中考英語語法第六講--被動語態(tài)

1、12被動語態(tài)與狀態(tài)的區(qū)被動語態(tài)與狀態(tài)的區(qū)別別被動語態(tài)基本結構被動語態(tài)基本結構（現(xiàn)在、過去、情態(tài)）（現(xiàn)在、過去、情態(tài)）哪些詞不能用于被動哪些詞不能用于被動被動語態(tài)與被動修飾被動語態(tài)與被動修飾3基基 礎礎 知知 識識 一、什么是被動語態(tài)？ 英語中時態(tài)很多，但語態(tài)不多，只有兩種，即：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。 如果主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，使用主動語態(tài)；如果主語是動作的承受者，則使用被動語態(tài)。 1. 定義：被動語態(tài)，即不知道動作執(zhí)行者或強調動作承受者的一種語態(tài)。4 2. 被動語態(tài)的構成： 被字句：主語+ be +動詞過去分詞(v-ed) +by sb. 我打他 I beat him. (打過了) 他被我打=他打

2、被我 He was beaten by me. 他喜歡她 He likes her. 她喜歡被他 She is liked by him. (am/ is / are).被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)是由be動詞的時態(tài)決定的，be動詞是什么時態(tài)，全句就是什么時態(tài)，be動詞后面的過去分詞不變。5學好被動語態(tài)的兩個基礎條件 一、每種時態(tài)的be動詞形式。 二、不規(guī)則動詞。6主動語態(tài)be的謂語形式總結(1)主+am/ is/ are主+ am/ is/ are + being主+ will + be主+ has beenHe is a leader.He is being here.He will be a lead

3、er.He has been a leader.7主動語態(tài)be的謂語形式總結(2)主+was/ were主+ was/ were + being主+ would + be主+ had beenHe was a leader.He was being here just now.He would be a leader.He had been a leader several years ago.8被動語態(tài):主+ be +過去分詞過去分詞+(by sb)1. He eats the apple.2. He ate the apple.3. He is eating the apple.4. He

4、 was eating the apple.5. He will eat the apple.6. He would eat the apple.7. He has eaten the apple.8. He had eaten the apple.1. The apple is eaten by him.2. The apple was eaten by him.3. The apple is being eaten by him.4. The apple was being eaten by him.5. The apple will be eaten by him.6. The appl

5、e would be eaten by him.7. The apple has been eaten by him.8. The apple had been eaten by him.9三、情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài) 他兒子一定照顧這個人。 His son must take care of the person. 這個人一定要由他兒子照顧=即這個人一定照顧由他兒子。 The person must be taken care of by his son. 含有情態(tài)動詞的句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，在情態(tài)動詞后面直接加上be動詞即可。 構成：主語+情態(tài)動詞(can,may,must)+be(永遠是原形)+

6、過去分詞+by sb.101. You must do this as soon as possible.2. I can use it.3. You should buy a dictionary.4. She ought to clean her bedroom.5. They need look after the little child.6. We can change water into ice.1. This must be done as soon as possible (by you).2. It can be used.3. A dictionary should be

7、 bought(by you).4. Her bedroom ought to be cleaned.5. The little child need be looked after(by them).6. Water can be changed into ice.11提提 高高 知知 識識一、是不是所有的動詞都有被動語態(tài)？是不是所有的動詞都有被動語態(tài)？1.所有的不及物動詞或不及物動詞詞組不能用于被動語態(tài)之中。 這類動詞或短語如：take place(發(fā)生)，happen(發(fā)生)，come about(發(fā)生)，break out(爆發(fā))，appear(出現(xiàn))，disappear(消失)，la

8、st(持續(xù))，die , end (vi. 結束), fail, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart等。12 (2)不能用于被動語態(tài)的及物動詞或動詞短不能用于被動語態(tài)的及物動詞或動詞短語語： Fit合適, have, hold, marry結婚, own擁有, wish, cost值, notice注意, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in成功, suffer from受苦, h

9、appen to, take part in, walk into, belong to屬于13 (3)系動詞無被動語態(tài)： appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn It sounds good. 聽起來很好。 Tell me if you feel cold你要是感到冷就告訴我。14 4) 特殊結構：make sb. heard / understood (使別人能聽見/理解自己)，have sth. done ( 要某人做某事)。 5

10、) 當break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等動詞表示“發(fā)生、關閉、制定”等意思時。 The plan worked out successfully. The lamps on the wall turn off. 15 二、初中的不及物動詞有哪些？二、初中的不及物動詞有哪些？ 不及物動詞指的是后面不能跟賓語的動詞。 常見的不及物動詞有： apologize道歉 appear出現(xiàn) arrive到達 come來 go去 run跑 walk走 die死 fall掉落 flow流淌 happen發(fā)生 rise升起 stay停留 sit坐 li

11、e躺 stand站 cry哭 swim游泳16基礎練習題基礎練習題 ( ) 1. The Peoples Republic of China _ on October 1, 1949. A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found ( ) 2. English _ in Canada. A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken ( )3.This English song_ by the girls after class. A. often sings B. often sa

12、ng C. is often sang D. is often sung17 ( ) 4. This kind of car _ in Japan. A. makes B. made C. is making D. is made ( ) 5New computers _ all over the world. A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used ( ) 6. Our room must _ clean. A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep18 ( ) 7. A new house

13、 _ at the corner of the road. A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building ( ) 8. The key _ on the table when I leave. A. was left B. will be left C. is left D. has been left ( ) 9. His new book_ next month. A. will be published B. is publishing C. is being publishedD. has been publ

14、ished19 ( ) 10. The flowers_often. A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water Answers: 1-5 BDDDC 6-10 BBCAB20提高練習題提高練習題 1. The old bridge in my hometown_ next month. A. is going to be rebuilt B. will rebuilt C. are going to be rebuilt D. are going to rebuilt 2. The play _ at t

15、he theatre next Sunday. A. is going to be shown B. will shown C. will show D. is shown21 3. Now these magazines_ in the library for a long time. A. have kept B. are keeping C. have been keeping D. have been kept 4. -Id like to buy that coat. -Im sorry. _. A. it sold B. its selling C. Its been sold D

16、. it had been sold22 5. These papers_yet. A.have not written B. have not been written C. has not written D. has not been written 6. The sports meet _ be held until next week. A. didnt B. wont C. isnt D. doesnt 7. The books may_ for two weeks. A. be kept B. be borrowed C. keep D. borrow23 8. The brok

17、en bike_ here by Mr Smith. A. can mend B. can mended C. can be mend D. can be mended 9. Tea _ in the south of China.(多) A. grows B. is grown C. were grown D. will grow 10. Old people must _. A. look after wellB. be looked well after C. looked well afterD. be looked after well24 11. Newly-born babies

18、_in hospital. A. are taken good care B. are taken good care of C. take good care of D. take good care 12. I_ five minutes to decide whether I should go or not. A. am given B. was been giving C. had given D. was given 13. She will_good care_. A. take; of B. be taken; of C. take; for you D. be taken;

19、of you25 14. The teacher made him_ his homework. A. to do B. do C. did D. done 15. These children_dance. A. were seen to B. were seen for C. were seen D. saw to 16. The bike _ 500 yuan. A. was cost B. costed C. cost D. is costed26 17. The important meeting _ on a cold morning last year. A. was had B

20、. was held C. held D. had 18. Great changes_ in the past ten years in China. A. took place to B. have taken place C. were taking place D. had taken place 19. You cant use the computer, it_. A. was broken down B. is wrong C. is bad D. has broken down27 20. The medicine_in a dry and cool place .A .kee

21、p B .must keep C .must be kept D .must be keep Anwers: 1-5 AADCB 6-10 BADBD 11-15 BDBBA 16-20 CBDAC28三、被動語態(tài)與過去分詞短語作三、被動語態(tài)與過去分詞短語作后置定語。后置定語。1. The cat is called Tom. (被動語態(tài))2. There is a cat(called Tom) in the house. (過去分詞短語作后置定語)3例：He called the man called John.4例：The developed countries have develop

22、ed over 200 years.29四：被動語態(tài)不要與表示狀態(tài)句型四：被動語態(tài)不要與表示狀態(tài)句型混淆混淆 類型一 He is interested in the game. The game is made in China. 類型二 The door is closed. The door is closed by John. 30練練 習習 題題 1. Somebody_Jack phoned while you were out. A.to call B.calling C.being called D.called 2. These walls_stone. A. are made of B. made of C. are made into D. made into 3. Jane _ to sing us an American song last Saturday. A. called B. was asked C. told D. was said31 4. The coat_her sister. A. made to B. were