同等學(xué)力英語備考閱讀理解含答案

1、Passage 1 Proper arrangement of classroom space is important to encouraging interaction.Most of us have noticed how important physical setting is to efficiency and comfort in our work.Today's corporation hire human engineering specialists and spend a considerable amount of time and money to make

2、 sure that the physical environments of buildings are fit to the activities of their inhabitants.Similarly, college classroom space should be designed to encourage the activity of critical thinking.We are already in the twenty-first century，but step into almost any college classroom and you step bac

3、k in time at least a hundred years.Desks are normally in straight rows, so students can clearly see the teacher but not all their classmates.This assumption behind such an arrangement is obvious：Everything of importance comes from the teacher.With a little imagination and effort，unless desks are fix

4、ed to the floor，the teacher can correct this situation and create space that encourages interchange among students.In small or standardized classes，chairs，desks，and tables can be arranged in a variety of ways：circles，U-shapes，or semicircles.The primary goal should be for everyone to be able to see e

5、veryone else.Larger classes，particular those held in lecture halls，unfortunately，allow much less flexibility.Arrangement of the classroom should also make it easy to divide students into small groups for discussion or problem-solving exercises.Small classes with movable desks and tables present no p

6、roblem.Even in large lecture halls，it is possible for students to turn around and form group of four to six.Breaking a class into small groups provides more opportunities for students to interact with each other，think out loud，and see how other students thinking processes operate-all essential eleme

7、nts in developing new modes of critical thinking.In courses that regularly use a small group format，students might be asked to stay in the same small groups throughout the course.A colleague of mine allows students to move around during the first two weeks，until they find a group they are comfortabl

8、e with.He then asks them to stay in the same seat，with the same group，from that time on.This not only creates a comfortable setting for interaction but helps him learn students names and faces. 1. According to the passage，proper arrangement of physical environment in a company _.A. can improve worki

9、ng conditionsB. leads to an friendly atmosphereC. can promote working efficiencyD. produce an energetic team leader2. Desks in straight rows in a traditional classroom imply _.A. the importance of facial expressionsB. group work is not welcome in classC. strict rules that must be abided byD. the abs

10、olute authority of teachers3. The most important goal of classroom arrangement is to _.A. create more chances of interaction among studentsB. increase more speaking practices among studentsC. make it possible for teachers to judge how well students have learnedD. improve the relationship between stu

11、dents and teachers4. By dividing students into small groups，teachers _.A. find it easier to handle the in-class teachingB. can participate in group work convenientlyC. help develop students abilities in critical thinkingD. reinforce students ability in cooperation and communication5. It can be infer

12、red that the author _.A. criticizes the importance of teachers in classB. stresses the importance of interaction among studentsC. is reluctant to teach in a classroom in the 21st centuryD. is eager to reform the desk arrangements in his collegePassage 4Material culture refers to what can be seen, he

13、ld, felt, used-what a culture produces. Examining a cultures tools and technology can tell us about the groups history and way of life. Similarly, research into the material culture of music can help us to understand the music culture. The most vivid body of material culture in it, of course, is mus

14、ical instruments. We cannot hear for ourselves the actual sound of any musical performance before the 1870s when the phonograph was invented, so we rely on instruments for important information about music cultures in the remote past and their development. Here we have two kinds of evidence: instrum

15、ents well preserved and instruments pictured in art. Through the study of instruments, as well as paintings, written documents, and so on, we can explore the movement of music from the Near East to China over a thousand years ago, or we can outline the spread of Near Eastern influence to Europe that

16、 resulted in the development of most of the instruments in the symphony orchestra.Sheet music or printed music, too, is material culture. Scholars once defined folk music cultures as those in which people learn and sing music by ear rather than from print, but research shows mutual influence among o

17、ral and written sources during the past few centuries in Europe, Britain, and America. Printed versions limit variety because they tend to standardize any song, yet they stimulate people to create new and different songs. Besides, the ability to read music notation has a far-reaching effect on music

18、 and, when it becomes widespread, on the music culture as a whole.One more important part of musics material culture should be singled out: the influence of the electronic media-radio, record player, tape recorder, television, and videocassette, with the future promising talking and singing computer

19、s and other developments. This is all part of the "information revolution", a twentieth-century phenomenon as important as the industrial revolution was in the nineteenth. These electronic media are not just limited to modem nations; they have affected music cultures all over the globe.6.

20、Research into the material culture of a nation is of great importance because _A. it helps produce new cultural tools and technology B. it can reflect the development of the nation C. it helps understand the nations past and presentD. it can demonstrate the nations civilization7. It can be learned f

21、rom this passage that _A. the existence of the symphony was attributed to the spread of Near Eastern and Chinese musicB. Near Eastern music had an influence on the development of the instruments in the symphony OrchestraC. the development of the symphony shows the mutual influence of Eastern and Wes

22、tern musicD. the musical instruments in the symphony orchestra were developed on the basis of Near Eastern music8. According to the author, music notation is important because _A. it has a great effect on the music culture as more and more people are able to read itB. it tends to standardize folk so

23、ngs when it is used by folk musiciansC. it is the printed version of standardized folk musicD. it encourages people to popularize printed versions of songs9. It can be concluded from the passage that the introduction of electronic media into the world of music _ A. has brought about an information r

24、evolutionB. has speeded up the appearance of a new generation of computersC. has given rise to new forms of music cultureD. has led to the transformation of traditional musical instruments10. Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage?A. Musical instruments developed through

25、 the years will sooner or later be replaced by computers.B. Music cannot be passed on to future generations unless it is recorded.C. Folk songs cannot be spread far unless they are printed on music sheets.D. The development of music culture is highly dependent on its material aspect.Passage 5Youre b

26、usy filling out the application form for a position you really need. Lets assume you once actually completed a couple of years of college work or even that you completed your degree. Isnt it tempting to lie just a little, to claim on the form that your diploma represents a Harvard degree? Or that yo

27、u finished an extra couple of years back at State University? More and more people are turning to utter deception like this to land their job or to move ahead in their careers, for personnel officers, like most Americans, value degrees from famous schools. A job applicant may have a good education a

28、nyway, but he or she assumes that chances of being hired are better with a diploma from a well-known university.Registrars at most well-known colleges say they deal with deceitful claims like these at the rate of about one per week. Personnel officers do check up on degrees listed on application for

29、ms, then. If it turns out that an applicant is lying, most colleges are reluctant to accuse the applicant directly. One Ivy League school calls them "impostors (騙子)" another refers to them as "special cases". One well-known West Coast school, in perhaps the most delicate phrase o

30、f all, says that these claims are made by "no such people". To avoid outright (徹底的) lies, some job-seekers claim that they "attended" or "were associated with" a college or university. After carefully checking, a personnel officer may discover that "attending"

31、 means being dismissed after one semester. It may be that "being associated with" a college means that the job-seeker visited his younger brother for a football weekend. One school that keeps records of false claims says that the practice dates back at least to the turn of the century-that

32、s when they began keeping records, anyhow. If you dont want to lie or even stretch the truth, there are companies that will sell you a phony diploma.One company, with offices in New York and on the West Coast, will put your name on a diploma from any number of nonexistent colleges. The price begins

33、at around twenty dollars for a diploma from "Smoot State University". The prices increase rapidly for a degree from the "University of Purdue". As there is no Smoot State and the real school in Indiana is properly called Purdue University, the prices seem rather high for one shee

34、t of paper.11. The main idea of this passage is that _A. employers are checking more closely on applicants nowB. lying about college degrees has become a widespread problemC. college degrees can now be purchased easilyD. employers are no longer interested in college degrees12. According to the passa

35、ge, "special eases" refers to cases that _A. students attend a school only part-timeB. students never attended a school they listed on their applicationC. students purchase false degrees from commercial firmsD. students attended a famous school13. We can infer from the passage that _A. per

36、formance is a better judge of ability than a college degreeB. experience is the best teacherC. past work histories influence personnel officers more than degrees doD. a degree from a famous school enables an applicant to gain advantage over others in job competition14. This passage implies that _A.

37、buying a false degree is not moralB. personnel officers only consider applicants from famous schoolsC. most people lie on applications because they were dismissed from schoolD. society should be greatly responsible for lying on applications15. The word "phony" (Line 13, Para. 2) means _A.

38、thorough C. false B. ultimate D. decisivePassage 6Nobody actually wants to cause offence but，as business becomes ever more international，it is increasingly easy to get it wrong. There may be a single European market but it does not mean that managers behave the same in Greece as they do in Denmark.I

39、n many European countries handshaking is an automatic gesture.In France good manners require that on arriving at a business meeting a man should shake hands with everyone present. This can be a demanding task and，in a crowded room，may require gymnastic(體育的)ability if the farthest hand is to be reach

40、ed. Handshaking is almost as popular in some other countries，but Northern Europeans，such as the British and Scandinavians，are not quite so fond of physical demonstrations of friendliness.In Europe the most common challenge is not the content of the food，but the way you behave as you eat. Some things

41、 are just not done.In France it is not good manners to raise tricky questions of business over the main course.Business has its place：after the cheese course. Unless you are prepared to eat in silence you have to talk about something-something，that is，other than the business deal which you are conti

42、nually chewing over in your head.In Germany，as you walk sadly back to your hotel room，you may wonder why your apparently friendly hosts have not invited you out for the evening. Don't worry，it is probably nothing personal. Germans do not entertain business people with quite the same enthusiasm a

43、s some of their European counterparts.The Germans are also notable for the amount of formality they bring to business. As an outsider，it is often difficult to know whether colleagues have been working together for 30 years or have just met in the lift. If you are used to calling people by their firs

44、t names this can be a little strange. To the Germans，titles are important. Forgetting that someone should be called Herr Doktor or Frau Direktorin might cause serious offence. It is equally offensive to call them by a title they do not possess.In Italy the question of title is further confused by th

45、e fact that everyone with a university degree can be called Doctor-and engineers，lawyers and architects may also expect to be called by their professional titles.These cultural challenges exist side by side with the problems of doing business in a foreign language. Language，of course，is full of difficulties-disastermay be only a syllable away.But the more you know of the culture of the country you are dealing with，the less likely you are to get into difficulties.It is worth the effort. It might be rather hard to explain that the reason you lost the contract w