Challenging Yourself Ⅲ

1、Challenging Yourself Being HonestLooking AheadBy the end of Theme C, you should be able to: Talk about how to become confident and honest. Use some common suffixes to form nouns, adjectives and adverbs. Use the reading skills of skimming and scanning more freely. Predict the main idea based on key w

2、ords and pictures. Understand and use the passive voice correctly. Reassure/encourage others and ask for/offer help orally. Create a fable and write a thank-you note. Learn to be confident and bravely ask others for help in English learning.Before Learning1. What is “honesty” ? Which of the followin

3、g means “honesty” to you? Give your own answer if none of them matches your definition.A. Never tell a lie. B. Be open to parents. C. Seldom tell lies. D. Never steal anything.My answer:_2. Guess the meaning of each underlined word in the following paragraph.Tom is a postman. His job is to deliver l

4、etters which are kept in envelopes. Every day he goes along the same route to deliverletters. He has to be careful with the letters. If a letter slips out of his hand and gets dirty he feels guilty and will apologise to the receiver of the letter and often he will gain forgiveness. Without his deliv

5、ery, we would have to go to the post office to get our letters by ourselves.3. The pictures in the coming page tell a story about a little boy who once did something wrong. Arrange them in correct order according to your understanding._ 1 2 3 4 5 Learning to ReadSeven Dollars and a Bag of Cookies1.

6、Fast Reading The little boy was_.A. a paper boy B. a milkmanI have forgotten the name of an old lady who was a customer on my paper route when I was a twelve-year-old boy back in 1959.cue:Key: A The object of our play was to observe how the rocks changed to missiles as they rolled to the roofs edge

7、and shot out into the yard like comets falling from the sky.Object here means_. A. process B. aim Shoot out here means_.A. to open fire B. to move quicklyKeys: B, Bcomet kmt 彗星At the sound of broken glass, we took off from the old ladys yard faster than any of our missiles had flown off her roof. Ta

8、ke off here means_.A. to stop B. to rush awayKey: BHowever, a few days later, when I was sure that I hadnt been discovered, I started to feel guilty for her misfortune.Mis- means “not”.Misfortunehere means_ in Chinese.不幸；倒霉不幸；倒霉2. Text AnalysisYet it seems like just yesterday that she gave me a less

9、on in forgiveness that I can only hope to pass on to someone else someday.但是她給我上的那一課寬恕他人，卻仿佛就發(fā)生在昨我只希望有一天我能將這一課傳給其他的人。 形式主語(yǔ)形式主語(yǔ) 主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句 定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句1) that she gave me a lesson in forgiveness是主語(yǔ)從句，it是形式主語(yǔ)。2) that I can only hope to pass on to some one else some day是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾 lesson。3) give sb. a lesson in

10、. 給某人方面的教訓(xùn)e.g. The fire gave us a lesson in safety. 火災(zāi)給我們以安全方面的教訓(xùn)。類似的短語(yǔ)有:teach sb. a lesson 教訓(xùn)某人be a lesson to 對(duì)是一個(gè)教訓(xùn)give lesson in 教授課程learn ones lesson 得到教訓(xùn)4) pass on 1)傳遞Please pass on this book to Mr. Brown. 請(qǐng)把這本書(shū)給布朗先生。2)傳下來(lái)；傳給 (后代)The custom passes on from one generation to another. 這種風(fēng)俗一代接一代地傳

11、下來(lái)。3)離去；往前Now let us pass on to the next subject.現(xiàn)在讓我們看看下一個(gè)題目。 The object of our play was to observe how the rocks changed to missiles as they rolled to the roofs edge and shot out into the yard like comets falling from the sky.我們玩這個(gè)的目的就是想看著石塊滑到屋頂?shù)倪吘壓笕绾巫兂梢活w顆導(dǎo)彈飛射向地面,就像天上落下的隕石一樣。1)how the rocks change

12、d to missiles 賓語(yǔ)從句，作observe的賓語(yǔ)。2)as they rolled to the roofs edge 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。when，while,as 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別1) while和when一樣，均可引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，但二者有不同之處。 如果狀語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，二者可以互換， 如是非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，則只能用when。 e.g.When he came here, I would give some advice. 當(dāng)他來(lái)時(shí)，我會(huì)給他一些建議。(come 是非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，因此不能換成while)While/When Im doing my exercise,

13、you can watch TV.當(dāng)我做作業(yè)時(shí)，你可以看電視。2)當(dāng)when意為at this moment/time 時(shí)，只能用when而不能用while。e.g.I was about to leave, when the telephone rang. 我正要出門，電話鈴響了。We were watching TV, when the light went out. 我們正在看電視，這時(shí)燈熄滅了。3) while 引導(dǎo)從句時(shí)，如主句和從句中的主語(yǔ)一致，從句中謂語(yǔ)又含有be，主語(yǔ)和be可省略。while后可直接跟現(xiàn)在分詞、名詞、形容詞或介詞短語(yǔ)。此時(shí)此時(shí)while不能換成不能換成when。

14、We must be pupils while (we are) serving as teachers. 我們要做老師就得先做學(xué)生。 “Can you see the wonderful cloth?” He asked the minister, while (he was)pointing to the empty looms? 他指著空空的織布機(jī)向大臣問(wèn)道：“你能看見(jiàn)這華麗的布料嗎？”She had an accident while (she was) on the way to school. 在回家的路上她出了車禍。4) as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”，相當(dāng)于when。A

15、s he came to the village he found great changes had taken place. 當(dāng)他來(lái)到村里時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)這兒發(fā)生了很大的變化。 As he was studying in the university, he often wrote some articles for a newspaper.當(dāng)他在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)期間，他常為一家報(bào)社寫(xiě)些文章。as還有“隨著隨著”之意。As time went by, his health went from bad to worse. 隨著時(shí)間的流逝，他的身體狀況越來(lái)越糟糕。3. It slipped from my h

16、and as I let it go and headed straight for a small window on the old ladys house.我剛要往外扔的時(shí)候，它就從我手里滑了出去，徑直沖著老太太家的一扇小窗戶飛了過(guò)去。head for 1) 往往去去Where are you heading for? 你往哪兒去？The thirsty animals headed for the water.干渴的動(dòng)物向水走去。2)走向走向；勢(shì)必會(huì)遭遇；勢(shì)必會(huì)遭遇We must head for failure unless we take action at once. 如果我們不

17、立即采取行動(dòng)，勢(shì)必會(huì)失敗。Youre heading for an accident if you drive after drinking. 如果你酒后開(kāi)車，勢(shì)必會(huì)發(fā)生車禍。At the sound of broken glass, we took off from the old ladys yard faster than any of our missiles had flown off her roof. 1. at 表示 “一就” 1). at the sound of一聽(tīng)到聲音（就) At the sound of the teacher, all the pupils took

18、 their seats immediately.一聽(tīng)到老師的聲音，所有的學(xué)生都立即就座。2). at the sight of 一看到.（就)At the sight of her mum, the little baby bust into tears.一見(jiàn)到她的媽媽，小孩就大哭起來(lái)。3). at ones arrival 一到達(dá)（就)At her arrival in China, she set out to investigate the cause of the accident. 她一到中國(guó)就開(kāi)始調(diào)查事故的原因。2. take off 1). 離開(kāi) At the warning

19、alarm, all the people took off to the safety. 一聽(tīng)到警報(bào)，所有的人都撤到了安全的地方。After a quick breakfast, James took off for his company. 匆匆地吃過(guò)早餐，詹姆士直奔公司而去。2) 拿掉The sign will be taken off soon.這塊牌子將會(huì)被拿掉。3)取消Because of the bad weather, the meeting has been taken off. 由于壞天氣的原因，會(huì)議將被取消。4)脫衣It s the custom for the gent

20、leman to take off their gloves, if he shakes hands with a lady.如果男士和女士握手，男的應(yīng)該脫掉手套，這是一種習(xí)慣。5)起飛The plane takes off at 3:00 tomorrow afternoon.飛機(jī)將于明天下午3點(diǎn)鐘起飛。I was too scared about getting caught that first night to be concerned about the old lady with the broken window.1. too. to.too. to.太而不能，太而沒(méi)有He wa

21、s too tired to speak. 他太累了，連話都不想說(shuō)。She was too excited to say anything.她激動(dòng)得話都說(shuō)不出來(lái)。那天晚上我光顧著害怕自己會(huì)被抓住，都沒(méi)來(lái)得及擔(dān)心那位窗戶被砸爛了的可憐的老太太。2. that first night指男孩們打破老太太的窗玻璃的那天晚上。3. scared adj. 嚇壞的,恐懼的Nobody cheated in the test, for they were all scared about being caught by the teacher.沒(méi)人在考試中作弊，因?yàn)樗麄兒ε卤焕蠋熥阶　hey were s

22、cared to move a bit at frightful spot.一見(jiàn)到這可怕的場(chǎng)面，他們被嚇得一動(dòng)不動(dòng)。4. concerned adj. 1) 掛念的，擔(dān)心的All the people in the village were concerned about the missing child. 所有的村民都掛念著失蹤的孩子。Since she is away from her husband, she is always concerned about him. 由于她遠(yuǎn)離丈夫，因此她總是牽掛著他。2)對(duì)有興趣 The old man is only concerned abo

23、ut money.那位老人只對(duì)錢有興趣。The lecture given by the scientist is concerned about DNA.那位科學(xué)家所作的報(bào)告與DNA有關(guān)。3)有關(guān)的The authorities concerned will take an action.有關(guān)當(dāng)局會(huì)采取行動(dòng)。. but I was no longer able to feel comfortable in her presence.可是我在她面前卻再也不能表現(xiàn)得很自在了。1) no longer = not. any longer不再 He no longer lives here.他不再住

24、這兒了。 China today is no longer the China of the past. 中國(guó)已今非昔比了?！颈嫖觥縩o longer, no more；not. any longer，not any more 1)相同點(diǎn)相同點(diǎn) 都意為“不再”； no longer 和no more 用于肯定句，放在行為動(dòng)詞的前面和 助動(dòng)詞的后面; 而not. any longer 和not. any more用于否定句。e.g.After his parents died he is no longer/no more a student.父母去世之后他就不再讀書(shū)了。After his pa

25、rents died he isnt a student any longer/any more. 父母去世之后他就不再讀書(shū)了。They no longer/no more go to the farm. 他們不再去農(nóng)場(chǎng)了。They dont go to the farm any longer/any more.他們不再去農(nóng)場(chǎng)了。2) 不同點(diǎn)不同點(diǎn) no longer/not. any longer更強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間， 而no more/not. any more則更強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量。e.g.Youd better take a good rest, you cant work any longer, sin

26、ce you have worked for ten hours你最好好好地休息一下，你不能再工作了，因?yàn)槟阋呀?jīng)工作了十個(gè)小時(shí)了。 Would you please take more chicken? 請(qǐng)?jiān)俪孕╇u肉好嗎? No, thanks, Ive had enough and I cant manage any more. 不了,謝謝，我吃夠了，再也吃不下了。2) in ones presence = in the presence of sb. 在面前,面臨著The thief was frightened in the presence of the police. 面臨著警察，小

27、偷很害怕。We should keep calm in the presence of danger. 在危險(xiǎn)面前我們要保持鎮(zhèn)定。I put the money in an envelope with a note explaining that I was sorry for breaking her window and hoped that the seven dollars would cover the cost of repairing it.我把錢放在信封里，并附了張紙條解釋說(shuō)我很抱歉打碎了她的窗戶，希望七美元足夠用來(lái)修窗戶。“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)” 作狀語(yǔ) 修飾put. in結(jié)構(gòu)是“w

28、ith +n.+現(xiàn)在分詞” (with + 復(fù)合賓語(yǔ))with + 復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)1. “with+復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)主要由以下幾種形式構(gòu)成：1). with + n./pron. + 介詞短語(yǔ) The teacher came into the classroom with a book in his hand.老師走進(jìn)教室，手里拿著一本書(shū)。2) with + n./pron. + 副詞 With Mr. Smith away, weve got more room. 史密斯先生一離開(kāi)，我們的空間就大多了。3) with + n./pron. + 不定式 With so many dishes to

29、wash, he couldnt go out for play.由于有如此多的盤子要洗，他不能出去玩。4) with + n./pron. + 現(xiàn)在分詞 I wont be able to go on a holiday with my mother being ill.由于我母親生病，我就不能去度假了。5) with +n./pron. + 過(guò)去分詞 The man was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.那人被帶了進(jìn)來(lái)，兩只手被綁在背后。6) with +n./pron. + 形容詞 In winter I like sle

30、eping with all windows open.冬天我喜歡把窗戶打開(kāi)睡覺(jué)。2. “with + 復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)在句中的作用 1) 在句中作狀語(yǔ)，表示伴隨狀況。With the old man leading, we started toward the mountains.在老人的帶領(lǐng)下我們開(kāi)始向大山進(jìn)發(fā)。He was lying there with his eyes closed.他雙眼緊閉躺在地上。2) 在句中作狀語(yǔ)，表示原因The little girl was crying with her pen broken. 由于鋼筆破了，小女孩哭個(gè)不停。3) 在句中作定語(yǔ)Any ma

31、n with eyes in his head can see that hes exactly like a tree.任何頭上長(zhǎng)眼睛的人都明白他完全像一棵樹(shù)。The next day, I handed the old lady her paper and was able to return the warm smile that I was receiving from her.紙遞給老太太時(shí)，終于又可以向她回報(bào)同樣熱情的微笑了。hand vt.（常與in, to, over連用) 傳遞；交給Hand me the plate, please.請(qǐng)把盤子遞給我。Please hand i

32、n your exercise books at the end of the lesson.下課時(shí)請(qǐng)你們把練習(xí)本交上來(lái)。Inside was the seven dollars and a short note that said,“Im proud of you.”1)本句是倒裝句真正的語(yǔ)序應(yīng)為:The seven dollars and a short note was inside.一是主語(yǔ)太長(zhǎng)主語(yǔ)太長(zhǎng)，謂語(yǔ)太短謂語(yǔ)太短，頭重腳輕；二是后面的定語(yǔ)從句和先行詞分隔太遠(yuǎn)分隔太遠(yuǎn)，易造成誤解。里面是七美元和一張小紙條。紙條上寫(xiě)著：“我為你而驕傲.”e.g.On the floor lay a

33、 young boy who was terribly hurt. 地上躺著一個(gè)嚴(yán)重受傷的男孩。Out rushed the hungry people who hadnt had anything for several days. 那些多日沒(méi)有吃東西的人們沖了出來(lái)。2) be proud of = take pride in 為感到自豪We are all proud of being given the chance to have our holiday in Hawaii.我們都為能得到機(jī)會(huì)去夏威夷度假感到自豪。After Reading1. Read through the art

34、icle to decide which of the following statements tells the main idea.1) A little boy once broke a window on an old ladys house,but he never admitted his fault. 2) Two little boys broke a window on an old ladys house and they admitted their fault immediately.3) A little boy broke a window on an old l

35、adys house and admitted his fault, but the old lady didnt forgive him.4) A little boy broke a window on an old ladys house and the old lady finally forgave him because of his honesty.Key: 4)2. Work in pairs and answer the following questions in complete sentences.1) What did the little boy do after

36、he broke the window?At the sound of the broken glass, the little boy ran away quickly from the old ladys yard.Answer:2) What did the boy try to do when he felt guilty?Answer:The little boy made up his mind that he would save some delivery money and try to cover the cost of the old ladys glass and th

37、en he would admit his fault.3) Do you think the little boy was honest or not? And why?Answer:I think he was an honest boy. He can finally admit his own fault aand try to take action to amend though he ran away at first.4) How do you understand the underlined sentence in the article?Answer:I really f

38、elt guilty for myself and how I expected that the old lady could forgive me.5) Why did the old lady say “Im proud of you”? By saying “Im proud of you”, the old lady meant that she thought the little boy was an honest boy and she would forgive him.Answer:6) What do you think of the old lady?Answer:Sh

39、e is a kind, considerate, generous and respectable old lady.3. Read the following quotations about “honesty”. Which one do you most agree with? Give some examples to support your ideas.A lie can travel halfway around the world while the truth is putting on its shoes. Mark TwainNo man has a good enou

40、gh memory to make a successful liar. Abraham LincolnDare to be true: nothing can need a lie; a fault, which needs it most, grows two thereby. George HerbertWe tell lies when we are afraid. afraid of what we dont know, afraid of what others will think, afraid of what will be found out about us. But e

41、very time we tell a lie, the thing that we fear grows stronger. Tad WilliamsLanguage Focus1. Work in pairs and retell the story by using the following words and expressions. throw rocks run away scared envelope feel guilty save money surprised greet sb. with a smileYou may begin your story like this:On a Saturday afternoon, a little boy and his friend were throwing