高考語法復(fù)習(xí) 動(dòng)詞不定式學(xué)案

1、.動(dòng)詞不定式一、不定式的根本形式不定式 主動(dòng)式 被動(dòng)式一般式 to do to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done進(jìn)展式 to be doing 完成進(jìn)展式 to have been doing1不定式的一般式 表示的動(dòng)作通常與主要謂語所表示的動(dòng)作狀態(tài)同時(shí)幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生，或是在它之后發(fā)生。 例如：We rejoiced to see her back.我們看到他回來了很快樂。 They invited us to go there this summer. 他們邀請(qǐng)我們今年夏天去那兒。2不定式的進(jìn)展式 假如在主要謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式的

2、動(dòng)作也正在進(jìn)展，這時(shí)不定式就要用進(jìn)展式。 例如：Her uncle seemed to be acting strangely towards her.她叔父對(duì)待她的所作所為看上去很怪。 They pretended to be working very hard.他們假裝在努力工作。 We happened to be talking about it 我們恰好正談到件事。 We did not expect you to be sleeping here.我們沒想到你在這睡覺。3不定式的完成式 不定式所表示的動(dòng)作在謂語所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生，這個(gè)不定式用完成式，即to have done例如

3、：It is not like her to have missed two days of classed.誤了兩天的課，這不像她的行為。 I am sorry to have done that.我那樣做很抱歉。 You are said to have got some tickets for the concert.據(jù)說你有幾張這場(chǎng)音樂會(huì)的票。 She seems to have read the book before.她好似看過這本書。4不定式的完成進(jìn)展式。 假如不定式的表示不是正在進(jìn)展的動(dòng)作，而是在謂語所表示時(shí)間前一直進(jìn)展的動(dòng)作，就要用完成進(jìn)展式 。例如：They are sai

4、d to have been collecting folk songs in Yunnan.=It is said that they have been collecting.據(jù)說他們一直在云南搜集民歌。 They suspected us to having been puarreling. 他們還疑心我們剛剛吵過架呢。 We are happy to have been working with you. 我們很快樂這段時(shí)間和你們 在一起工作。5不定式的被動(dòng)式 1假如不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者，不定式要用被動(dòng)式 to be done例如：These clothes a

5、re to be washed as soon as possible. 這些衣服要盡早洗。 It takes 80 years for Mediteranean Water to be changed with Atlantic water. 地中海的水需要員80年才能同大西洋的水交換一次。 The new play to be put on tonight will be very interesting. 今晚要上演的新劇將非常有趣。 To fetch water before breakfast seemed to me a rule never to be broken. 早鈑前去打

6、水對(duì)我來說是永遠(yuǎn)不能打破的慣例。98年上海高考 2有些構(gòu)造中不定式雖然表示被動(dòng)意思，但用的卻是主動(dòng)形式，這是因?yàn)樵诰渥又心苷业讲欢ㄊ竭@個(gè)動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者。 例如：Give her some books to read. 給她些書看。有時(shí)候用不定式的主動(dòng)式或被子動(dòng)式表達(dá)的意義是不一樣的。例如：I have some letters to write. 我有許多信要寫。 I have some letters to be writen . 我有許多信要讓人寫。 Do you have anything to take to the library? 你有什么東西需要拿到圖書館去嗎？是由你親自拿去Do

7、you have anything to be taken to the library? 你有什么東西需要拿到圖書館去嗎？是由別人帶去3在There be 句型中作定語修飾主語的不定式用主動(dòng)式和被子動(dòng)形式都有可以。多用主動(dòng)形式 例如：There are a lot of letters to write to be written 有許多信要寫。 There is no chance to lose to be lost 時(shí)機(jī)失去不能再有。另外有些詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被子動(dòng)意義：例如：He is to blame for not driving carefully 他粗心駕駛應(yīng)受到責(zé)備。6不定式

8、的否認(rèn)式不定式的否認(rèn)式是在to符號(hào)前加 not，有時(shí)用never ,即not to do sth , never to do sth.例如：He is disappointed not to go swimming this afternoon.今天下午不能去游泳他很絕望。 I warn them not to go out alone.我告誡他們不要單獨(dú)出去。 You must promise never to smoke.你必容許再也不抽煙。 I advised people not to have hamburgers.我勸人們不要吃漢堡包。 動(dòng)詞不定式可在句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語、

9、狀語、補(bǔ)足語、同位語等， 但不能作謂語，不定式可有自己的邏輯主語，即for sb to do sth, of sb to do sth一、 作主語To do that sort of thing is foolish.To learn English well is very important. 注：常用形式主語it 代替不定式置于主語位置，不定式移至句末。 It would be better for you to go there. 二、 作表語To see is to believe.To live in hearts we leave behind is not to die . 注

10、：1、主語是不定式時(shí)，表語必須用不定式，而不用Ving形式。 2不定式用表語時(shí)常用來表示預(yù)定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作， 或表示將來的可能性或假設(shè)。 3當(dāng)主語部分有do 的某種形式時(shí)，to 可省略。 All you have to do is to finish the job quickly.三、 作賓語Fred didnt have any money , so he decided to look for a job .He promised not to tell anyone about it . 注：只跟不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞有：afford ,agree, ask , decide , deman

11、d , expect, fail , help , hope , manage , offer , plan , prepare , pretend , promise , refuse , seem , wish , learn 等。四、 作定語Do you have anything to say ?There are a lot of TV sets to choose from .We found a house to live in .注；1、不定式作定語時(shí)， 通常與被修飾的名詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以當(dāng)不定式的動(dòng)詞為不及物時(shí)， 應(yīng)當(dāng)加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。 2、當(dāng)謂語是一些特定的動(dòng)詞時(shí)， 如：gi

12、ve , find , have , need, want 等，后面的名詞賓語或表語可以用不定式修飾。 He gave us a week to think the problem over . 3、當(dāng)名詞有特定的定語，如：first , last , next , only等序數(shù)詞以及形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)， 其后用不定式。 He is the only person to know the truth . 4. 一些要求不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞后，仍可帶一個(gè)不定式作定語。如： agreement , attempt , decision ,promise wish , plan 等。 Sh

13、e has a great wish to travel around the world .五、 作狀語 一、目的狀語I must leave now to get there on time.注：作目的狀語的不定式前，常加上in order 或 so as ，但so as 不能用于句首。 He spoke loudly so as to be heard . 二、結(jié)果狀語常用構(gòu)造：1 So +adj./adv. +as to do sth He is not so stupid as to do that .2.Such +adj.+ n +as to do sth Im such a f

14、ool as to believe that .3.Enough + n +to do sth I have enough money to buy it4.N /adj./adv. +enough + to do sth She isnt old enough to go to school.5.Too + adj./adv. + to do sth Im too tired to walk any further tonight .注：不定式表示結(jié)果時(shí)， 常與only 連用，暗示“意外的結(jié)果。 He went to the seaside only to be drowned In 193

15、5, he left home never to return . What have I done to offend you ? He lived to be a very old man . 三、原因狀語They jumped with joy to hear the news .The children felt happy to be with their parents.四、方式狀語常與as if , as though 連用He raised his hand as if to take off his hat .五、不定式修飾作表語或賓語補(bǔ)足語的形容詞Im very glad

16、to see you again .注：有時(shí)不定式可與主語構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。 She is easy to get on with. English is not so difficult to learn .六、作賓語補(bǔ)足語1 動(dòng)詞 + 賓語 + to do sth 主要?jiǎng)釉~有：advise, ask , want , beg , order, cause, challenge, drive, encourage, expect , forbid , force, hire , intend , invite, order permit ,persuade, remind, require, t

17、each, tell, warn等 Allow me to introduce Mr White to you . 2. 表示見解、看法的動(dòng)詞 + 賓語 + to do sth 主要?jiǎng)釉~有：believe, consider, declare, discover, feel , find, imagine, judge, suppose, think , understand等。I found the news to be true .I consider him to have done wrong .注： 這類動(dòng)詞后作補(bǔ)語的不定式通常是to be 或to have done3. 知覺動(dòng)詞

18、+ 賓語 + 不帶著to 的不定式 主要有： see, notice, watch , look at , listen to , observe , hear , feel The policeman observed the thief walk into the shop . 注：在被動(dòng)句中不定式要帶to .4. 役使動(dòng)詞 + 賓語 + 不帶to 的不定式 主要?jiǎng)釉~有：make, have, let Dont make the children do such heavy work . 注：在被動(dòng)句中不定式要帶to . 但是， have一般不用被動(dòng)；let用于被動(dòng)，不定式帶to 與否均可

19、。5表示好惡的動(dòng)詞 + 賓語 + to do sth 主要?jiǎng)釉~ 有：dislike , like , prefer, hate , love , want 等 I like people to tell the truth .注：此類動(dòng)詞不用被動(dòng)。6 動(dòng)詞短語 + 賓語+ to do sth 主要?jiǎng)釉~有： arrange for安排 , ask for , call on , count on依賴 , depend on ,long for 渴望, rely on ,wait for 等 Im waiting for you to reply .七、 插入語式的獨(dú)立構(gòu)造。To tell you

20、 the truth , I dont like maths .八、 作同位語Our wish , to build China into powerful socialist country , will surely be realized.He gave me the order to start the attack.He followed the instruction to walk along the street .動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to 的用法1、在see , look at , watch , notice , observe , hear, listen to , feel

21、等感覺動(dòng)詞后，不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)不帶to .e.g Mary saw John cross the street .但在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中，不定式要帶to .2、在make , let , have 等役使動(dòng)詞后，不定式不帶to .e.g You must make him do that at once .但在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中，make后不定式要帶to .而have ,let 沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)用法。3、在had better , had best , had rather , had sooner , would rather 等構(gòu)造中，動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to .e.g I'd rather stop

22、here now . He said that he would rather do it right now .4、連接詞rather than ,rather than 之后的不定式不帶to ，其常用構(gòu)造為：1 would rather do sth than do sth = Rather than do sth ,sb would do sth else.2 prefer to do sth rather than do sth 3 insist on doing sth rather than do sth4 would sooner do sth than do sth 5 may

23、/ might as well do sthA as do sth B 與其說B不如說A6 would just as soon do sth as do sth .5、在“Will you please +不定式，“Would you please +不定式一類表示邀請(qǐng)或命令的句型中，動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to .6、在"Why " "Why not "一類表示提出忠告或建議的句型中，不定式不帶to.7、在do nothing but, do anything but ,cannot but ,cannot choose but 只好,cannot help

24、but 不得不之后動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to .但have no choicealternative but to do sth.e.g It is raining hard . I cannot help but stay at home . I have no choice but to do this work .8在介詞 but ,except , besides 之后，主要用于否認(rèn)句。假如這些詞前有do 的某種形式，那么不定式不帶to .9、在let go 放開，make believe假裝,make do 設(shè)法應(yīng)付等固定搭配中，不定式不帶to e. g a. He let go the d

25、og . b. Let us make believe we have a million dollars .10.當(dāng)主語由一個(gè)以do 為謂語動(dòng)詞的定語從句修飾時(shí)；當(dāng)主語是主語從句，并且句中有do 時(shí)； 當(dāng)主語是to do 作定語修飾的thing時(shí)，作表語的不定式可以帶to ，也可以不帶to .e.g All that we have to do is topractise speaking English every day .11、兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上句法功能一樣的動(dòng)詞不定式并列使用時(shí)，第一個(gè)不定式帶to ,第二個(gè)不定式常不帶to .一、 動(dòng)詞不定式精練：1.I think your mothe

26、r has already known all the truth. She appears _ everything. A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told2. _ late in the morning , Bob turned off the alarm . A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept3. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job . A. exp

27、ected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects4. Robert is said _abroad , but I dont know what country he studied in . A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying5. The purpose of new technology is to make life easier , _ it more difficult. A. not make B. not to make

28、C. not making D. do not make6. I would love _ to the party last night , but I had to work extra hours to finish a report . A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone7. The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation . A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating8. Paul doesnt

29、 have to be made _ . He always works hard .A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning9.We agreed _ here but so far he hasnt turned up yet . A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met10.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street , but his mother told him_. A. not to B. not to do C. not

30、 do it D. do not to11.John was made _ the truck for a week as a punishment .A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing12. Though he had often made his little sister _ , today he was made _ by his little sister . A. cry , to cry B. crying , crying C. cry , cry D. to cry , cry13. How foolish the E

31、mperor was _ what the cheats said. A. believing B. believed C. to believe D. to be believed14. She pretended _ me when I passed by . A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not seen15. In order to improve her hearing ability , _ .A. Jennys father bought her a lot of tapes .B. Jenny bough

32、t a lot of tapes C. A lot of tapes were bought by Jenny D. A lot of tapes were bought by Jennys father16. _ his English , he spent much time _ English novels . A. Improve , to read B. To improve , reading C. To improve, read D. Improved , reading17. I felt it an honor _ to speak here . A. to ask B.

33、asking C. to be asked D. having asked18. Would you mind_ me ten cents ? I would like _ a telephone call .A. to lend , to make B. lending , making C. to lend, making, D. lending , to make19. Tom happened _ in the room when the stranger came in . A. working B. to be working C. to work D. to be worked

34、20. _ the little boy , he kicked off his shoes and jumped into the river . A. To save B. Saved C. Saving D. Having saved21. Since you find it difficult _ a decision , youd better _ a discussion with your parents. A. reach , have B. reaching, having C. reach, having D. to reach , have22. The boy pret

35、ended _ a book when his father came into his room with his teacher. A. to be reading B. to read C. reading D. read23. -Do you have any clothes _ ,sir ? -No, thanks. I had my son _ them this morning .A. to wash , washed B. to be washed , wash C. washing, wash D. to wash , washing24. Did you notice th

36、e little boy _ away ? A. took the candy and ran B. taking the candy and run C. take the candy and run D. taking the candy and ran25. Im sorry I cant help _ the radio . A. fixing B. you fixing C. in fixing D. you fix26. He loves parties . He is always the first _ and the last _ .A. coming, leaving B.

37、 to come , to leave C. come , leave D. comes , leaves27. These are the materials _ to the countryside next week . A. sent B. to send C. to be sent D. sending28.We are very anxious _ the stories _ in English. A. reading , writing B. to read, writing C. reading , written D. to read, written29.I came _

38、 as well as _ the truth about the accident. A. seeing you, to learn of B. seeing you , learning of C. to see you , learn of D. to see you, to learn of30.Mrs Smith warned her daughter _ after drinking . A. never to drive B. to never drive C. never driving D. never drive31. She cant help _ the house because shes busy