句子成分(要的)

1、關(guān)于句子成分(要的)現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第一頁，共41頁英語句子成分有八種英語句子成分有八種:句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主要成分有主語和謂語主語和謂語；次要成分有次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補足語和同位語表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補足語和同位語。現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第二頁，共41頁句子成分句子成分意義意義充當詞類充當詞類例句例句主語主語表示句子說的是什么人或什么表示句子說的是什么人或什么事事名，代，數(shù)，不定名，代，數(shù)，不定式，動名詞，短語或式，動名詞，短語或句子句子We study in HuangQiao Middle School.謂語謂語說明主語做什么，是

2、什么或怎說明主語做什么，是什么或怎么樣么樣動詞或動詞詞組動詞或動詞詞組She is dancing under the tree.賓語賓語表示動作行為的對象表示動作行為的對象同主語同主語Both of us like English.表語表語與聯(lián)系動詞連用，一起構(gòu)成謂與聯(lián)系動詞連用，一起構(gòu)成謂語，說明主語的性質(zhì)或特征語，說明主語的性質(zhì)或特征同主語同主語Her father is a chemist.His words sound reasonable.定語定語用來修飾名詞或代詞用來修飾名詞或代詞形，代，數(shù)，名形，代，數(shù)，名, 副，介詞短語或句子副，介詞短語或句子We have eight le

3、ssons every day.狀語狀語修飾動詞，形容詞，副詞，表修飾動詞，形容詞，副詞，表示動作發(fā)生的時間，地點，原示動作發(fā)生的時間，地點，原因，目的，方式，結(jié)果等因，目的，方式，結(jié)果等副詞，介詞短語或句副詞，介詞短語或句子子He works very hard.They held a party in Hollywood.賓語賓語補足語補足語邏輯上與賓語是主謂關(guān)系邏輯上與賓語是主謂關(guān)系形容詞，名詞，介詞形容詞，名詞，介詞短語等短語等She always keeps the house clean.主語謂語是基礎(chǔ)，賓表定狀補輔助。賓主來自名代數(shù)，動詞作謂不可無！主語謂語是基礎(chǔ)，賓表定狀補輔助

4、。賓主來自名代數(shù)，動詞作謂不可無！現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第三頁，共41頁1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主主語語謂謂語語定定語語賓賓語語同同位位語語狀狀語語現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第四頁，共41頁主語主語(Subject)：主語是一個句子所敘述的主體，常位于句首。主語是一個句子所敘述的主體，常位于句首。但在但在there be結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句（主語不是疑問詞時）和倒裝句中，結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句（主語不是疑問詞時）和倒裝句中，主語位于謂語、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后。主語可由下列結(jié)構(gòu)表示。主語位于謂語、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后。主語可由下列結(jié)構(gòu)表示。During the

5、 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名詞）（名詞）2) We often speak English in class.（代詞）（代詞）3) One-third of the students in this class are girls.（數(shù)詞）（數(shù)詞）4) The rich should help the poor.（名詞化的形容詞）（名詞化的形容詞）5) To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）（不定式）6) Smoking does har

6、m to the health.（動名詞）（動名詞）7) When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主語從句）（主語從句）8) It is necessary to master a foreign language. （it作形式主語，真正的主語為后面的不定式）作形式主語，真正的主語為后面的不定式）現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第五頁，共41頁2. 謂語謂語(Predicate)：謂語說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和謂語說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動詞在句中作謂語，一般放在主語之后。狀態(tài)。動詞在句中作謂語，一般放在

7、主語之后。 簡單謂語：簡單謂語：由一個動詞或動詞短語構(gòu)成由一個動詞或動詞短語構(gòu)成。 He practices running every morning.2) 復(fù)合謂語：復(fù)合謂語：（1）由情態(tài)動詞或其他助動詞加動詞原形構(gòu)成由情態(tài)動詞或其他助動詞加動詞原形構(gòu)成。 You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系動詞加表語構(gòu)成由系動詞加表語構(gòu)成。 We are students.現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第六頁，共41頁3. 表語表語(Predicative)：表語用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般表語用以說明主語的身份

8、、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系動詞（如位于系動詞（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）等）之后。表語一般由下列結(jié)構(gòu)表示。之后。表語一般由下列結(jié)構(gòu)表示。 1) Our teacher of English is an American.（名詞）（名詞）2) Is it yours?（代詞）（代詞）3) The weather has turned cold.（形容詞）（形容詞）4) The speech is exciting.（分詞）（分詞）5) Three times seven is twenty one?（數(shù)詞）（數(shù)詞）6) His job i

9、s to teach English.（不定式）（不定式）7) His hobby is playing football.（動名詞）（動名詞）8) The machine must be out of order.（介詞短語）（介詞短語）9) Time is up. The class is over.（副詞）（副詞）10) The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表語從句）（表語從句）現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第七頁，共41頁 在系動詞后的部分就是表語在系動詞后的部分就是表語 常見的系動詞有常見的系動詞有: be(am,is,are,were,was) 狀

10、態(tài)：狀態(tài)：seem, appear, prove - 感官：感官：smell, feel, taste, sound, look 變化：變化：become, get, turn, go, come, grow 持續(xù)：持續(xù)：remain, stay, keep,現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第八頁，共41頁4. 賓語賓語(Object)：賓語表示動作的對象或承愛者，一般位于及物賓語表示動作的對象或承愛者，一般位于及物動詞和介詞后面。動詞和介詞后面。賓語種類賓語種類：（1）雙賓語（間接賓語）雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語）直接賓語）Lend me your dictionary.（2）復(fù)合賓語（賓語）復(fù)合賓語（賓語+賓

11、補）賓補）They elected him their monitor. 1) They went to see an exhibition yesterday.（名詞）（名詞）2) The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代詞）（代詞）3) How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（數(shù)詞）（數(shù)詞）4) They helped the old with their housework yesterday. （名詞化形容詞）（名詞化形容詞）5) He pretend

12、ed not to see me.（不定式短語）（不定式短語）6) I enjoy listening to popular music.（動名詞短語）（動名詞短語）7) I think（that）he is fit for his office.（賓語從句）（賓語從句）8) He found it hard to solve the problem. （it作形式賓語，真正的賓語為后面的不定式）作形式賓語，真正的賓語為后面的不定式）現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第九頁，共41頁5. 賓語補足語賓語補足語(Object Complement)：英語中有些及物動詞，英語中有些及物動詞，除有一個直接賓語外，還要有一

13、個賓語補語，才能使句子的意除有一個直接賓語外，還要有一個賓語補語，才能使句子的意義完整。義完整。1) His father named him Dongming.（名詞）（名詞）2) They painted their boat white.（形容詞）（形容詞）3) Let the fresh air in.（副詞）（副詞）4) You mustnt force him to lend his money to you. （不定式短語）（不定式短語）5) We saw her entering the room.（現(xiàn)在分詞）（現(xiàn)在分詞）6) We found everything in th

14、e lab in good order.（介詞短語）（介詞短語）7) We will soon make our city what your city is now.（從句）（從句）現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第十頁，共41頁主動語態(tài)變成被動語態(tài)后主動語態(tài)變成被動語態(tài)后,賓語補足語變成主補賓語補足語變成主補. I last saw him playing near the river.He was last seen playing near the river.The teacher caught the student cheating in the examThe student was caught

15、 cheating in the exam We made him monitor.He was made monitor.He pushed the door open.The door was pushed open.現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第十一頁，共41頁6. 定語定語(Attribute)：修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。 1) Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容詞）（形容詞）2) China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分詞）（分詞）

16、3) There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名詞）（名詞）4) His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代詞）（代詞）5) Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom. （不定式短語）（不定式短語）6) The teaching plan for next term has been worked out. （動名詞）（動名詞）7) He is reading an article about how to lear

17、n English. （介詞短語）（介詞短語）8) He has a sister who works in Hong Kong. (定語從句定語從句) 現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第十二頁，共41頁7. 狀語狀語(adverbial modifier)：修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子，說明動作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語。句子，說明動作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語。 1) Light travels most quickly.（副詞及副詞性詞組）（副詞及副詞性詞組）2) He has lived in the city for ten years.（介詞短語）（介詞短語）3

18、) He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短語）（不定式短語）4) He is in the room making a model plane.（分詞短語）（分詞短語）5) Wait a minute.（名詞）（名詞）6) Once you begin, you must continue.（狀語從句）（狀語從句）現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第十三頁，共41頁狀語有如下狀語有如下10種：種： 1) How about meeting again at six?（時間）（時間）2) Last night

19、 she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因）（原因）3) I shall go there if it doesnt rain.（條件）（條件）4) Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地點）（地點）5) She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式）（方式）6) She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴隨）（伴隨）7)In order to catch up with the oth

20、ers, I must work harder. （目的）（目的）8) He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（結(jié)果）（結(jié)果）9) She works very hard though she is old.（讓步）（讓步）10) I am taller than he is.（比較）（比較）現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第十四頁，共41頁指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分 1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I s

21、hall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting together early in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10.

22、His wish is to become a scientist.現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第十五頁，共41頁指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分 11. He managed to finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. He found it important to master English.14. Do you have anything else to say?15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.16. Wou

23、ld you please tell me your address?17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.19. He noticed a man enter the room.20. The apples tasted sweet.現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第十六頁，共41頁v1) Mr. Lee is a well-known scientist.v2) He reads newspapers everyday.v3) Two and ten is tw

24、elve.v4) Smoking is harmful to the health.v5) To swim in that pool is a great pleasure.v6) What we shall do next is not yet decided.現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第十七頁，共41頁 v1) The new term begins on the 1st of September.v2) I would like to invite all my friends here. v3) I have tried this way three times. v4) We should pay

25、 attention to the English idioms. v5) He is working in the garden. 現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第十八頁，共41頁v1)Wangs father is a doctor. （名詞）（名詞）v2) He is always careless. （形容詞）（形容詞）v3) The basketball match is on. （副詞）（副詞）v4) All the pupils are on the playground now. （介詞短語）（介詞短語）v5) Our aim is to win more medals. （不定式）（不定式）v

26、6) His work is teaching French. （動名詞短語）（動名詞短語）v7) The question is who can really repair the machines.v （從句）（從句）現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第十九頁，共41頁v1) Wang Ling lent me a novel to read in the bus.v2) The medicine is good for this boy.v3) Do you understand what I mean?v4) My little sister always likes to ask questions.v5

27、) Would you mind coming earlier tomorrow?現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第二十頁，共41頁vI found it difficult to finish the task in time.vDo you consider it any good sending more people there?vWe have made it clear that we disagreed. Wang Ling lent me a novel to read in the bus. 現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第二十一頁，共41頁。 vMary is a chemistry teacher. vHe

28、is our friend. vWe belong to the third world. vHe was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.vThe man over there is my old friend. 現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第二十二頁，共41頁The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. The boys playing football are in Class 2. The trees planted last year are growing well now. I have an ide

29、a to do it well. You should do everything that I do. 現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第二十三頁，共41頁v1) She sings quite well. （副詞）（副詞）v2) On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom. （介詞短語）（介詞短語）v3) Arriving there, call me up. v4) The boy needs a pen to do his homework. v5) If I have some spare time, I will take up German.v6

30、) He is very handsome. 現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第二十四頁，共41頁 He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room. He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. 現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第二十五頁，共41頁vWe elected him monitor. （名詞）（名詞） vWe will make them happy. （形容詞）（形容詞） vWe found nobody in. ( 副詞作賓補副詞作賓補)vPlease make yourself at hom

31、e. （介詞短語）（介詞短語）vDont let him do that. （?。ㄊo不定式名詞）不定式名詞）vHis father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. v（帶（帶to不定式名詞）不定式名詞）vDont keep the fire burning. （現(xiàn)在分詞名詞）（現(xiàn)在分詞名詞） vIll have my bike repaired. （過去分詞名詞）（過去分詞名詞）現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第二十六頁，共41頁The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours./教室里的男孩需要你的一支鋼筆。T

32、he boy in blue is Tom./穿蘭色衣服的孩子是湯姆。There are two boys of 9,and three of 10./有兩個9歲的，三個10歲的男孩。 名詞名詞：The boy needs a ball pen./男孩需要一支圓珠筆。There is only one ball pen in the pencil box./這鉛筆盒里只有一支圓珠筆。 副詞副詞：The boy there needs a pen./那兒的男孩需要一支鋼筆。The best boy here is Tom./這里最棒的男孩是Tom。 不定式不定式：The boy to write

33、 this letter needs a pen./寫這封信的男孩需要一支鋼筆。There is nothing to do today./今天無事要做。 分詞（短語）分詞（短語）：The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother./那個微笑的男孩需要一支他媽媽買的鋼筆。The pen bought by her is made in China./她買的筆是中國產(chǎn)的。There are five boys left./有五個留下的男孩。 The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought

34、yesterday./那個在閱讀的男孩需要你昨天買的鋼筆。The boy you will know is Tom./你將認識的男孩叫湯姆。There are five boys who will play the game./參加游戲的男孩有五個。 現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第二十七頁，共41頁 介詞短語：In the classroom,the boy needs a pen./在教室里，男孩需要一支鋼筆。（地點）Before his mother,Tom is always a boy./在母親面前,湯姆總是一個男孩子.(條件)On Sundays,there is no student in the

35、 classroom./星期天,教室里沒有學(xué)生.(時間) 分詞（短語）分詞（短語）He sits there,asking for a pen./他坐在那兒要一支筆。（表示伴隨狀態(tài)）Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen./因為不得不完成作業(yè)，男孩需要一支筆。（原因）Frightened,he sits there soundlessly./（因為）受了驚嚇，他無聲地坐在那兒。（原因） 不定式不定式：The boy needs a pen to do his homework./男孩需要一支筆寫家庭作業(yè)。（目的）To make his

36、 dream come true,Tom becomes very interested in business./為實現(xiàn)夢想,湯姆變得對商業(yè)很有興趣. 名詞：Come this way!/走這條路?。ǚ较驙钫Z） 現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第二十八頁，共41頁 (二) 選出句中謂語（10分， 10分鐘） I dont like the picture on the wall. A. dont B. like C. picture D. wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summ

37、er Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C.go D. bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A.Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第二十九頁，共41頁 Tom didnt do his homework

38、yesterday. A. Tom B. didnt C. do D. his homework What I want to tell you is this. A. want B. to tell C. you D. is We had better send for a doctor. A. We B. had C. send D. doctor He is interested in music. A. is B. interested C. in D. music Whom did you give my book to? A. give B.did C. whom D. book現(xiàn)

39、在學(xué)習(xí)的是第三十頁，共41頁 (三) 挑出下列句中的賓語（10分，10分鐘） My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitti

40、ng at the gate said he was ill. They made him monitor of the class. Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. You will find it useful after you leave school. They didnt know who Father Christmas really is.現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第三十一頁，共41頁 (四) 挑出下列句中的表語（5分， 5分鐘） The old man was feeling very tired

41、. Why is he worried about Jim? The leaves have turned yellow. Soon They all became interested in the subject. She was the first to learn about it.現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第三十二頁，共41頁 (五) 挑出下列句中的定語（6分，6分鐘） They use Mr, Mrs with the family name. What is your given name? On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. I am afra

42、id some people forgot to sweep the floor. The man downstairs was trying to sleep. I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第三十三頁，共41頁 (六) 挑出下列句中的賓語補足語（6分， 6分鐘） She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it

43、difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr Wang get on the bus. Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第三十四頁，共41頁 (七) 挑出下列句中的狀語（8分， 8分鐘） There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn English when he w

44、as eleven. The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast. With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. She loves the library because she loves books. I am afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it. The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第三十五頁，共41頁 (八) 劃出句中的直接