1. All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs.2. The question settled, we went home. 3. The river having risen in the night, the crossing was impossible. 主格名詞主格名詞/ /代

2、詞代詞 + + 分詞分詞 ( (過去分詞過去分詞/ /現在分詞）現在分詞）2主格名詞主格名詞/ /代詞代詞 + + 形容詞形容詞1. His mother being ill, he had to stay home to look after her.2. Other things being equal, I would buy the black dress. 主格名詞主格名詞/ /代詞代詞 + + 副詞副詞The meeting being over, our headmaster soon left the meeting-room.We to care for the childr

3、en, you are able to be carefree away from home. 主格名詞主格名詞/ /代詞代詞 + + 不定式不定式3主格名詞主格名詞/ /代詞代詞 + +介詞短語介詞短語Our English teacher came into the classroom, papers in hand.4with復合結構復合結構 與與 獨立主格結構獨立主格結構 它們都可以在句中作原因狀語、伴隨狀況狀語、條件狀語、時間狀語或結果狀語用，一般也可以相互轉換。雖然它們的語法功能和意義相同，但其結構形式和名稱卻不相同。with復合結構的模式是： with+with+名詞名詞/ /代

4、詞代詞+ +分詞分詞/ /形容詞形容詞/ /副詞副詞/ /不定式不定式/ /介詞短語介詞短語獨立主格結構的模式是： 主格名詞主格名詞/ /代詞代詞+ +分詞分詞/ /形容詞形容詞/ /副詞副詞/ /不定式不定式/ /介詞短語介詞短語5一、作時間狀語一、作時間狀語 1、With winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south.=Winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south.2、With the traffic light green

5、, the bus got moving.=The traffic light green, the bus got moving.6二、作原因狀語二、作原因狀語 1、With the weather terribly cold, we entered the room to warm ourselves. = The weather terribly cold, we entered the room to warm ourselves.2、With the key having been lost, she could not enter the room. = The key havin

6、g been lost, she could not enter the room. 7三、作條件狀語三、作條件狀語 1、With time permitting, well visit the Summer Palace. = Time permitting, well visit the Summer Palace. 2、With the car going wrong, well have to stop at the foot of the mountain. = The car going wrong, well have to stop at the foot of the mou

7、ntain. 8四、作伴隨狀語四、作伴隨狀語 1、The mother was cleaning the house with her baby playing on the bed. =The mother was cleaning the house, her baby playing on the bed. 2、Last night I followed him, with a sword in my hand. = Last night I followed him , sword in hand. 9無論with復合結構還是獨立主格結構，都不可有動詞的謂語形式充當其中的邏輯謂語。如下例中的was就必須去掉：He sat at the desk reading with a pen was in his right hand.10with復合結構可以作后置定語修飾名詞，而獨立主格結構則不可作后置定語修飾名詞. Soon she arrived at a park with grass green and flowers in blossom. = Soon she arrived at a park whose grass was green and whose flowers we