(word完整版)高中狀語從句導學案

1、狀語從句13思維導圖易考易錯點總結(jié) 狀語從句包括時間狀語從句、地點狀語從句、條件狀語從句、讓步狀語從句、原因狀 語從句、 目的狀語從句和結(jié)果狀語從句。 對狀語從句的考查主要集中在連接詞上， 尤其要重 視 as, until, before, since, when, in case 等連詞的各種語義功能和語法功能。具體來說主要包 括： 1考查狀語從句的連接詞。要掌握各個連詞的含義及其用法，還有它們之間的區(qū)別。如：時間狀語的連詞有 while, when ，as，as soon as，until ，not until ，before, after, since 等；條件狀語從句的連詞有 if ，

2、 unless, in case, on condition that, provided (that), supposing, suppose (that)等；結(jié)果狀語從句的連詞有 so that(如此以至于 ), such that(如此以 至于 )等。2考查固定搭配和習慣用法的連接詞。如：no soonerthan，hardlywhen，scarcelybefore，the moment/minute ，directly 。 3考查不同性質(zhì)的連詞在不同的語境中所表達的不同意義。如： as既能引導時間狀語從句，又能引導原因狀語從句和讓步狀語從句；where 能引導地點狀語從句和定語從句等。

3、4考查狀語從句的時態(tài)。 主要考查在時間、 條件、讓步狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來及用一般過去時代替過去 將來時的用法。5考查狀語從句的省略。在時間、原因、條件、方式、讓步等狀語從句中，常常省略相同的主語或作主語的代詞it 以及 be動詞，保留現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、介詞短語、不定式等成分。如果從句中有“it is形容詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，也可以省略it is。6考查狀語從句、賓語從句、簡單句和并列句的句式結(jié)構(gòu)。如： when 引導時間狀語從句意為“當?shù)臅r候” ，引導賓語從句意為“什么時候” ； if 引導條件狀語從句意為“如果” ，引導賓語從句意為“是否”等。一狀語含義：修飾 _詞、 詞、 詞或 ，說明動作或

4、狀態(tài)特征的句子成分 .二狀語從句：在主從復合句中做狀語的從句。結(jié)構(gòu)為：句子+引導詞作狀語。如：He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China. 三狀語從句分類： 時間狀語從句 地點狀語從句 原因狀語從句 條件狀語從句 目的狀語從句 結(jié)果狀語從句 方式狀語從句 比較狀語從句 讓步狀語從句狀語從句名 稱常用連詞時間When, while, as,as soon as, hardly when, no sooner than, scarcely.w since(自從),once,whenever, before, after ,till

5、, until, the moment(the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly,instantly,),by the time, every time, each time, as long as(=so long as)地點Where, wherever條件If, unless, once(一旦就),in case(that)(萬一) ,so long as(as long as),on condition that ,as far as(so far as)原因Because, since既( 然),now th

6、at, as , ,seeing that看( 到 ),considering that(考 慮到)結(jié)果Such(a, an) that, so that, so, so that, that目的So that in order that, for fear that, in case(以防，以免)讓步Though, although, as, ever if= even though, whatever, whenever, wherever, however, whichever, whoever, whomever, no matter what, no matter when, no

7、matter where, no matter how no matter which, no matter who, no matter whom, whether or not= whethero不r n管ot( 與否 )比較Asas, not so/as as, more than, less than方式As, just as, as if=as though練習題1. While I was walking along the street, I found many beatiful buildings ( )2. Where there is a will, there is a

8、 way. ()3. Now that/Since everybody is here, le't s begin our meeting. ()4. I'll speak slowly so that you can understand me. ()5. So clever was he that he was able to work out all the difficult problems. ( )6. As long as you don't lose heart, you' ll succeed. ()7. Try as he might, he

9、 could not find a job. ()8. The old lady treats the boy as if he were his own son. ()9. He is taller than I am.(一 . 時間狀語從句時間狀語從句常用 1)When, while, as, 2)as soon as, hardlywhen/before , no soonerthan, scarcely.when,whenever3)since(自從 ),once, before, after ,till, until,4) the moment(the minute, the sec

10、ond, the instant, the day,the year ,)by the time, every time, each time,next time，any time . the first time ,the second time 5) immediately, instantly，directly), 等詞來引導。例如：It was raining hard I got to school yesterday. he was doing his homework, the telephone rang. he walked along the lake, he sang h

11、appily.He had learned a little Chinese he came to China. he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory.He was ill I saw him.No sooner had she heard the news he cried.1. 連接詞 when 的用法小結(jié)1) when 可用來引導時間狀語從句，意為“當?shù)臅r候”從句的謂語動詞可以 是 ，也可以是 的。如： the film ended, they went back. I lived there, I used to

12、 go to the seashore on Sundays.2) . When 常用于下列句式：意為“就在那時”。如：was doing somethingwhenwas about to dowhenwas on the point of doing sth. whenhad donewhen3) when 可以表“既然”，如：How can I help them to understand they wo'n t listen to me?練習題 -填空1.We were swimming in the lake suddenly the storm started.2. He

13、 was about to tell me the secret someone patted him on the shoulder.3. He transplanted the little tree to the garden it was the best time for it.4. Did Jack come back early last night? Yes. It was not yet eight o'clock he arrived home.5. He was about halfway through his meal a familiar voice cam

14、e to his ears.2. 連接詞 while 的用法小結(jié)1. while 可用來引導時間狀語，意為“ ”；引導的動作必須是 _，如：Please don' t talk so loud others are working.2. while 作為并列連詞，意為“ ”，表示對比。Jane was dressed in brown Mary was dressed in blue.3. while也可用來引導讓步狀語，意為“ ”；相當于 _ I admit that the problems are difficult , I don 't agree that they

15、can' t be solved.4 趁的情況趕緊做 , 否則來不及了Strike the iron is hot.練習1. The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain, the quality oflife is probably one of the highest.A. sinceB. when C. as D. while2. I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person.A. WhileB. Since C. Befor

16、e D. Unless3. it is true that a student's most important goal is to do well in his or herstudies, it doesn't need to be the only goal.A when B As C While D Before4. Mary made coffeeher guests were finishing their meal.全（ 國 ）A. so thatB. althoughC. while D. as if3. as用法小結(jié)1. 引導時間狀語從句：強調(diào)同時發(fā)生或緊接

17、著發(fā)生，動作無先后。當時候 一邊一邊 隨著2. 引導原因狀語從句： 3. 引導方式狀語從句： _4. 引導讓步狀語從句： , 必須用 5. 引導比較狀語從句： as as6. 引導定語從句： 7. 介詞： 練習題猜測詞義， as 用法小結(jié)1. As I left the house, I forgot the key.2. As I get older, I get more optimistic.3. He hurried home, looking behind as he went.4. As the weather is so bad, we have to stay home.5.

18、You can do it as you like.6. Old as he is, he is still energetic.7. He speaks English as fluently as a native speaker.4.比較 while, when, as類別作用例句asas 表示 “當 的時候 ”，往往和 when/ while 通用， 但它著重強調(diào)主 句與從句的動作或事情同時或幾 乎同時發(fā)生。She came up as I was cooking.（ 同時 ） The runners started as the gun went off.（ 幾乎同時 ）when(a

19、t or during the time that ) 既可以表 示在某一點的時候，又可表示在某 一段時間內(nèi)，主句與從句的動作或 事情可以同時發(fā)生也可以先后發(fā) 生。It was raining when we arrived.（ 指時 間點）When we were at school, we went to the library every day.（ 在一段時間內(nèi) ）whilewhile 意思是 “當 的時候 ”或 “在 某一段時間里 ”。主句中的動作或事Please don ' t talk so loud while others are working.情在從句中的動作或事

20、情的進展 過程中發(fā)生，從句中的動詞一般要 用延續(xù)性動詞。在 when 表示 a period of time 時，兩者可以互換。He fell asleep while/when reading. Strike while the iron is hot.（用 as 或 when 不可，這里的 while 意思是 “趁”）注意事項：a. as, when 引導短暫性動作的動詞。例如：Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to m我e. 一剎車， 有 一個人向我走來。b. 當從句的動作發(fā)生于主句動作之前，只能用 wh

21、en 引導這個從句，不可 用 as 或 while 。例如：When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.c. 從句表示 "隨時間推移 " 連詞能用 as，不用 when 或 while。例如： As the day went on, the weather got worse. 日子一天天過去， 天氣越變越壞。 練習題 -用 while, when, as 填空： I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of the stor

22、e. John arrived, I was cooking lunch. he grew older, he lost interest in everything except gardening. How can he get good grades he won 't study? （ 他不好好學習卻能得高分， 他是怎么做到的？ When 表示雖然 ） I was wandering through the street I caught sight of a tailor ' s shop. the grandparents love the children, th

23、ey are strict with them.對比練習 1. We were about to leave it began to rain.2. She thought I was talking about her son, , in fact, I was talking about my son.3. Hardly had I finished my composition the bell rang.A. whenB. while C. as D. during5. 引導時間狀語從句的連接詞除上述外還有：till, until 和 not until1.until/till 從句用

24、于肯定句時，主句的動詞是延續(xù)性動作，意為“ ”。如： We waiteduntil/till he came.2用于否定句時，主句謂語動詞是非延續(xù)性動詞，意為“ ”。如： He won ' t go tobed until her father returns.3 till 不可以置于句首，而 until 可以。如： Until you told me I had no idea of it.4not until 句型中的強調(diào)和倒裝說法：It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.Not until you told m

25、e did I have any idea of it. 練習題1. Was his father very strict with him when he was at school?Yes. He had never praised him he became one of the top students inhis grade.A. after B. unless C. until D. when2. (03 上海) A good storyteller must be able to hold listeners ' curiosity hereaches the end o

26、f the story.A. when B. unless C. after D. until3. It was not she took off her dark glasses I realized she was a famousfilm star.A. when; that B. until; that C. until; when D. when; then6. 連接詞 before 的小結(jié)說出 before 含義1 We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.2 We hadn't run a mil

27、e before he felt tired.3 Please write it down before you forget it.4 Before I could get in a word, he had measured me.before 的有關(guān)句型1) It will be/ 段時間 before“還要過多久才”It will be two years before he leaves the country.2) It was +時間段 +before 從句 (動作已發(fā)生)It was three weeks before he came back3) It will not b

28、e long before “不多久就會”It won' t be long before she comes back4) It was not long before“不多久就了”如： It wasn't long before he left the country.5) It is時間 since如：It is three years since she was in the army.It is three years since she joined the army.7. since 的用法1) . I have returned home four times

29、since I came here.2) . She has been working here since he left school.3) . I have seen her twice since he lived here.4) . It is three years since the war broke out.5) . It was years since I had seen her.譯： 總結(jié)：It is +some time + since + did.It was +some time + since+ had done.練習題1. He made a mistake,

30、 but then he corrected the situation it got worse.A. untilB. whenC. before D. as2. Scientists say it may be five or six years it is possible to test this medicineon human patients.A. since B. after C. before D. when3. Why didn' t you tell him about the meeting? He rushed out of the roomI could s

31、ay a word.A. beforeB. until C. when D. after4. It is almost five years we saw each other last time.A. beforeB. since C. after D. Because對比練習1. It will be years we meet again.2. It is ten years I came to this town.3. It is ten years ago I came to this town.A. whenB. thatC. beforeD. since8. hardly / s

32、carcely W/bheefonre , no sooner than, as soon表 as示 “一 就 ”， once（一旦 ）.如果 hardly 或 no sooner 或 scarcely 置于句首，句子必須倒裝。Hardly /scarcely had I got home when it began to rain. I have finished it , I'll give you a call. you show any fear, he will attack you.We had hardly got into the country it began to

33、 rain.=when it began to rain.用部分倒裝 ）No sooner had he arrived / He had no sooner arrived she started complaining.9. directly, immediately,instantly , the moment, the minute 一就 He made for the door he heard the knock.10. 一些含有 time 的名詞短語，如 the first /second/last time,every time, each time, next time, b

34、y the time 等，也可引導時間狀語從句。The first time I drove the car, I felt very nervous.Next time you come, please bring your composition. 注意：表示未來情況，主句用將來時，從句用現(xiàn)在時。 在時間和條件從句中， 主句是一般將來時， 從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時表示一般將來 或者用現(xiàn)在完成表示將來完成。e.g. We'll go outing if it doesn 't rain tomorrow.I' ll write to you as soon as I ge

35、t to Shanghai.Don't get off the bus until the bus has stopped .練習題1. Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her? Yes. I gave it to her I saw her.A. whileB. the moment C. suddenly D. although2. I thought her nice and honest I met her.A. first timeB. for the first timeC. the first timeD.

36、 by the first time3. entered the office when he realized that he had forgotten his report.A. He hardly hadB. Had he hardlyC. Hardly had heD. Hardly he had二 . 條件狀語從句引導狀語從句的連接詞有 :If “如果” , unless 相當于 if not “除非，如果不” , as /so long as只要, in case假 使, 如果, provided/providing( that), 假如 Suppose/supposing( t

37、hat)假, 如, on condition that條件是 As (so) far as - 據(jù)所知 given ( that),鑒于、考慮1.if “如果”，表示正面的條件 .“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陳述句” 在意思上相當于 一個帶有條件狀語從句的復合句。例如：Hurry up, or you 'll be late.=If you don't hurry up, you'll be late.Study hard and you will pass the exam.=If you study hard, you will pass the exam.

38、If you work harder,you will succeed.Work harder, you will succeed.Work harder, you won't succeed. harder,you will succeed.2. on condition that, suppose(that), supposing (that)(假如)in case(萬一),provided (that), providing (that)倘若)等也可引導條件狀語從句。e.g.You may borrow the book, that you do not lend it to o

39、thers. (that)I don 't have a day off, what shall ？we do (that) there is no opposition, I will act as the representative of our school. 練習題1. I can see, there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger.A. Because B. As far as C. If D. Even if2.I always take something to read when I go

40、to the docto'r s I have to wait.Ain caseBso thatCin order Das if三. 讓步狀語從句引導詞有 though, although ，even though, even if, as( 倒裝),while(盡管)whoever, whatever, however, no matter=what/when/who/how, whether oertc.1) though, although 引導的讓步狀語從句，后面的從句不能有 _，但是可和 (and)yet可連用。例如：Although it's raining, th

41、ey are still working in the field.He is very old, but he still works very hard.Though the sore may be healed, yet a scar may remain傷. 口雖愈合，但傷疤留下了。2) as引導的讓步從句必須表語或狀語提前(形容詞、副詞、分詞、實義動詞提 前)。例如： Child as he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. Though也可以用于倒裝，但其可倒裝可不倒裝。Child though he was, he knew

42、 what was the right thing to do.3) ever if, even though 即使。 例如： Well make a trip even though the weather is bad.4) whether or 不管都。例如： Whether you believe it or not, it is true.5) "no matter +疑問詞" 或"疑問詞+后綴 ever" 。例如：No matter what happened, he would not mind. =Whatever happened, h

43、e would not mind.替換 no matter what = whatever no matter who = whoever no matter when = whenever no matter where = wherever no matter which = whichever no matter how = however(+形容詞 /副詞 +主 語+謂語) 注意： no matter 不能引導主語從句和賓語從句。6) while 也可一代讓步狀語從句，意思是 “盡管 ” e.g.While I admit his good points, I can see his

44、shortcomings. 練習題1. I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person.A. WhileB. SinceC. BeforeD. Unless2. Allow children the space to voice their opinions, they are different from yourown.A. until B. even if C. unless D. as though3. He tried his best to solve the problem, _ difficult i

45、t was.A. howeverB. no matter C. whatever D although4. The old tower must be saved, the cost.Ahowever B whatever C whichever D wherever5. English and French are taught here. You can choose you like.A. no matter which B. whicheverD. Whatever對比練習1. He would have a look at the bookstores he went to town

46、.2. We decide to finish the work on time, happens.3. If we work with a strong will, we overcome any difficulty, great it is.4. I'll give the book to likes English.A. whenever B. Whoever C. whatever D. however四 結(jié)果狀語從句1.結(jié)果狀語從句常由 so that ,so that或 suchthat 引導。sothat與 suchthat 之間可以轉(zhuǎn)換。例如：The boy is s

47、o young that he cant go to school. =He is such a young boy that he can t go to schoolThere is not much noise here so that I feel very comfortable.2. so that ,such that 的區(qū)別： So為副詞，修飾形容詞或副詞，不能修飾 名詞； such 是形容詞，用來修飾名詞。常見結(jié)構(gòu)有：2) such+ a +adj名詞 +that clause such+(adj)+名詞復數(shù)3) so +adj./adv. +that clause4) so

48、 + many/few + 復數(shù)名詞 +that clausemuch/little (少) +不可數(shù)名詞e.g.Mike is _ an honest worker that we all believe him.(= Mike is _honest an worker that we all believe him).It is good weather that we all want to go out.He earned little money that he couldn't support himself.It's not surprising that lit

49、tle child can manage it.注意：so that 表 示 目 的 和 結(jié) 果 的 區(qū) 別 ： 目 的 狀 語 從 句 謂 語 常 含 有 can/could/may/might/will/would 等情態(tài)動詞。They set out early so that they might arrive in time. （）They set out early so that they arrived in time（. ）五.原因狀語從句 引導詞有 because, since, now that,（既然 ） as 和 for 比較 because, since, as和

50、for ：1）because語勢最強，用來說明人所不知的原因，回答 why 提出的問題。當原 因是顯而易見的或已為人們所知，就用 as 或 since。例如：I didn t go, because I was afraid.Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.2）由 because引導的從句如果放在句末，且前面有逗號，則可以用 for 來代替。 但如果不是說明直接原因，而是多種情況加以推斷，就只能用for 。例如：He is absent today, because/ for he is ill. He

51、 must be ill, for he is absent today.3）since 表示對方已經(jīng)知曉，無需加以說明的原因或事實，語氣比because弱。I'll do it for you since you are busy.4）now that 意為“既然”，與 since同義，但更突出事實本身。Now that I am well again, I can go on with my work.5）as表示的往往是十分明顯的原因，聽者或讀者已經(jīng)知道或可以看出來，語氣 較弱，比較口語化。As you object, I'll change my plan.六.目的狀語

52、從句表示目的狀語的從句可以由 so that, in order that, les（t 以防， 免得，以免）, for fear that（以防，免得，以免） , in case（以防，免得，以免）等詞引導。例如：You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.你 必須大點 聲，別人就能聽見了。He wrote the name down for fear that（lest） he should forget it. 他寫下了這個 名字以免以后忘記。a.目的狀語從句謂語常含有 can/could/ma

53、y/might/will/would 等情態(tài)動詞。 b.連接詞“ in case， lest， for fear that”可以用來引導虛擬語氣。 其形式通常為： “ lest （in case， for fear that） + 主語 + should + 動詞原形” 。Lest， for fear that 句中的 should 可以省去， in case 句中的 should 通常不省去，但是 in case 句中可以不用虛擬語氣，而用陳述語氣。 Lest， for fear that 后面也可以接其他 形式。例如：He took his coat with him in case it

54、 should rain.他帶著雨衣以防下雨。I will not make a noise for fear that I （ should/ might） disturb you.我不會做聲的， 以免打擾你。Care must be taken in using this method lest overflow（ should） occur.在使用這以方法的時候要謹慎小心，以免發(fā)生溢流現(xiàn)象七 . 比較狀語從句比較狀語從句通常由 asas, not as/soas,than, the morethe more引導。1) as/soas e.g Tom is as tall as John.

55、 Tom is not so/as tall as John. 注意： as as既可以用于肯定句又可以用于否定句 ; soas只用于否定句。2) than e.g He runs faster than I (run).3) the morethe more e.g The harder he tries, the better result he will get.八 . 方式狀語從句方式狀語從句通常由 as if,; as though; as,（; just） as ,so 引,導。1）as,（ just） as so引導的方式狀語從句通常位于主句后， 但在（ just） asso 結(jié)

56、構(gòu)中位于句首，這時 as從句帶有比喻的含義，意思是 " 正如"，" 就像"，多用 于正式文體。例如：Always do to the others as you would be done by.你 希望人家怎樣待你，你就 要怎樣待人。As water is to fish, so air is to man.Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds. 2）as if, as though兩者的意義和用法相同，引出的狀語從句謂語多用虛擬語氣，表

57、示與事實相 反，有時也用陳述語氣，表示所說情況是事實或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性較大。漢譯常作 " 仿佛似的"，"好像似的"。例如：They completely ignore these facts as if （as though） they never existed.他們完全忽略了這些事實，就仿佛它不存在似的。 （與事實相反，謂語用虛 擬語氣。）He looks as if （as though） he had been hit by lighting.他那樣子就像被雷擊了似的。（與事實相反，謂語用虛擬語氣。） It looks as if the weathe