SAP項目需要多少人來支持

1、附件三：您需要多少人來支持SAP項目？眾所周知，實施R/3費用很高，但是長期支持費用有多少？請用下文中Gartner的"rules of thumb" 來算一下，如果采用SAP系統(tǒng)你需要多少人來支持？與您原來估算的差距有多大？同高昂的長期支持費用相比，初期實施費用根本算不了什么！原文：" Managing Enterprise Applications: From Packages To Productivity ", GartnerGroup Europe Symposium proceedings, Cannes, France, November

2、2-5, 1998, Fred Magee主題：企業(yè)管理軟件運用：從軟件包到生產(chǎn)力的轉化Gartner 集團歐洲區(qū)會議記錄。地點：法國戛納 時間：1998年11月2號到5號。To develop a rough estimate for the size of an ERP implementation staff, usefive person months per concurrent user and normalize based on estimatedproject length.基于標準的項目實施周期和每并發(fā)用戶需五人月來粗略估計ERP實施的所需人工規(guī)模。 SAP Impleme

3、ntation Staff % By RoleRoles Avg % Range %ESP Avg %When UsedTraining-Methodology31-1220Technical Architecture71-2747Gap Analysis30-1428Module Configuration6140-8224Interfaces70-3542Custom Extensions50-2138Data Conversion60-1841Testing/QA84-1922 任 務行業(yè)平均占總人天的比例%行業(yè)范圍 的平均使用中培訓-方法論31-1220技術體系71-2747差異分析3

4、0-1428總體設置6140-8224接口70-3542客戶化50-2138數(shù)據(jù)轉換60-1841質量測試84-1922Total Staff Size "Coarse" Rule of Thumb : 5 Person-Months per Concurrent UserSource: Gartner Measurement Selected Benchmark DataNote : ESP = Enterprise Service Providers, eg Big Six's and large SI's依“Rule of Thumb”規(guī)則粗略估算出人

5、員規(guī)模：每并發(fā)用戶所需五人月。資料來源：Gartner 集團的測量基準數(shù)據(jù)。備注：ESP為企業(yè)服務提供商。例如國際六大咨詢服務商。 There is no "correct" size for an ERP implementation team, there are simplytoo many variables involved. However, having said that some data is betterthan none. Using twelve selected Gartner Measurement SAP benchmarks, thevar

6、iability in staffing quickly becomes apparent. Core implementation teamsizes ranged from 24 to 161 with implementation elapsed times ranging from10 to 48 months. No obvious meaningful correlation was present in the data, e.g. number of modules, number of instances, degree of customizationor number o

7、f interfaces. However, looking back at the implementation usingoperational concurrent users as a metric, a correlation was found. A"coarse" rule of thumb is 5 person months per concurrent user. Estimationsof project duration and concurrent users would lead to an overall estimatefor staff s

8、ize. A rough approximation for concurrent users would be 1:6named users.對于一個ERP系統(tǒng)實施團隊的大小而言，沒有標準答案，因為在實際情況中涉及太多不定因素。有人說有數(shù)據(jù)總比沒有的好。引用十二組Gartner公司的測量SAP實施基準數(shù)據(jù)為例，基中人員配備可變因素變得明顯。根據(jù)SAP以往項目實施時間的情況看，其核心實施隊伍規(guī)模一般從24人到161人，實施時間范圍從10個月到48個月。在數(shù)據(jù)中沒有反映明顯意義的相關性，例如產(chǎn)品的模塊數(shù)、方案實例數(shù)、客戶化程度或接口等。但是，運用并發(fā)用戶的測量標準來回顧項目的實施，就可以發(fā)現(xiàn)它們

9、的相關性。單憑此經(jīng)驗粗略估算，每并發(fā)用戶需五人月，估計項目持續(xù)的時間和并發(fā)用戶有可以估計項目組的大小規(guī)模，一個粗略的近似數(shù)是：每并發(fā)用戶：命名用戶=1：6For the 8 staff roles measured, the data indicates a wide range of usage,with configuration dominating share of staff. Approximately half the casesused ESP for certain roles and when they did the averages indicatedsignifica

10、nt portions of work being outsourced. (.)Staffing sizes vary widely by organization, but can be correlated to two keyparameters, concurrent users and the industry standard Unix metric例如以8個人員任務為基準，數(shù)據(jù)顯示了一個很大的以配置來控制人員分配的使用范圍，約近一半案例使用了ESP任務，當外包重要的工作部分時，他們使用所顯視的平均數(shù)人員規(guī)模配置的變化受組織影響，但與并發(fā)用戶和相關工業(yè)應用標準的兩個關鍵參數(shù)有關聯(lián)

11、。SPECmark92 benchmark. 以SPECmark92為基準SAP Support Staff EFT Metrics SAP 支持人員，EFT標準Application Avg RangeProcess Owners191-57Super Users20-10Programmers82-22IS Support40-15Infrastructure AvgRangeOperations61-18Tech Services91-28Help Desk10-8Network10-3應 用平 均 數(shù)范 圍控制者191-57超級用戶20-10程序員82-22技術支持40-15基礎應用平

12、 均 數(shù)范 圍操作61-18技術服務91-28桌面幫助10-8網(wǎng)絡10-3Rules Of Thumb :- Application Support EFT/100 Concurrent Users : Average = 8, Range = 4 - 18- Infrastructure Support EFT/1000 SPECmark92 : Average = 3.5, Range = 2 - 6單憑經(jīng)驗的規(guī)則：-應用軟件支持EFT/100并發(fā)用戶數(shù)。平均=8，范圍=4 18- 基礎軟件支持EFT/1000 SPECmark92 平均=3.5，范圍=2-5Application sup

13、port covers staff that deal with user issues regardingapplications, e.g. minor enhancements, bug fixes, report writing andquestions regarding application functionality. Many companies draw from thesame pool of SAP-skilled resources for both implementation and support.應用軟件支持工作人員能處理有關軟件應用用戶問題，例如：初級入門、

14、錯誤修復。、報告的編寫和應用軟件功能問題的反映。許多公司從SAP熟練的經(jīng)驗中獲得實施和支持方面的幫助。Infrastructure staffing includes technical services personnel such as the Basissupport team, systems programmers, capacity planners and performanceexperts. Also included are operations staff such as console operators, jobschedulers and tape operator

15、s. We see no great difference in infrastructurestaffing between SAP implementations and other client/server environmentswhen we look at common metrics such as support headcount per unit ofcapacity.基礎應用人員有技術服務人員，例如技術支持小組、系統(tǒng)程序員、生產(chǎn)量計劃員、執(zhí)行專家等。同時亦包括相關操作人員，例如控制臺操作員，工作日程計劃員、數(shù)據(jù)備份員。當我們回顧其共同機制、標準如每容量單位的支持人員時，

16、我們發(fā)現(xiàn)在SAP實施和其他客戶/服務環(huán)境之間的基本應用人員并沒太多的不同。Two rules of thumb emerge from the selected benchmark data. Total EFT forapplication support is correlated to concurrent users, similar to what wasdone earlier for implementation. Infrastructure support is better correlatedto server capacity since this measures i

17、nfrastructure size. The relevantSPECint numbers are drawn from the Unix industry standard SPECmark92benchmark.單憑經(jīng)驗的兩個規(guī)則出現(xiàn)于被選基準數(shù)據(jù)中，。EFT應用支持是與并發(fā)用戶相關聯(lián)，類似于早期為實施所做的東西?；A支持與服務器容量之間的關系更密切，因為服務器容量可以測量支持隊伍的規(guī)模。相關的SPECint 數(shù)據(jù)從工業(yè)生產(chǎn)標準基準數(shù)據(jù)中抽取。Variance in infrastructure costs among SAP users is over 3 to 1. (For th

18、etwelve SAP installations, monthly costs per 1,000 dialog steps : range from25 to 90 USD).在SAP的用戶之間的基本費用差異是SAP用戶包含基礎結構成本（對SAP十二安裝產(chǎn)品，每一千個對話點每月的成本）。基礎設施成本里的變化是31倍以上。SAP12每1,000對話的每月的成本：從2590 USD的范圍。The hardware costs here include lease, maintenance and depreciation for allservers. Software includes SAP, DBMS and related software, with purchasecosts depreciated over three years. Staff costs are salaries and benefitsfor the infrastructure staff. Most SAP shops have mirrored their productiondatabase