考研英語核心詞匯速成勝經(jīng)Unit1-10

1、考研英語核心詞匯速成勝經(jīng)Unit 1一、真題文章The first and smallest unit that can be discussed in relation to language is the word. In speaking, the choice of words is of the utmost importance. Proper selection will eliminate one source of likely breakdown in the communication cycle. Too often careless use of words prev

2、ents a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener. The words used by the speaker may stir up unfavorable reactions in the listener which interfere with his comprehension; hence, the transmission-reception system breaks down.Moreover,inaccurate or indefinite words may make it difficult for the

3、listener to understand the message which is being transmitted to him. The speaker who does not have specific words in his working vocabulary may be unable to explain or describe in a way that can be understood by his listeners.二、譯文與語言相關(guān)的,可以討論的首要的和最小的單位是詞。說話時,選詞是最重要的。適當(dāng)?shù)倪x詞可以消除交際過程中可能出現(xiàn)的障礙。用詞粗心大意往往阻礙說

4、話人和聽話人的思想交流。說話人使用的詞匯可能引起聽話人的反感,從而干擾其理解。因此,這傳輸信息接受信息系統(tǒng)就會中斷。而且,詞義不準(zhǔn)確或不明確的詞使聽話人難于聽懂傳遞給他的信息。說話人的常用詞匯中如沒有詳細(xì)而精確的詞的話,就不可能用聽話人能理解的方式進(jìn)行解釋或描述。三、考研核心詞匯choice / C / n. 選擇, 抉擇, 精選品, 選擇機會, 選擇權(quán)adj. 精選的, 上等的, 挑三揀四的, 可選的, 寵愛的, 愛惜的例 She had to make a choice between the two dresses.她得在兩件衣服中選擇一件。同義 alternative,cream ,d

5、ecision ,option,pick,preference ,selection派生 choose / :z / v. 選擇, 選定固定搭配 at one's own choice 隨意挑選;be choice of 好挑剔的;utmost / / n. 極限, 最大可能, 極力adj. 極度的, 最遠(yuǎn)的例 the utmost ends of the earth 天涯海角同義 extreme, farthest ,greatest, most固定搭配 at the utmost 至多;do one's utmost 盡全力;make the utmost of .充分利用

6、;to the utmost 竭力; 盡力;reaction / :5k / n. 反應(yīng), 反作用, 反動(力例 What is his reaction to your proposal? 他對你的建議有什么反應(yīng)?反義 action / k / n. 動作, 作用, 戰(zhàn)斗, 行動, 舉動, 行為, (戲劇或書中的情節(jié), (某一地區(qū)、領(lǐng)域或團體中最能產(chǎn)生效果、最有趣、最有刺激性的活動vt. 對.起訴派生 react / 5k / vi. 起反應(yīng), 起作用, 反抗, 起反作用reactive / :5kv / adj. 反應(yīng)的, 起反作用的, 反動的, 電抗性的interfere / 7 5 /

7、 vi. 干涉, 干預(yù), 妨礙, 打擾例 I was playing with Jane, but Anne interfered and spoiled the game.我正在和珍妮玩,可是安妮插了進(jìn)來,把游戲給打亂了。同義 arbitrate,encroach,intercede,interrupt,intervene,intrude, meddle 派生 interference / 5 / n. 沖突, 干涉固定搭配 interfere in 干涉, 干預(yù);interfere with 妨礙; 干涉, 干擾; comprehension / kC5 / n. 理解, 包含例 Read

8、ing depends on the comprehension of the ideas expressed by the words used. 閱讀有賴于對所用詞句所表達(dá)的含義的理解。同義 apprehension反義 incomprehension / 7 kC5 / n. 不了解, 不領(lǐng)悟派生 comprehensive / kC5 v/ adj. 全面的, 廣泛的, 能充分理解的, 包容的comprehend / kC5 / vt. 領(lǐng)會, 理解, 包括(包含, 由.組成hence / / adv. 因此, 從此例 They grew up in the Sudan; hence

9、their interest in Nubian art.他們在蘇丹長大;由是產(chǎn)生了對努比亞藝術(shù)的興趣同義 accordingly, away, consequently, elsewhere, from now on, later therefore反義 ago / 5 / adv. 以前的, 以往的transmission / z5 / n. 播送, 發(fā)射, 傳動, 傳送, 傳輸, 轉(zhuǎn)播例 transmission of news 消息的傳播同義 sending ,transport, transfer, broadcast反義 reception / 5 / n. 接待, 招待會, 接收

10、派生 transmissible / z5 / adj. 可傳送的, 可遺傳的transmit / z5 / vt. 傳輸, 轉(zhuǎn)送, 傳達(dá), 傳導(dǎo), 發(fā)射, 遺傳, 傳播vi. 發(fā)射信號, 發(fā)報inaccurate / 5kj / adj. 錯誤的, 不準(zhǔn)確的例 There is a slight inaccuracy in this design. 這張設(shè)計圖中有點不大準(zhǔn)確。同義 incorrect , inexact反義 accurate / 5kj / adj. 正確的, 精確的派生 inaccuracy / 5kj / n. 錯誤indefinite / 5 / adj. 模糊的, 不

11、確定的, 語不定的例 an indefinite leave of absence 對在場者的離席無明確限制的同義 broad, confused, general, hazy, indistinct, obscure, unclear, vague 反義 definite / 5 / adj. 明確的, 一定的派生 indefinitely / 5 / adv. 不確定地四、強化練習(xí)1. And price is the number one factor influencing consumers' _ of vehicle in China, with 98% of respon

12、dents naming it, compared with 82% of UK consumers and 83% of those in the U.S.A. desireB. conclusionC. choiceD. purpose2. Although the rain pours down with the _ relentlessness, ceasing all outdoor activities, the man of the field lifts his face to the heavens and smiles.A. topB. utmostC. gracefulD

13、. dissipated3. The Romantic Movement, which started as a _ against the industrial revolution of the century, was born and flourished in Germany, but has not stopped the Germans from being Europe's most successful entrepreneurs and industrialists.A. constancyB. constructionC. conventionD. reactio

14、n4. First of all, dont let your emotions _ with your vision. Dont see something because you want to see it.A. interfereB. interpretC. consolidateD. comply5. To prevent local _ of the disease, mosquito-breeding places must be eliminated.A. transferenceB. transmissionC. changeD. console答案:CBDAB考研英語核心詞

15、匯速成勝經(jīng)Unit 2一、真題文章Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep. Neither kind of sleep is at all well-understood , but REM sleep is assumed to serve some restorative function of the brain. The purpose of no

16、n-REM sleep is even more mysterious .The new experiments, such as these described for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations for the purpose of non-REM sleep .For example, it has long been known that total sleep deprivati

17、on is 100 percent fatal to rats, yet , upon examination of the dead bodies , the animals look completely normal . A researcher has now cast light on the mystery of why the animals die. The rats develop bacterial infections of the blood , as if their immune systems-the self-protecting mechanism again

18、st disease-had crashed.二、譯文睡眠通常被分為所謂的REM睡眠階段(REM=rapid eye movement眼睛快速運動和較長非REM睡眠階段,前者特點為眼球快速轉(zhuǎn)動并做夢。我們對兩種形式的睡眠了解都不多,但是人們認(rèn)為REM睡眠對大腦起某種康復(fù)功能的作用。非REM 睡眠的作用更加神秘。最近睡眠研究協(xié)會在明尼阿波利斯舉行的會議上,專家們首次描述的一些新實驗,對非REM睡眠的作用的闡釋令人興奮。例如,人們早已了解到,完全剝奪其睡眠對老鼠具有100%的致命性,然而,在檢查老鼠尸體時,這些動物看上去完全正常。一研究人員已闡明這些動物死亡原因的奧秘。老鼠患血液細(xì)菌感染,似乎他們

19、的免疫系統(tǒng)(抵抗疾病的自我保護機制已崩潰。三、考研核心詞匯characterize / 5 kkz / vt. 表現(xiàn).的特色, 刻畫的.性格例 This kind of behavior characterizes the criminal mind.這種舉止是罪犯的心理特征。同義 depict, describe, distinguish, picture, portray, represent派生 characterization / kk5z / n. 描述, 人物之創(chuàng)造assume / 5j: / vt. 假定, 設(shè)想, 采取, 呈現(xiàn)例 The queen assumed a velv

20、et robe. 王后穿了一件天鵝絨長袍同義 adopt, believe, presume. put on, suppose, suspect反義 conclude / k5k: / v. 結(jié)束, 終止, 決定, 作出結(jié)論vt. 推斷, 斷定, 締結(jié), 議定派生 assumed / 5j: / adj. 假定的, 假裝的, 裝的restorative / 5C:v / adj. 有助于復(fù)元的n. 滋補劑例 a restorative tonic 有恢復(fù)作用的滋補品派生 restore / 5C: / vt. 恢復(fù), 使回復(fù), 歸還, 交還, 修復(fù), 重建function / 5k / n.

21、官能, 功能, 作用, 職責(zé), 典禮, 儀式, 數(shù)函數(shù)vi. (器官等活動, 運行, 行使職責(zé)例 Growth is a function of nutrition . 長身體是由營養(yǎng)決定的。同義 act, ceremony, exercise, gathering, operate, perform派生 functional / 5k / adj. 功能的固定搭配 public function 盛大的公共集會, 正式社交集會;social function 盛大的公共集會, 正式社交集會;purpose / 5: / n. 目的, 意圖, 用途, 效果, 決心, 意志vt. 打算, 企圖,

22、 決心例 He went to town with the purpose of buying a new television.他進(jìn)城的目的是買一臺新電視機。同義 aim, design, determination, goal, intention, object派生 purposeful / 5: / adj. 有目的的固定搭配 on purpose 故意地;有意地; to good purpose 有益地,有成效地to little purpose or to no purpose幾乎徒勞的,少有成效地deprivation / 75v / n. 剝奪例 deprivation of

23、civil rights 剝奪公民權(quán)派生 deprival /5v/ n. 剝奪deprive / 5v / vt. 剝奪, 使喪失fatal / / adj. 致命的, 重大的, 命運注定的, 不幸的, 致命的, 毀滅性的例 “It is fatal to enter any war without the will to win it”“不抱贏的希望參加戰(zhàn)爭,那是必死無疑的”(道格拉斯·麥克阿瑟。同義 deadly, destructive, disastrous, fateful, important, killing派生 fatally / 5 / adv. 致命地, 宿命地

24、, 不幸地bacterial / k / adj. 細(xì)菌的例 bacterial diseases. 細(xì)菌性疾病派生 bacteria / k5 / n. 細(xì)菌immune / 5j: / adj. 免疫的例 The criminal was told he would be immune from punishment if he helped the police. 罪犯被告知說,如果他協(xié)助警方,就可以免受懲罰。同義 clear, exempt, free, resistant反義 liable / 5 / adj. 有責(zé)任的, 有義務(wù)的, 易.的,有.傾向的, 負(fù)有責(zé)任的, 很有可能的s

25、usceptible / 5 / adj. 易受影響的, 易感動的, 容許.的n. (因缺乏免疫力而 易得病的人派生 immunize / j:z / v. 使免疫, 賦予免疫性crash / k / n. 碰撞, 墜落, 墜毀, 撞擊聲, 爆裂聲v. 碰撞, 墜落, 墜毀, (指商業(yè)公司, 政府等破產(chǎn), 垮臺例 The elephant crashed through the forest. 大象沖進(jìn)森林。同義 break, shatter, smash, strike派生 crasher / 5k / n. 猛擊, 不速之客固定搭配 on a crash basis 緊/應(yīng)急地;with

26、a crash 轟隆一聲;四、強化練習(xí)1. The scientists monitored the patients' blood pressure, release of harmful hormones(荷爾蒙 and other measurables that_ heart failure.A. characterizeB. considerC. integrityD. intend2. The companies _ no obligation to update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of

27、new information, future events or otherwise.A. interveneB. dictateC. prolongD. assume3. Architectural form should not rigidly follow_, but ought to reflect the needs of the social body it represents.A. professionB. functionC. vacationD. vocation4. The_ of today I come here is to help people who want

28、 to learn English but dont know how to learn.A. neglectB. proposalC. purposeD. likely5. Survival is usually uppermost in the minds of companies with their backs to the wall, even if that entails being reduced to a minority stake. In Thailand, however, most ailing companies seem loathe to admit that

29、their conditions may be_.A. grossB. fatalC. flatD. extinct答案:ADBCB考研英語核心詞匯速成勝經(jīng)Unit 3一、真題文章Vitamins are organic compounds necessary in small amounts in the diet for the normal growth and maintenance of life of animals, including man.They do not provide energy, nor do they construct or build any part

30、of the body. They are needed for transforming foods into energy and body maintenance. There are thirteen or more of them, and if any is missing a deficiency disease becomes apparent.Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elements-usually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sometimes nitrog

31、en. They are different in that their elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin performs one or more specific functions in the body.Getting enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for excess vitamins. Many people, nevertheless, believe in being on the

32、"safe side" and thus take extra vitamins. However, a well- balanced diet will usually meet all the body' s vitamin needs.二、譯文維生素是有機化合物,飲食中少量的維生素是維持動物(包括人類生存和生長必不可少的部分。它們不提供能量,也不構(gòu)成身體的任何一部分,它們的任務(wù)是把食物轉(zhuǎn)變成能量和維持身體健康。至少有13種維生素,若缺少其中一種,缺乏癥疾病便明顯可見。各種維生素都很相似,因為它們由同樣的元素構(gòu)成,一般包括碳、氫、氧,有時還有氮。各種維生素的不同

33、之處在于,各種維生素的元素排列不同,同時每種維生素在人體內(nèi)都有一種或多種特別的作用。吸取足夠的維生素對生命是必要的,但過量的維生素對人體并無滋養(yǎng)的用處。盡管如此,許多人出于保險的想法,還是攝入過量的維生素。不過均衡的飲食一般能夠完全滿足身體對維生素的全部需求。三、考研核心詞匯vitamin / 5v, 5v- / n. 維他命, 維生素例 primary vitamin 維生素原派生 vitaminic / 7v5k / adj. 維他命的organic / C:5k / adj. 器官的, 有機的, 組織的, 建制的例 an organic part 一個有機的組成部分派生 organism

34、 / 5C:z / n. 生物體, 有機體compound / 5kC / n. 混合物, 化化合物adj. 復(fù)合的v. 混合, 配合例 If you take this action, it will only compound your problems.如果你這么做,只能徒然增加你的困難。同義 complex, mixture, blend派生 compounding / 5kC / n. 組合, 混合maintenance / 5 / n. 維護, 保持, 生活費用, 扶養(yǎng)例 He took a course to learn about car maintenance.他學(xué)習(xí)了汽車保

35、養(yǎng)的課程。反義 abandonment / 5 / n. 放棄派生 maintain / 5 / vt. 維持, 維修, 繼續(xù), 供養(yǎng), 主張deficiency / 5 / n. 缺乏, 不足例 a nutritional deficiency 營養(yǎng)缺乏同義 shortage, insufficiency, lack, inadequacy weakness派生 deficient / 5 / adj. 缺乏的, 不足的, 不完善的固定搭配 make up for a deficiency 補足虧空apparent / 5/ adj. 顯然的, 外觀上的例 It was apparent t

36、hat he knew nothing about how to repair cars.很明顯,他一點兒也不知道怎樣修理小汽車。同義 clear, evident, obvious, plain, seeming反義 hidden 5 / v. hide的過去分詞adj. 隱藏的派生 apparently / 5 / adv. 顯然地arrange / 5 / v. 安排, 排列, 協(xié)商例 In a dictionary the words are arranged in alphabetical order.詞典里的詞是按字母順序編排的。同義 adapt, catalog, classif

37、y, fit, organize, settle反義 derange / 5 / vt. 使錯亂, 擾亂, 使精神錯亂, 使發(fā)狂disturb / 5: / vt. 弄亂, 打亂, 打擾, 擾亂v. 擾亂派生 arrangement / 5 / n. 排列, 安排固定搭配 arrange for 安排, 準(zhǔn)備;arrange with sb. about sth.與某人商定某事;essential / 5 / adj. 本質(zhì)的, 實質(zhì)的, 基本的, 提煉的, 精華的n. 本質(zhì), 實質(zhì), 要素, 要點例 What is the essential difference between these

38、 two economic systems?這兩種經(jīng)濟體制的本質(zhì)區(qū)別是什么?同義 basic, fundamental, important, necessary, needed, required派生 essentiality / 75 / n. 本性, 真髓, 本質(zhì), 重要性excess / k5, 5k / n. 過度, 剩于, 無節(jié)制, 超過, 超額adj. 過度的, 額外的例 You have to pay for excess luggage on a plane.在飛機上你得付超重的行李費。同義 additional, extra, surplus反義 deficiency /

39、5 / n. 缺乏, 不足派生 excessive / k5v / adj. 過多的, 過分的, 額外固定搭配 in excess of 超過四、強化練習(xí)1. The results showed that tobacco yields could increase with the increase of _ fertilizer.A. organicB. corruptC. poisonousD. civil2. We speculate that it is not caffeine but perhaps some other _ contained in soda-type soft

40、 drinks that may be responsible for the increased risk in hypertension," said the study, which was published in the Journal of the American Medical Association.A. contemporaryB. counterpartC. compoundD. content3. The Government is planning to assign 40 per cent of road_ works to the private sec

41、tor contractors in the short term and increase the level to 100 per cent in 10 years.A. scheduleB. maintenanceC. scrapeD. scrutiny4. It became _ that our stay in the U.S. would be a long one and I immediately began thinking on how best to pursue my interest in economics.A. secureB. shallowC. apparen

42、tD. apparatus5. Now any hotel or travel agency can book your tickets and _ transportation to the station.A. superviseB. interfereC. resentD. arrange答案:ACBCD考研英語核心詞匯速成勝經(jīng)Unit 4一、真題文章Manpower Inc., with 560,000 workers, is the world's largest temporary employment agency. Every morning, its people s

43、warm into the offices and factories of America, seeking a day's work for a day's pay. One day at a time. As industrial giants like General Motors and IBM struggle to survive by reducing the number of employees, Manpower, based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is booming.Even though its economy conti

44、nues to recover, the US is increasingly becoming a nation of part-timers and temporary workers. This " disposable " work force is the most important trend in American business today, and it is fundamentally changing the relationship between people and their jobs. The phenomenon provides a

45、way for companies to remain globally competitive while avoiding market cycles and the growing burdens imposed by employment rules, healthcare costs and pension plans. For workers it can mean an end to the security, benefits and sense of importance that came from being a loyal employee.二、譯文擁有五十六萬員工的人

46、力公司是世界上最大的臨時就業(yè)代理機構(gòu)。每天清晨,該公司的員工們涌入美國的工廠和辦公室,尋找一份只干一天、當(dāng)天付薪的工作。某日,正當(dāng)通用汽車公司和IBM這樣的工業(yè)巨頭們正通過裁減雇員數(shù)目以求設(shè)法生存時,總部在威斯康星州密爾沃基市的“人力公司”卻是門庭若市。即使美國的經(jīng)濟繼續(xù)恢復(fù),兼職和臨時工的人數(shù)也還是不斷增加。這種“一次性”的就業(yè)大軍是當(dāng)今美國經(jīng)濟的最重要的趨勢,而且它從根本上改變了個人與職業(yè)的關(guān)系。這種現(xiàn)象為這些公司開辟了一條道路,使其既不失國際競爭力,又可以不受市場周期的沖擊,避免就業(yè)法規(guī)、醫(yī)療保健和養(yǎng)老金法案帶來的日益增加的負(fù)擔(dān)。對雇員而言,這將意味著不再享有保障、福利,不再具有作為一個

47、忠實雇員的使命感。三、考研核心詞匯agency / 5 / n. 代理處, 行銷處, 代理, 中介例 agency general 總代理同義 management, office, operation, work派生 agent / 5 / n. 代理(商swarm / C: / n. 蜂群, 一大群v. 涌往, 擠滿, 密集, 成群浮游, 云集例 The beach is swarming with bathers. 海灘滿是海浴的人。同義 assemble, cluster, collect, crowd, gather, meet固定搭配 a swarm of 一群, 一堆;swarm

48、 into 蜂擁而入;swarm with 充滿著, 擁擠著;giant / 5 / n. 巨人, 大力士, 巨大的動物或植物, 偉人, 天才adj. 龐大的, 巨大的例 Shakespeare is a giant among writers. 莎士比亞是一位文壇巨匠。同義 colossal, enormous, gigantic, huge, immense, mammoth,monumental,反義 diminutive / 5jv / adj. 小的, 指小的, 小型的n. 小的人, 指小辭, 指小詞, 愛稱dwarf / C: / n. 矮子, 侏儒v. (使變矮小,派生 gian

49、tlike / k / adj. 巨人般的, 巨大的disposable / 5z / adj. 可任意使用的例 Every disposable piece of equipment was sent to the fire.每一種可用的設(shè)備都被大火燒毀了派生 disposal / 5z / n. 處理, 處置, 布置, 安排, 配置, 支配dispose / 5z / v. 處理, 處置, 部署vt. 布置, 安排, 除去, 使愿意fundamentally / 5 / adv. 基礎(chǔ)地, 根本地例 She is fundamentally unsuited to office work.

50、她根本不適合做辦公室工作。同義 primarily派生 fundament / 5 / n. 基礎(chǔ), 基本原理, 臀部fundamental / 75 / adj. 基礎(chǔ)的, 基本的n. 基本原則, 基本原理pension / 5 / n. 養(yǎng)老金, 退休金例 “Some French farmers suggest that the Government pension off the older and less efficient farmers”(E.J. Dionne, Jr.“一些法國農(nóng)夫向政府建議讓那些年長的或工作效率低下的農(nóng)夫領(lǐng)取退休金或補助金而退休”(小E.J.迪翁同義 ai

51、d, allowance, assistance, grant, help, stipend派生 pensionable / / adj. 有資格領(lǐng)退休金的, 可領(lǐng)退休金的loyal / 5C / adj. 忠誠的, 忠心的例 The people stayed loyal to their country.人民忠于他們的國家。同義 devoted, dutiful, faithful, obedient, true, trustworthy反義 disloyal / 5C / adj. 不忠的, 背叛的, 不忠誠的派生 loyalty / 5C / n. 忠誠, 忠心四、強化練習(xí)1. Buy

52、ing a train or a bus ticket used to be a major hassle. Now any hotel or travel _ can book your ticketsA. resourceB. recollectionC. agencyD. agony2. Hes just like a fly hanging around. Sorry, not a fly. Its a_ of flies flying near your earsA. bunchB. swarmC. lumpD. pile3. They were _, sometimes 8 fee

53、t long, and many of them lived in the swampy pools in which our coal seam, or layer, or formed.A. giantB. cleverC. delightD. light4. Nowadays the average age at which people settle down and marry is much older than it was 30 years ago, so singles will tend to have more_ income.”A. dependentB. redund

54、antC. professionalD. disposable5. "John Mills was a great actor, a true gentleman and a _ friend; someone who made us proud to be British," Blair said in a statement.A. loyalB. liarC. gangsterD. predominant答案:CBADA考研英語核心詞匯速成勝經(jīng)Unit 5一、真題文章Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They admitted that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the average man. But they