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1、最新2017中考英語語法總復(fù)習(xí)講義基礎(chǔ)鋪墊1 .詞性概述詞類英語名稱意義例詞名詞The Noun (縮寫為 n)表示人或事物的名稱Basket, mouth, hospital, year, train冠詞The Article (art)用在名詞前幫助說明名 詞所指的人或事物a, an, the代詞The Pronoun (pron)用來代替名詞、形容詞 或數(shù)詞They, his, him, mine, which, all形容詞The Adjective (adj)用以修飾名詞,表示人 或事物的特征Long, empty, heavy, different, cheap, hungry數(shù)詞
2、The Numeral (num)表示數(shù)量或順序Three, thirteen, twenty, second動(dòng)詞The Verb (v)表小動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)Hear, write, swim, eat, borrow, sing副詞The Adverb (adv)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或其 他副詞Quickly, early, out, soon, then, sometimes介詞The Preposition (prep)表示名詞、代詞等和句 中其他詞的關(guān)系From, with, at, into, behind, between, for連詞The Conjunction (conj)用來連接詞與
3、詞、短語 與短語或句與句And, or, but, so, because感嘆詞The Interjection (interj)表示說話時(shí)的喜悅、驚 訝等情感Oh, hey, ouch, well, there, dear2 .句子成分WARM-UP : 1)The teacher in the classroom.2)Sang many songs and danced happily.3)She attracts.4)Many people living in the country.5)All the books on the desk over there.以上這些形式都不能構(gòu)成英語
4、句子英語句子(sentence)=主語+謂語(核心:主動(dòng)詞)I .八大成分的概念和構(gòu)成1 .主語(名詞代詞形):句子的主體,是謂語陳述,說明的對象。If you want the rainbow you have to put up with the rain.不經(jīng)歷風(fēng)雨,怎么見彩虹。The secret of success is to start from scratch and keep on scratching.成功的秘訣在于從磨練開始,并要堅(jiān)持不斷磨練。充當(dāng)主語的形式:1 )名詞2)代詞3)名詞短語4)名詞從句5)數(shù)詞6)不定式7) -ing形式8)介詞短語(少見)形式主語(名詞從
5、句,不定式,動(dòng)名詞)(見第六講主語和賓語)2 .謂語:表示主語的行為或進(jìn)行的活動(dòng)。I have a dream.You don 't always want what you need, or need what you want.所需之物未必皆所欲,所欲未必皆所需。謂語形式:動(dòng)詞(英語句子的靈魂)3 .賓語:行為或活動(dòng)的對象,接受者或受影響者。You don 't find opportunities you make them.你找不到機(jī)會(huì)。你得去創(chuàng)造機(jī)會(huì)。You probably won't hear opportunity knock if your telev
6、ision is always on.如果你常開著電視,你就可能聽不到機(jī)會(huì)的敲門聲。充當(dāng)賓語形式:1)名詞2)代詞3)名詞短語4)名詞從句5)數(shù)詞6)不定式7) -ing形式形式賓語(名詞從句,不定式,動(dòng)名詞)(見第六講主語和賓語)4 .表語:說明主語的身份和情況。(跟在系動(dòng)詞后)Time is money.Three o 'clock is always too late or too early for anything you want to do.你想做什么事,三點(diǎn)鐘總是太早或太遲。構(gòu)成形式:1 )名詞2)形容詞3)代詞4)數(shù)詞5)不定式6) ing形式7)過去分詞8)副詞9)
7、介詞短語10 )小品詞11 ) 名詞從句5 .補(bǔ)語:補(bǔ)充說明。(由動(dòng)詞類別來決定)構(gòu)成形式:1)名詞2)代詞3)形容詞4)數(shù)詞5)不定式6) -ing形式7)過去分詞8)介詞短語9)副詞小品詞10) 名詞從句主語 1 卜語 Tom was made monitor .賓語未卜語 I made Tom monitor .表語 1 卜語 I am sure to succeed.6 .定語:對名詞性形式進(jìn)行范圍限定。7 .This is beautiful music.There are only two kinds of music good and bad.自古音樂分兩種,好的和壞的。構(gòu)成形式
8、:1)限定詞2)形容詞3)名詞4)數(shù)詞5)不定式6) -ing形式7)過去分詞8 )介詞短語9)副詞10)關(guān)系從句8 .同位語:對被修飾對象進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明或進(jìn)一步解釋。Puff, the magic dragon, lived by the sea.構(gòu)成形式:1)名詞2)代詞3)名詞短語4)數(shù)詞5)不定式6) -ing形式7)名詞從句9 . 狀語:修飾詞,短語,從句和整句。位置:自由自在。1)修飾性狀語:修飾動(dòng)詞,形容詞,副詞等(時(shí)間,地點(diǎn),肯定,否定,程度,頻度,方式,伴隨,原因,目的,比 較等)。Can you feel the love tonightHome never looks so
9、 good as when you come back from getting away from it.只有出走又回家時(shí),家才最感親切。2)連接性狀語:連接上下文(順序,遞進(jìn),轉(zhuǎn)折,讓步,結(jié)果,推論,比較) 。First comes spring, then summer .I've never been to America, therefore I don't know much about it.3)評述性狀語:修飾整個(gè)句子,表示說話人的看法或態(tài)度。Frankly speaking, the food is not very good.3.句子的種類1 .英語中按使用
10、目的或功用分為四類:陳述句、疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句。A .陳述句。 陳述句說明一個(gè)事實(shí)或陳述一個(gè)人的看法。陳述句分為肯定陳述句和否定陳述句兩種。a.陳述句的肯定式。I have already posted the photos. / They are students. / I must go now . / He was reading a book at 8:00 last night.b.陳述句的否定形式。(1)謂語動(dòng)詞是系動(dòng)詞be,助動(dòng)詞have, will, shall, be或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,只須在其后面加not構(gòu)成否定句。She isn't a student . / He
11、hasn't been to the Great Wall . / I can not swim . / You willnot go there tomorrow. / They aren 't sleeping .(2)若謂語動(dòng)詞是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,在實(shí)義動(dòng)詞前加上do not,第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在時(shí)用doesnot,過去時(shí)用did not。He didn't send me an invitation .(3)由具有否定含義的詞never, nobody, hardly, little, dislike, seldom, few, to。to 等構(gòu)成的否定句。Not all
12、the books in our school library can be renewed .B.疑問句。d疑問句提出問題。英語中有四種疑問句:一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句和反意疑問句。a. 一般疑問句:以一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞 be或have開始,語調(diào)為升調(diào),通常要 求以yes或no回答的疑問句。(1) 一般疑問句的基本結(jié)構(gòu):Be 動(dòng)詞(is, am, are, was, were)+ 主語 + 表語一?Have動(dòng)詞(表示"有":have, has, had)+主語+賓語? 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(can, may, must等)+主語+行為動(dòng)詞或 be 助動(dòng)詞(do, d
13、oes, did)+主語+行為動(dòng)詞?助動(dòng)詞(shall, will, have, has)+主語+行為動(dòng)詞?( 2)否定形式的疑問句,通常把助動(dòng)詞與not 縮寫,放在句首。構(gòu)成回答:Aren t you a student Yes, I am .( 不,我是) No, I am not .( 對,我不是 )b 特殊疑問句:以疑問代詞who, what, whom, whose, which 或疑問副詞when, where,why, how 開頭。( 1) 如果疑問詞在句中作主語或其修飾主語時(shí),其語序如陳述句。Who is on duty today/ Which book is yours
14、.( 2)如果疑問詞在句中不作主語或其修飾主語,用“疑問詞一般疑問句”形式。Where have you beenc.選擇疑問句:提出兩種或兩種以上的情況,供回答者選擇,并由 or連用,但不能用 Yes 或 no 來回答。(1)疑問句 + 選擇成分1+or+選擇成分 2? Do you want coffee or cocoa / Are you anEnglishman or an American(2)特殊問句+選擇答案1 + or+選擇答案 2? who runs fast, Tom , Mary or Li lei.d.反意疑問句:陳述部分+提問部分。(1) 前肯后否,前否后肯。前后人
15、稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)要一致,疑問部分要用代詞。事實(shí)回答用Yes, 非事實(shí)回答用No . 前陳述句用降調(diào),后問句用升調(diào);如對前陳述句內(nèi)容有把握,后問句也可用降調(diào)。如果前面陳述句中有否定詞:hardly,little, few, never, rarely, nothing, none , nobody, not, no 等,后面疑問句應(yīng)該用肯定 式。( 2) 陳述句中有:have to, had to, ought to, used to, don t(imperative), somebody / someone,everybody / everyone 時(shí),附加疑問句需分別用:don t, didn
16、 t, shouldn t, usedn t /didn t, will, they 等。My grandma used to be a teacher, usedn t / didn t sheDon t turn on the TV set,will you( 3) 陳述句部分是復(fù)合句時(shí),提問部分的主語和助動(dòng)詞要與主句一致。He was readingwhen the teacher came in, wasn t he( 4)在“I think(guess, suppose, believe)+ 賓語從句”中,當(dāng)主語是第一人稱時(shí),附加疑問句的主語和謂語應(yīng)與后面賓語從句相一致;但若主語不是
17、第一人稱時(shí),則附加問句與前面主句一致。I dont think he can pass the exam, can he He believed you had seen her before, didnt he( 5)在含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must 的句子中,若must 表示推測,提問用must 后面的動(dòng)詞。若must表示有必要時(shí),用needn't。若mustn't表示禁止時(shí),提問用 must。He must be tired, isn t he ? You must go to Gaozhou, needn t ? You mustn t smoke here, must you(
18、6)陳述句部分為祈使句,疑問部分常用will you(表請求)。注:let's用shall we (包括說話人),let us 用 will you (不包括說話人) 。Have a cup of tea, will youLet's go now, shall weLet us go now, will youe.祈使句:可表示請求、命令、勸告、建議等。(省主語,動(dòng)詞用原形)(1) let +第一人稱,第三人稱+ (not)動(dòng)詞原形。Let me try again .(2)動(dòng)詞原形+ 其他成分。Listen to me carefully .(3) Don't (n
19、ever)+動(dòng)詞原形+ 其他成分。Don't 100k out of the window .(4) Do+動(dòng)詞原形+ 其他成分。Do give him another chance .f.感嘆句:表示喜怒哀樂等強(qiáng)烈感情,句尾用“!"。What修飾名詞,how修飾形容詞、副詞。(1) How +形容詞/ 副詞。 How + 形容詞 +主 +謂+ ! How cold it is today ! How clever the boy is ! How + 副詞 + 主 +謂+ ! How fast she runs ! How hard the girls are workin
20、g ! How + 形容詞 + a / an + 名詞 +主 + 謂+ ! How clever a boy he is ! How funny an elephant it is !(2) What + 名詞。 What + a / an + 形容詞 + 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+主 + 謂+ 一! Whata fine day it is today !What an honestmanhis father is ! What + 形容詞 + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) + 主 + 謂 + 一! What tall trees they are !What good students the boys are !
21、What + 形容詞 + 不可數(shù)名詞 +主 + 謂+ ! What cold water itis ! What delicious milk it is專題一名詞2.不可數(shù)名詞量的表達(dá)法;4.名詞作主語的一致問題;6.具體語境中名詞的詞義和一些常用易混淆名詞的區(qū)別名詞是中考考查的重點(diǎn)??疾閮?nèi)容主要為:1.名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)的變化規(guī)律及其用法;3.名詞所有格的變化及其用法;5.常用專有名詞的表示法;I .名詞的定義名詞可分為專有名詞和普通名詞O名詞是表示人、事物、現(xiàn)象和其他抽象概念的名稱的詞。專有名詞是具體的人和事物等特有名稱。專有名詞的第一個(gè)字母要大寫,人名、地名、公共節(jié)日及月份、周日的名稱等 等
22、都是屬于專有名詞。(見資料)如:Yao Ming 姚明; China中國;Christmas圣誕節(jié)等???可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞普通名詞按照其所表示的事物的性質(zhì)分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。1 .可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。如: an apple; two apples 。注意:a用于以輔音音素(指音標(biāo))開頭的單數(shù)名詞前;an用于以元音音素(指音標(biāo))開頭的單數(shù)名詞前。如:a book/buk/, a useful/ju:sful/ book , an apple/'aepl/ , a red apple , an hour/'aua/2.不可數(shù)名詞:不可數(shù)名詞包括物質(zhì)名詞和
23、抽象名詞,沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。(1)物質(zhì)名詞。 如: water; rice; tea; milk; food; fruit; meat; fish( 魚肉);chicken(雞肉);beef; mutton; orange(橙汁);sugar; salt; paper(紙);porridge; bread; sand; juice等。這類不可數(shù)名詞需要計(jì)量時(shí)要在名詞前加表示量的詞。如:a cup of tea; two bagsof rice; three bottles of water 等。(2)抽象名詞。如: news; music; time(時(shí)間);information 等。(3)不可
24、數(shù)名詞不能與數(shù)詞或不定冠詞連用。(4)注意有些名詞既可做可數(shù)名詞也可做不可數(shù)名詞。如:fish; time; glass; orange; room; noise; chicken等。但使用時(shí)一定要區(qū)分它們表達(dá)的不同意義。m.名詞的數(shù)1 .可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的規(guī)則變化:情況構(gòu)成方法讀音例詞一般情況加-s清輔音后讀/s/map-maps濁輔音和元音后讀/z/bag-bags /car-cars以s, sh, ch, x等結(jié)尾加-es讀 /iz/bus-buses/ watch-watchesWish-wishes/ box-boxes以ce, se, ze等結(jié)尾加-s讀 /iz/license-l
25、icenses以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾變y為i再加es讀/z/baby-babies以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞,變f或fe為v,再加es讀 /vz/shelf-shelves, wolf-wolves, life - lives, knife - knives.2 .可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的的不規(guī)則變化(1)元音或詞尾發(fā)生變化如: ma廿men; woman-women; Frenchman-Frenchmen; tooth -teeth; foot -feet; child -children(2)單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同如:sheep -sheep; fish-fish; Chinese -Chinese; Japa
26、nese -Japanese; yuan -yuan(3)形式為單數(shù)意思為復(fù)數(shù)如:people, police (集合名詞)(4)形式為復(fù)數(shù)意思為單數(shù)如:news, maths, physics, the United State舟。(5)只用復(fù)數(shù)形式如:pants, shorts, clothes, glasses'艮鏡)等。3 .不可數(shù)名詞的量的表示:(不能直接用數(shù)字;不能直接加a。an;無復(fù)數(shù)形式)(1)表不定數(shù)量時(shí),一般用 much, (a)little, a lot of/lots of, some, any 等詞修飾。(2)表確定數(shù)量時(shí),一般用 數(shù)詞十量詞十of十不可數(shù)名詞
27、。如:a piece of paper, a piece of news, a bag of rice, two glasses of milk, four bottles of waterIV.名詞的所有格:1 .有生命的名詞所有格(1)單數(shù)名詞后加's 。如:my brother' s book(2)不以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加's 。如:the children ' s football(3)以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加。如:the boys ' game(4)以s結(jié)尾的專有名詞后直接加 '。如:Dickens ' novels(5)某物為兩
28、個(gè)名詞共有時(shí),在第二個(gè)名詞后加's :如:Tom and David ' s room.(6)表示兩個(gè)名詞各自擁有的東西,在兩個(gè)名詞后都加's:如:ToM s and David rooms.2 .無生命的事物的名詞所有格(of所有格)(1)of+名詞。如: a photo of my family, the door of the classroom注意:of十名詞's/名詞性物主代詞”構(gòu)成雙重所有格 如:a friend of mine, a friend of Jim 。' s(2)表示時(shí)間或距離,國家,城市的方法。也可用s來構(gòu)成所有格如:ten
29、minutes ' drive分鐘車程;a month' s holiday個(gè)月 的彳取期。 China's capital(3)表稱呼、職業(yè)等名詞的所有格可以表示人的住所或工作場所。所有格后面的名詞一般被省去。如:at his brother ' s; at the doctor ' s; at the barker ' s; at Mr Read ' s(4)用所有格表示節(jié)日的方法:如:Teachers' Day; Children ' s Day.(除了父親節(jié)和母親節(jié)其他節(jié)日我們都用名詞復(fù)數(shù)的所有箱表示。)如:Mot
30、her' s Day; Father ' s Day. (5).由some、 any、 no、 every與one> body 結(jié)合的復(fù)合不定代詞 something 、 anything 等和else 連用時(shí),所有格應(yīng) 力口在 else的后面。 This is(somebody else ) pencil .四、名詞作句子成分: 1.名詞作主語1) .表示時(shí)間、金錢、距離作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 Two hours(be) enough for us to get there .2) .量詞短語“數(shù)字+量詞+ of +”作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與量詞保持二A pair o
31、f shoes(be) under the bed . Two pieces of paper(be) on the desk .3) .名詞+介詞(with、except、along with .) +名詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與前面的名詞保持一致。The teacher with the students(be) planting trees on the hill .4) .短語"neither-nor、eitheror、not only but also”連接主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞實(shí)行就近原則。Neither he nor I(be) a Frenchman . 2.名詞作定語1)
32、.名詞作定語時(shí),一般用單數(shù)形式。變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),名詞中的中心詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式。如:a banana tree -banana trees; a shoe factory -shoe factoThsre is a shoe factory near the school .2) .名詞作定語時(shí),個(gè)別情況用復(fù)數(shù)形式。(sport )The sports meeting will be held next week .3) .man、woman作定語表示性別時(shí),man、woman隨后面的名詞單復(fù)數(shù)而變。QQone man teacher two women teachers專題二 冠詞中考對冠詞的考查主要
33、為 不定冠詞a和an的用法,定冠詞the的用法,零冠詞的用法,習(xí)慣用語中冠詞的位置及使用。I .冠詞的定義 冠詞是虛詞。通常放在名詞之前,用來說明名詞所表示的人或事物。冠詞分為不定冠詞(a和an)和定冠詞(the)兩類。口 .冠詞的用法1 .不定冠詞a, an的用法(1)泛指某人或某物,但不具體說明何人或何物。A girl is waiting for you.(2)不定冠詞a用在以輔音音素開頭的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞瓦a useful book; a desk;不定冠詞an用在以元音音素開頭的單數(shù)可 數(shù)名詞前。如: an old man; an actor; an mw。(3) 第一次提到某人或某物而
34、非特指時(shí)。如: There is a book on the desk, but the book isn t. mine.(4) 表示人或事物的某一類。如: An elephant is bigger than a tiger.(5)用于表時(shí)間、速度、價(jià)格等意義的名詞之前,有 "每一”的意思,相當(dāng)every如:three times a week.(6)表示數(shù)量,有"一”的意思,但數(shù)的概念沒有one強(qiáng)烈。I have a computer.(7)用在序數(shù)詞前,表示“又一,再一" I have three books. I want to buy a fourth
35、 one.(8)可視為一個(gè)整體的兩個(gè)名詞前eg: a knife and fork 一副刀叉(9)用在某些固定詞組中: 如:have a good time; have a swim ,have a cold , half an hour ,a lot(of), after a while , in a hurry , for a long time, a few ,a little ,at a time ,2.定冠詞the的用法(1)用來特指某人或某物,雙方都知道的人或物的名詞前如:Open the door, please.(2)用于上文提到的某人或某物。There is a kite o
36、n the wall. The kite is new.(3)表示世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物的名詞前如:the sun; the moon; the earth; the sky(4) 用在序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級前,如: March is the third month of a year. He is the cleverest boy in his class.(5)用在某些形容詞前,表示一類人。如:the rich; the poor; the young; the 01d等。(6)用在西洋樂器名詞前。如: play the violin(7)用在表示方位的名詞前。如: in the east/
37、north/west/south(8)用在表示山脈、海洋、江河、湖泊、群島、建筑物、名勝古跡等專有名詞前或用在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前。如:the Yellow River; the Great Wall; the West Lake; the White House 等(9)用在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)形式前,表示"全家人"或"夫妻倆"。 eg: The Greens arewatchingTV now(10)用于形容詞或副詞比較級等構(gòu)成the.the."的句式中,表示 越越如:The more, the better.(11)用于固定搭配中。 all t
38、he sameP5然;all the time一直;at the moment此刻;at the same timeR時(shí);by the way順便說; do the shopping/washing買東西 /洗衣服;in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午 /下午/晚上 in the open air 在戶夕卜, 在里子夕卜 3.零冠詞的用法(1)棋類活動(dòng),球類運(yùn)動(dòng),一日三餐,學(xué)科名詞前不用任何冠詞play chess play football have supper We all like English.特例:當(dāng)football , basketball指
39、具標(biāo)的某個(gè)球時(shí),其前可以用冠詞:I can see a football.我可以看到一只足球。Where' s thefootball ?那只足球在哪兒?(指足球,并非“球類運(yùn)動(dòng)”)(2)稱呼語前不用冠詞,表示頭銜和職務(wù)的名詞前也不加冠詞。如:I don t feel well today, Mum./ This is Professor Li/ /Hello, Lily.(3)在節(jié)假日、星期、月份、季節(jié)等名詞前,用袤疝 一如:Teachers' Day; Mother's Day; on Monday; in May; in summer但若指某年的某月份或某年的某季
40、節(jié),需在月份或季節(jié)前加the, eg: The winter in 2008 was very cold.(4)名詞前已有物主代詞(my, your, his, herF)、指示代詞(this/these, that/those)、不定代詞(some, any等)及名詞所有格 滲飾時(shí),不用冠詞my book(正);my the book(誤)(5)有些專有名詞,如人名,地名,國家名,抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞前一般不用冠詞。如: China; Japanese; milk; love等。Jim lives in China.(6)不可數(shù)名詞和復(fù)數(shù)名詞表泛指時(shí)前用零冠詞We can't live
41、 without water./ Horses are good animals.(7)用在“專有名詞+普通名詞”構(gòu)成的街名,路名,山名等名詞前Hainan Island / Nanjing Road(8) by與火車等交通工具連用,用零冠詞eg: by bus/ by train/by car/ by bike 注意:take a bus/ on the bike/ in a boat(9)在某些固定搭配里,名詞之前常不用冠詞.QQ如 on foot; at home; at night; from morning till night, on time, in time, at first
42、, at last 等。(10)用與不用冠詞的差異in hospital住院/ in the hospital在醫(yī)院里in front of在(外部的)前面/ in the front of在(內(nèi)部的)前面at table進(jìn)餐/ at the tabl胞桌子旁by se港船/ by the se4海邊go to school(church )上學(xué)(做禮拜一 ) /go to the school(church )到學(xué)校(教堂一)去two of us我們當(dāng)中的兩人 / the two of us我們兩人(共計(jì)兩人)a teacher and writeL位教師兼作家(一個(gè)人)/a teacher
43、 and a writer一位教師和一位作家(兩個(gè)人)專題三:代詞中考對代詞的考查主要為:人稱代詞,物主代詞,反身代詞,指示代詞,疑問代詞,不定代詞,一.人稱代詞:單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格賓格主格賓格第一人稱Imeweus第二人稱youyouyouyou第三人稱it/she/heit/her/himtheythem1.主格作主語,賓格作表語或動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語.He teaches(we) Chinese . / I'm waiting for you.(介詞的賓語)/ It S me.(賓格做表語)2.三種人稱代詞并列充當(dāng)主語時(shí)時(shí),順序?yàn)椋簡螖?shù):(二,三,一)(You, she and I ) 復(fù)
44、數(shù):(一,二,三)(we , you and they )注:若把責(zé)任擔(dān),第一人稱最當(dāng)先,(即若做錯(cuò)事時(shí),把第一人稱放在最前面.)eg: She and I have been to Beijing .(一般情況) Who broke the window I and Mike .(承擔(dān)責(zé)任) 注:it還有一些特別的用法。1)用在句型:It seems that”中."看起來像。.”2)用作形式主語,常用于 K's +adj +to do sth”句型中.“做什么事情怎么樣”.QQ3)用在句型:It's one's turn to do sth"中.
45、"輪到某人做sth”4)用在句型:It's time to do sth / for sth "中."到了該做sth的時(shí)候”5)用在句型:It''s +adj +that從句”中.6)用作形式賓語,用來代替動(dòng)詞不定式.主語 +make /think /feel/find + it + adj ( 名詞)+ to do sth . I find it difficult to remember these wors.二物主代詞:物主代詞分為形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱物主代詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)形容詞性r my
46、ouryouryourits/his/hertheir名詞性mineoursyoursyoursits/his/herstheirs1、形容詞性物主代詞作定語修飾名詞,一般不單獨(dú)使用.eg: My name is Tom.(形容詞性物主代詞)2、名詞性物主代詞,后面不能加名詞,名詞性物主代詞常與of連用He is a friend of mine(我的個(gè)朋友 ) eg: Our classroom is as big as(they) . / This is a friend of(my). 注:1)名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞(上題中mine=my friends)2)形容詞性物主
47、代詞與 own連用時(shí),后面可跟名詞也可不跟名詞 . My own house = a house of my own 三.反身代詞:“某某自己;親自”單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱myselfourselves第二人稱yourselfyourselves第三人稱himself/herself/itselfthemselves記憶小竅門:反身代詞有規(guī)律,第三人稱賓格加self.其余都要物主加self,復(fù)數(shù)ves來把f替. 反身代詞的常用搭配:hurt oneself 受傷teach oneself = learn.by oneslf 自學(xué)look after oneself leave sb by onese
48、lf 讓某人獨(dú) 自 留下improve oneself提高某人自 己enjoy oneself過得愉快 help oneself to隨便吃/用 dress oneself人自己穿衣服 四.指示代詞單數(shù)thisthat復(fù)數(shù)thesethose1、指示代詞的用法:(1)this /these指較近的事和人 :This is my pen. / These are my books.指下文提至U的事 eg: Please remember this:No pains,no gains.2 2) that /those指較遠(yuǎn)的事和人 :That is her sister. / Those are
49、her sisters. 指上面剛提到的事情 eg: He was ill.That's why he didn't go to school.3 .注意that / those常用來代替前面出現(xiàn)的人或物,以避免重復(fù).That代替可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞.Those代替復(fù)數(shù)名詞. The weather in Guangdong is hotter than in Qinghai .The books in that shop are cheaper than in this shop. A.this B.that C.one D.those4 .在電話用語中,this代替自
50、己,而that代替對方.eg: This is Tom speaking .我是湯姆 Who is that 你是誰?五、疑問代詞:(P93考點(diǎn)五)用來提出問題的代詞稱為疑問代詞,通常位于句首,引出特殊疑問句。如:who作主語,表語,賓語但不能放介詞后Who wants to go with mewhom who 的賓格形式,作賓語 To whom are you talkingwhose who的所有格形式,作定語 Whose wallet is this這是誰的錢包?what可詢問職業(yè) What's your father He is a teacher.who 可詢問身份和姓名
51、Who is the boy in red He is Jim.what指不定數(shù)目中的那一個(gè)?!笆裁?,哪一些,”無范圍 What would you likewhich "哪一個(gè)"指在一定范圍內(nèi)特指的人或物Which bike is yours哪輛自行車是你的六.不定代詞的區(qū)別.1.one與it的區(qū)別:One代替同類事物中的一種 .而it代替上文中出現(xiàn)的某事物 .This book is a good one . May I borrow it2.some與any的區(qū)別一般情況下,some用于肯定句,any用于否定點(diǎn)問句,He asked me for some paper
52、 , but I didn t have any .但在疑問句中,若要袤示說話人希望得到肯定的回客或表示請求、建議時(shí)應(yīng)用some。此類句型常以could, would開頭或what about /how about 的句中。 May I have some water ( 希望得至J肯定的回答)3.many與 much的區(qū)另UMany+可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù) ;Much+不可數(shù)名詞,都相當(dāng)于a lot of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞注:a lot of常不用于否定句中.否定句中用 many /much .4 .a few /few /a little /little的區(qū)別例題:His story is
53、easy to read, there are new words in it .Hurry up ! There is time left .5 .each / every 的區(qū)另U each強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體,表示兩者或兩者以上的人或物中的每一個(gè).every強(qiáng)調(diào)整體,表示三者或三者以上的人或物中的每一個(gè).表否定(幾乎沒有)表肯定(有一點(diǎn))修飾可數(shù)名詞fewa few修飾不可數(shù)名 詞littlea littleThere are trees and frowers on side of the street . / student has read a story . :each可以與of連用,eac
54、h of作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).而every不能與of連用.只能放在名詞前作定語.Each of us(study )hard .6. no one 與none 的區(qū)別no one指人,表示沒有人,不能與of連用,謂語常用單數(shù)。none of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞/代詞,作主語時(shí),既指人又可指物,謂語常用單數(shù)。.The boys were all tired , but of them stopped to have a rest . 更多資料 QQ7.both /neither /either /all / none / any 的區(qū)別都都不任何一個(gè)There are many兩者之間P bothn
55、eithereithertrees on三者或三者以上allnoneanyside ofthe river . A. both B.any C.either D.all注意:1) . both的否定詞是neither , all的否定詞是none.2) .both of作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);neither of作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).Neither of the answers(be) right . Both of my parents(be) workers.3) .詞組A) both and連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù).同義詞組:not only - but also 反義詞組:
56、neither nor Not only you but also she likes watching TV.=you she like watching TV .B) either - or 或者或者,neither - nor- -既不也不 連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞實(shí)行就近原則Neither you nor he(be ) right .One of Lily and Lucy is going to the park. =Lily Lucy going to the park.C) either 也可用于否定句中的也”He doesn't like the book,either.4) how many /how much 的回答:用 none回答.Who的回答:用no one回答.;What的回答:用nothing回答.How many students are there in the classroom _ Who can answer the question . A. None8.other /the oth
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