初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法冠詞

1、初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法講解冠詞一、冠詞的概念 冠詞是一個(gè)虛詞,它置于名詞之前,限定名詞的意義.冠詞可分為定冠詞,不定冠詞和零冠詞三類.二、不定冠詞：a/an1.a用于輔音發(fā)音開(kāi)頭的詞前，而不是輔音字母前面, 如：a book, a desk; 有些單詞雖然是以元音字母開(kāi)頭，但需用a修飾，這些單詞可以連成一句話：In a university, a European united a one-eyed man to steal a useful thing, then ran away along a one-way road. This is a usual thing.在一所大學(xué)里，一個(gè)歐洲人聯(lián)合獨(dú)眼

2、龍偷了一件有用的東西，然后沿著一條單行道逃跑了。這是一件平常的事。2.an用于元音發(fā)音開(kāi)頭的詞前，而不是元音字母前，如：an apple, an hour.有些單詞雖然是以輔音字母開(kāi)頭，但發(fā)音卻是以元音開(kāi)頭，這些單詞可以連成一句話：An hour ago, an honest man accepted an honorable task.一個(gè)小時(shí)以前，一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)人接受了一項(xiàng)光榮的任務(wù)。a/an的用法：1. a/an 用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前,表示“某一”“一”或者“一個(gè)”的意思. a book a boy a man a bird a dog an hour an interesting book a

3、 big dog a dangerous animal 2.表示類別：這種用法是指某人或某物屬于某一種類，或者指某一種類的人或物中的任何一個(gè)或一件，或者指某一種類的人或物，但不具體說(shuō)明是何人或何物。 例如：   That is a pen, not a pencil. 那是鋼筆而不是鉛筆。（指屬于某一種類）   Give him a pear, please! 請(qǐng)給他一個(gè)梨。（指某一種類中的任何一個(gè)） An elephant is bigger than a horse. 大象比馬大。和 one 的區(qū)別：

4、 a/an 表示類別種類,而one強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量 a bus （表示是一輛公交車 而不是一輛小汽車 也不是火車） one bus (強(qiáng)調(diào)是一輛車 而不是兩輛或三輛)There is a cat under the chair. 椅子下面有一只貓。（強(qiáng)調(diào)種類）There is one cat under the chair.椅子下邊有一只貓。（強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量）3.用來(lái)指某人或某物，但有不具體說(shuō)明是誰(shuí)或是什么，如： My mother once worked in a school. 我母親曾在一所學(xué)校工作。4. 表示基本單位，作“每一”講。例如：three times a day six clas

5、s a day thirty miles an hour等。5.不定冠詞a/an可用在一種職業(yè)，階級(jí)或宗教的名稱前。如：Whats your father? Hes a doctor. 你父親是什么職業(yè)？他是名醫(yī)生。Mr Black is now a Christian.布萊克先生現(xiàn)在是名基督教徒。6. 用在序數(shù)詞前表示“再一”，“又一”，如： You can try it a second time if you fail.如果你失敗了，你可以再試一次。 7.與專有名詞連用表示“某一個(gè)”，“一個(gè)叫.的人”，如： A John is waiting for you at the gate.一個(gè)

6、叫約翰的人在門口等你。 8.用于說(shuō)明事物同一性質(zhì)、特征、程度或大小，表示“相同”，相當(dāng)于the same. 如：They are all of a size.他們大小都一樣。 9.和形容詞最高級(jí)連用，修飾名詞，表示“非?！?，如： It is a most funny story.那是一個(gè)非常滑稽的故事。10. 用于視為一體的兩個(gè)名詞之前，意為“一副、套、只”，如： a knife and fork一副刀叉 a table and chair一套桌椅 a watch and chain一只帶表鏈的表 a bow and arrow一副弓箭11.固定短語(yǔ)：once upon a time 從前 t

7、ake a look 看一看 catch a cold 感冒 a little 一點(diǎn)點(diǎn) a few 一點(diǎn)兒 have a rest 休息 1. Five years ago her brother was _ university student of_ physics. (上海卷)A. a; the B. an; the C. an; / D. a; /2. Please pay attention to your spelling. You have dropped _ ”m” here. (全國(guó)卷)A. an B. the C. / D. a三、定冠詞the的用法：1.the 表示特指。

8、表示名詞所指的人或事物是同類中的特定的一個(gè)，以別于同類中其他的人或事物，相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)中的“那個(gè)”或“這個(gè)”的意思。 the book in my bag the boy under the tree the apples in the basket the hospital near my home 2.可以和單、復(fù)數(shù)名詞，也可以和不可數(shù)的名詞連用。 the books the book the rice the bread the football the old man the interesting book the teachers the women 3.用法： 1）. 定冠詞的最基本

9、的用法是“特指”：表示某個(gè)或某些特定的人或物。 Do you know the girl in a red skirt? 你認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)穿紅裙子的女孩嗎？ Beijing is the capital of China. 北京是中國(guó)的首都。2）. 再次提到上文提到過(guò)的人或物，應(yīng)該用定冠詞the。例如：Tom has an apple, The apple is big and red.There is a boy under the tree.The boy is my brother. 3）. 指談話雙方都知道的人或物。例如：Lets go and giv

10、e it to the teacher.咱們?nèi)グ阉唤o老師吧。Open the door，please!請(qǐng)打開(kāi)門。4）. 用于某些固定詞組中。 例如:in the morning / afternoon / evening 等。5）. 用在形容詞前表示一類人。the old 老人 the young年輕人 the rich富裕的人 the poor_ the deaf _ the blind_6）. 用在表示“姓”的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前，表示一家人或夫婦二人。  例如：The Whites are spending their holiday in England.

11、0;The Greens came to China two years ago .7）. 用在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的表示場(chǎng)所的專有名詞前。the Great Wall 長(zhǎng)城 the Summer Place頤和園 the United States 美國(guó) the October Revolution 十月革命 the Chinese Peoples Liberation Army 中國(guó)人民解放軍 the Long March 長(zhǎng)征8）.用在序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)前 The first thing I want to say is to listen carefully in class. He is

12、 the tallest one in our class. 9）.世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物等（月亮、地球、天空、宇宙） the globe太陽(yáng)系 the universe 宇宙 the atmosphere大氣層The sun rises in the east. The earth goes round the sun. 10）.在世紀(jì)，年代名詞前用冠詞。 in the 1980s 或 in the 1980s 20世紀(jì)80年代 in the nineteenth century 二十世紀(jì)11）.在江河、山脈、湖泊、海洋、群島、海峽、海灣運(yùn)河前用the。 the Changjang River

13、 長(zhǎng)江 the West Lake 西湖 the Pacific Ocean 太平洋12）.在表示方位的詞前，如： The sun rises in the east, and sets in the west. 太陽(yáng)從東邊升起，從西邊落下 Jiangxi lies in the south of China. 江西位于中國(guó)的南方。13）在樂(lè)器名稱前常用定冠詞，如： He often plays the piano at five in the afternoon. 他常在下午五點(diǎn)彈鋼琴。 Can you play the violin? 你會(huì)拉小提琴嗎？ 14)固定短語(yǔ)： in the mo

14、rning 在早上 the day after tomorrow 后天 the next day 第二天 by the way 順便4. 當(dāng)定冠詞the 與all, half, both, double 等詞連用修飾名詞時(shí)，定冠詞the 位于這些詞之后。e.g.: Look, all the books are here. 瞧，所有的書都在這。They walked half the journey.他們走了一半旅程。Both the boys are clever.這兩個(gè)男孩都很聰明。當(dāng)定冠詞與表示倍數(shù)、分?jǐn)?shù)的詞連用時(shí)，要放在這些詞之后。e.g.: The bed is three time

15、s the size of that one. 這張床是那張床的三倍大。The rope is one third the length of that one. 這根繩子是那根繩子的三分之一長(zhǎng)?！緦?duì)比】有the 和沒(méi)有the 意義不同的詞組：at table 在吃飯 at the table 在桌子旁 at school 上學(xué) at the school 在學(xué)校go to bed 上床睡覺(jué) go to the bed 朝床邊走去in hospital/prison 住院（坐牢） in the hospital/prison在醫(yī)院/在監(jiān)獄in future 今后 in the future將來(lái)

16、 take place發(fā)生 take the place取代in office執(zhí)政 in the office 在辦公室go to church/college/hospital/prison/school做禮拜、上大學(xué)、住院坐牢、上學(xué)go to the church/college/hospital/prison/school 到教堂去、到大學(xué)去、到醫(yī)院去、到監(jiān)獄去、到學(xué)校去四、零冠詞：所謂零冠詞，即指不使用冠詞的情況：用法：1）在物質(zhì)名詞，抽象名詞前不用冠詞，如： The desk is made of wood. What is work? Work is struggle2）專有名詞前

17、通常不用定冠詞，如：England China Mary Lilei Mr.Green 3） 在星期、月份，季節(jié)，節(jié)日等名詞前，如：We have four seasons- spring, summer, autumn and winter一年有四季：春夏秋冬We often go to sea a film on Sunday. 我們經(jīng)常周日去看電影。Tomorrow is National Day. 明天是國(guó)慶節(jié)。4）名詞前有物主代詞，指示代詞，不定代詞，名詞所有格修飾時(shí)(this， my，that， those， these， her)，如：this morning my pen yo

18、ur watch whose bike 5） 在球類運(yùn)動(dòng)、一日三餐、學(xué)科和語(yǔ)言的名詞前，如：have breakfast play chess play basketball (注意：在樂(lè)器前必須加定冠詞 如彈鋼琴play the piano，play the violin)6）在獨(dú)一無(wú)二的職位、頭銜、稱呼的名詞前，如：Mr. Smith, head of the group, will plan for the whole trip.小組的組長(zhǎng)史密斯先生，將全面制定這次旅行的計(jì)劃。Doctor, I am not feeling myself today.大夫，我今天感覺(jué)不太舒服。7）man

19、泛指人類時(shí)，前面不加冠詞，如： Man can save the earth, man can destroy the earth.人類能夠拯救地球，人類也能夠毀滅地球。Man cant live without air and water.沒(méi)有空氣和水，人類不能生存。8）固定短語(yǔ)：by bus 乘坐公共汽車 after school 放學(xué)后 in bed 臥床 at first 首先 at noon在中午 on foot步行take care of 照顧 in trouble 處在麻煩中 take part in 參加 pay attention to 注意 with pleasure 高興

20、地，樂(lè)意地 at dinner在吃飯課堂練習(xí)題l. -John，there is _Mr. Wilson on the phone for you-Im in bathAa；the Bthe；a Ca；不填 D. the；不填2The most important thing about cotton in history is _part that it played in_Industrial RevolutionA不填；不填 Bthe；不填 Cthe；the Da；the3While he was investigating ways to improve the telescopeNe

21、wton made discover which completely changed_mans understanding of colourAa；不填 Ba；the C不填；the Dthe；a4 Its _world of wonders，_world where anything can happenA. a；the B. a；a Cthe；a D不填；不填5There was _time _I hated to go to schoo1.A. a；that Ba；when Cthe；that Dthe：when6When you finish reading the book，you

22、 will have _ better understanding of _ life. Aa；the Bthe；a C不填；the Da：不填練習(xí)題2：( ) 1. It takes us _ hour or more to go to my home town by _ train. A. an; a B. a; an C. an; / D. a; /( ) 2. In which class is _ boy in white? -Hes in Class 4. A. the B. an C. an D. /( ) 3. By the way, have you got _ E-mail

23、 address? -Oh yes, its rggren hotmail. com. A. the B. an C. a D. /( ) 4. More college graduates would like to work in _ west part of our country _ next year. A. the; the B. /; / C. /; the D. the; /( ) 5. Can you see _ sun in the day-time? A. a B. the C. an D. / ( ) 6. The singer usually sings while

24、playing _ guitar. A. a B. an C. the D. /( ) 7. Ive got information for all the computers now. A. a B. an C. the D. /( ) 8. It would be _ waste of money to buy such a small dictionary. A. a B. an C. the D. /( ) 9. _ good news were got! A. What a B. How a C. Wha t D. How( ) 10. Because of the unhealth

25、y diet, many people in Africa die at _ early age from terrible illnesses. A. the B. / C. a D. an( ) 11. I dont think men and women are equal in _ countryside at present. A. the B. / C. a D. an( ) 12. Theres _ umbrella behind the door. A. the B. / C. a D. an( ) 13. John Smith works in _ big hospital

26、in Hangzhou. A. the B. / C. a D. an( ) 14. Several years later, Johns aunt made _ second trip to China. A. the B. one C. a D. an( ) 15. You neednt wait for Tom any longer. He must be having supper at _. A. the Tells B. the Tells C. the Tells D. Tells( ) 16. Mary, its going to rain. Better take _ raincoat with you. -Well, but I cant find _ raincoat I put yesterday.A. a; a B. a; the C. the; a D. the; the音標(biāo)發(fā)/音時(shí)，舍身后縮，舌尖離開(kāi)下齒，舌后部向軟顎抬起，舌位比發(fā)u時(shí)要低，雙唇收?qǐng)A，稍稍向外突出，