Criminallaw法律英語刑法PPT課件

1、Criminal lawCriminal lawTheFourthGroup第1頁/共36頁Criminal law1.What are the crimes and criminal law?2.Criminal Procedure(美國刑法的程序)3. Criminal law classification(美國刑法的分類)4. Capital Punishment(死刑)5.Criminal liability（刑事責任）第2頁/共36頁What do U think of CRIMES?whatSome people think that crime that can be defin

2、ed for the more serious offence against person or property, there are a number of acts,and some omissions,which are subject to the crminal law yet do not cause such a threat.一些人們認為，犯罪就是侵犯人們身體和財產的作為或者不作為的行為,比如恐嚇。第3頁/共36頁Some Famous say:Giving the killer what he deserves. 讓犯罪的人罪有應得。It is better to fig

3、ht for justice than to rail at the ill. -Alfreds Tennyson, British writer 與其責罵罪惡，不如伸張正義。 -英國作家 丁尼生 A第4頁/共36頁BUT A MAN SAID： Hate the sin but not the sinnner!可恨的是罪行而不是罪犯。第5頁/共36頁Yes，in my opinions, to be accurate ,we can only say that crime is any act or omission that is contrary to the criminal law.

4、 是的，在我看來，準確的說犯罪就是任何違背刑法的行為。第6頁/共36頁What is the criminal law?第7頁/共36頁The criminal law can be classified into criminal law in a broad sense and criminal law in a narrow sense.刑法有廣義刑法與狹義刑法之分。第8頁/共36頁廣義刑法是指一切規(guī)定犯罪、刑事責任和刑罰的法律規(guī)范的總和，包括刑法典、單行刑法以及非刑事法律中的刑事責任條款。Criminal law in a broad sense refers to all stipu

5、lation crime, the legal responsibility and penaltys legal norm sum total, including penal code, in specific criminal law as well as non-criminal law legal responsibility provision. 第9頁/共36頁Criminal law in a narrow sense refers to the penal code. The criminal law punishes the crime, maintains the soc

6、ial stability the most important law, forces the devoting backing by the country. 狹義刑法是指刑法典。刑法是懲治犯罪,維護社會安定的最重要的法律,由國家強制力作后盾.第10頁/共36頁Criminal ProcedureThe law governing that series of procedures through which the substantive criminal is enforced.The American system of criminal procedure is “adversar

7、ial”.The procedural steps carry a case from start to finish within the process.第11頁/共36頁The Steps in a typical felony case:Step 1 :The Reported Crime (or “known offense”)Step 2 :Prearrest Investigation (include three basic groups)Step 3 :ArrestStep 4 :BookingStep 5 : Post-Arrest Investigation (will

8、vary with the fact situation)第12頁/共36頁Step 6 :The Decision to ChargeStep 7 :Filling the Complaint Step 8 :Magistrate Review of the ArrestStep 9 :The First Appearance (a quite brief proceeding)Step 10 :Preliminary Hearing 第13頁/共36頁Step 11 :Grand Jury Review (the primary function)Step 12 :The Filing o

9、f the Indictment or InformationStep 13 :Arraignment on the Information or IndictmentStep 14 :Pretrial MotionsStep 15 :The Trial (the unique features)第14頁/共36頁Step 16 :Sentencing (three different types may be used)Step 17 :Appeals 第15頁/共36頁American criminal law classification美國刑法種類第16頁/共36頁 1.Crimina

10、l ACTS endangering degree（犯罪行為危害程度）：felony（重罪），misdemeanor(輕罪） 1962，model penal code模范刑法典According to the crime is divided into four grades punishment weight（按刑罰 輕重把犯罪分為四等）：felony（重罪），misdemeanor(輕罪），petty misdemeanor(微罪），violation(違警罪） Felony divided into 3：Level 1, level 2, Level3（重罪分為三級） No more

11、than one years imprisonment penalty misdemeanor （輕罪刑罰不超過一年監(jiān)禁） A maximum sentence of micro sin 30 days in prison （微罪最高刑期為30天監(jiān)禁） Violations punish a crime only be fined （違警罪只能判處罰金）第17頁/共36頁 2.The nature of crime（犯罪本身的性質）：malum in se (邪惡的罪），malum prohibitsin (法規(guī)禁止的罪） malum in se (邪惡的罪）：murder（殺人） set o

12、n fire （ 放火） adultery （奸淫） steal（盜竊） malum prohibitsin (法規(guī)禁止的罪）： drunken driving（酒后開車） driving through the roadwithout pay MaiLuQian shut （行車通過路關而不付買路錢） operating machinery on-screen (經營機械賭具) the sin of violation of economic laws and regulations (違反經濟法規(guī)的罪) 第18頁/共36頁 3.Legal origin Angle(法律淵源角度）： Com

13、mon-law sin（普通法罪） Enacted law sin（制定法罪） 4.Other classification（其他分類） Crime constitution form（犯罪構成形態(tài)）： complete sin (完整罪） inchoate crime（不完整罪） Criminal principal amount（ 犯罪主體數(shù)量）： separate sin(單獨犯罪） fellowship on crime(共同犯罪） Criminal principal types ( 犯罪主體類型 ) ： crime by a natural person(自然人犯罪） legal

14、person commits sin (法人犯罪）第19頁/共36頁 Crime subject is the psychological state(犯罪主體心理狀態(tài)）： intentionally crime（故意罪） negligent crime(過失罪） Criminality infringe upon social interests(犯罪行為所侵犯的社會利益) ： assault and attery(侵犯人身罪） qufringed residential sin(侵犯住宅罪） crime of property violation(侵犯財產罪） damage of mora

15、l yuiltlmale(損害公共道德罪） to endanger public order of sin(危害公共秩序罪） disrupt government management the crime (妨害政府管理罪） 第20頁/共36頁Punishment-Sentencing system is a very broad content. Aggravating circumstances (加重情節(jié)） Reduce plot (減輕情節(jié)） Recidivist and pleaded guilty (累犯和認罪）第21頁/共36頁My lecture topics ： Death

16、penalty sentencing plot（死刑的量刑情節(jié)）第22頁/共36頁Basic situation American criminal law no specific reflect about the death penalty sentencing system, but the scope of the basic limit first-degree murder just executed, considering the consequences of a murder. Other must try to give every opportunity decreas

17、es victimised suspects miscalculation. 美國刑法沒有具體的體現(xiàn)關于死刑的量刑制度，但范圍基本限定一級謀殺才執(zhí)行死刑，考慮到有殺人的后果。其他的都盡量的給予一切的機會減少對犯罪嫌疑人的錯判誤判。第23頁/共36頁 - Malice murder蓄意謀殺罪- Intentionally injury murder故意重傷謀殺罪- Extreme thoughtless of murder極端輕率謀殺罪- Felony murder重罪謀殺罪 - Voluntary manslaughter自愿性非惡意殺人，故意殺人 （比如激情犯罪crime of passio

18、n）- involuntary homicide過失殺人第24頁/共36頁The influence of the roughly sentencing plot system diagram （大致影響量刑體系圖）第25頁/共36頁 (1) About the aggravating circumstances offender character aspects, such as criminal record and future risk;關于犯罪人品格方面的加重情節(jié),例如犯罪記錄和未來的危險性; (2) when the concerning the implementation o

19、f crime of aggravating circumstances killers attitude.關于實施犯罪時殺人犯的態(tài)度的加重情節(jié) (3) the aggravating circumstances about the victim identity關于被害人身份的加重情節(jié)第26頁/共36頁 The federal Supreme Court ruled that almost all of the accused favorable, as light plot and Puts forward the evidence must enter sentencing consid

20、erations.聯(lián)邦最高法院認為幾乎所有對被告有利的、作為從輕情節(jié)而提出的證據(jù)都必須進入量刑考量。 The defendant conduct被告品行 Criminal record 犯罪記錄 The facts of the crime relevant evidence犯罪事實的有關證據(jù).For example ,If the defendant young inexperience, or wasnt mature enough, or have abused history, or in prison have good performance etc.涉世不深,或不夠成熟,或有被虐

21、待的歷史,或在獄中有良好表現(xiàn)第27頁/共36頁 On the final death penalty for the provisions of the state if not identical. Despite all the judicial area have formulated consider aggravating and lighter, but the plot of the program by what way to consider these evidence the provisions of the state is uneven. In balance ty

22、pe (Weighing) jurisdiction, the aggravating circumstances sentencing must weigh the evidence and lighter plot, and both into evidence .對最終是否適用死刑各州的規(guī)定不完全一樣。盡管所有的司法區(qū)域 都制定了考慮加重和從輕情節(jié)的程序,但是以何種方式考慮這些證據(jù)各州的規(guī)定則不盡一致。 在權衡式(Weighing)司法區(qū)域,量刑者必須權衡加重情節(jié)證據(jù)和從輕情節(jié)證據(jù),并對兩者進行比較評估后做出量刑決定。這是最為廣泛采用的量刑模式。第28頁/共36頁Criminal liability（刑事責任）第29頁/共36頁刑事辯護事由criminal defenses1.Alibi 不在場證明2.justifications 4.Progra