新視野三版2翻譯練習(xí)答案

1、Unit 1 Tran slati on英譯漢English is known as a world Ianguage, regularly used by many nations whose English is not their first language. Like other Ian guages, En glish has cha nged greatly. The history of the En glish Ian guage can be divided into three main periods: Old English, Middle English and M

2、odern English. The English language started with the invasion of Britain by three Germanic tribes during the 5th century AD, and they contributed greatly to the formation of the English lan guage. During the medieval and early moder n periods, the in flue nce of En glish spread throughout the Britis

3、hIsles, and from the early 17th cen tury its in flue nce bega n to be felt throughout the world. The processes of Europea n explorati on and coloni zati on for several cen turies led to sig ni fica nt cha nge in En glish. Today, America nEn glish is particularlyin flue ntial,due to the popularity of

4、 America n cin ema, televisi on, music, trade andtech no logy, i nclud ing the Intern et.人們普遍認(rèn)為英語是一種世界語言，經(jīng)常被許多不以英語為第一語言的國家使用。與其他語言一樣，英語 也發(fā)生了很大的變化。英語的歷史可以分為三個主要階段：古英語，中古英語和現(xiàn)代英語。英語起源于公元5世紀(jì)，當(dāng)時三個日耳曼部落入侵英國，他們對英語語言的形成起了很大的作用。在中世紀(jì)和現(xiàn)代社會 初期，英語的影響遍及不列顛群島。從17世紀(jì)初，它的影響力開始在世界各地顯現(xiàn)。歐洲幾百年的探險和殖民過程導(dǎo)致了英語的重大變化。今天，由于美國電影

5、、電視、音樂、貿(mào)易和技術(shù)、包括互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的大受歡迎，美國英語的影響力尤其顯著。漢譯英中國書法(calligraphy )是一門獨(dú)特的藝術(shù)，是世界上獨(dú)一無二的藝術(shù)瑰寶。中國書法藝術(shù)的形成、發(fā)展與 漢文字的產(chǎn)生與演進(jìn)存在著密不可分的關(guān)系。漢字在漫長的演變發(fā)展過程中，一方面起著交流思想、繼承文化的重要作用，另一方面它本身又形成了一種獨(dú)特的藝術(shù)。書法能夠通過作品把書法家個人的生活感受、學(xué)識、修養(yǎng)、個性等折射出來，所以，通常有"字如其人"的說法。中國書法不僅是中華民族的文化瑰寶，而且在世界文化藝術(shù)寶庫中獨(dú)放異彩。Chinese calligraphy is a unique art an

6、d the unique art treasure in the world. The formation and development of the Chinese calligraphyis closely related to the emergence and evolutionof Chinese characters.In this longevolutionaryprocess, Chinese characters have not only played an important role in exchanging ideas andtransmittingculture

7、 but also developed into a unique art form. Calligraphic works well reflect calligraphers'pers onal feeli ngs, kno wledge, self-cultivati on, pers on ality, and so forth, thus there is an expressi on that "see ingthe calligrapher's handwriting is like seeing the person". As one of

8、the treasures of Chinese culture, Chinese calligraphy shines splendidly in the world's treasure house of culture and art.Unit 2英譯漢A MOOC (massive open online course) is an online course aimed at unlimited participation and open access via theweb. MOOCs are a recent developmentin distance educati

9、on and have now become a surging trendin highereducatio n. These classes are aimed at expa nding a uni versity's reach from thousa nds of tuiti on-pay ing stude ntswho live in town, to millions of students around the world. In addition to traditional course materials,MOOCsprovide in teractive us

10、er forums to support in teracti ons betwee n stude nts and professors. MOOCs can en courage com muni cati on among participa nts who bring a variety of viewpo in ts, kno wledge, and skills to the course; in spire people to "try on" subjects that they would n't otherwise pursue or eve n

11、 try on educati on itself; provide multiple ways to engage with course material, encouraging multimodal （多模式的 ）learning that can address the needs oflearners with a variety of lear ning styles; and in spire better teach ing and use of tech no logies for face-to-face courses.慕課是一種網(wǎng)絡(luò)課程，它旨在通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)實(shí)現(xiàn)廣泛參與和開

12、放接入。慕課是遠(yuǎn)程教育邁出的最新一步，現(xiàn)已在高等教育領(lǐng)域迅速引領(lǐng)潮流。通過這些課程，大學(xué)可以擴(kuò)大影響的范圍，從影響成千上萬住在城里付學(xué)費(fèi)的學(xué)生，擴(kuò)展到惠及全球上百萬的學(xué)生。除了擁有傳統(tǒng)的課程資料，慕課還給使用者提供互動論壇，支 持學(xué)生和講師之間的交流。慕課能夠促進(jìn)參與者之間的交流，使得多種觀點(diǎn)、知識和技能涌現(xiàn)到課堂上來；它鼓勵人們嘗試之前不可能嘗試的課程，甚至是嘗試新的教育方式；它提供多種學(xué)習(xí)課程資料的方式，鼓勵多模式學(xué)習(xí)，以各種學(xué)習(xí)風(fēng)格滿足學(xué)習(xí)者的需求；另外，慕課促進(jìn)教學(xué)的改善，使技術(shù)在面對面授課中得以更好地應(yīng)用。漢譯英近年來，隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，我國的數(shù)字化教育資源建設(shè)取得了巨大的成就。

13、很多高校建立了自己的數(shù)字化學(xué)習(xí)平臺，數(shù)字化教學(xué)在教育中發(fā)揮著越來越大的作用。和傳統(tǒng)教學(xué)方式相比，數(shù)字化教學(xué)方式有很大的優(yōu)勢。一方面，數(shù)字化教學(xué)使教學(xué)資源得以全球共享；另一方面，它拓展了學(xué)習(xí)者的學(xué)習(xí)時間和空間，人們可以隨時隨地通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)進(jìn)入數(shù)字化的虛擬學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)。這使得人類從接受一次性教育走向終身學(xué)習(xí)成為可能。In rece nt years, with the developme nt of Internet tech no logy, the con structi on of digital educati on resources of our country has made great

14、 achieveme nts. Many uni versities have set up their own digital lear ning platforms, and digital teaching is playing an increasingly important role in education. Compared with the traditionalway ofteach ing, the digital way has a lot of adva ntages. On one hand, digital teach ing makes global shari

15、 ng of teach ing resources possible; on the other han d, it expa nds the lear ner's study time and space to lear n, allow ing people to get access to the digital virtual schools through the Internet any time and any where. These adva ntages make it possible for people to shift from one-time lear

16、ning to lifelong learning.Unit 3英譯漢As an important part of the American culture value system, "individualism" is admired by most American people. America ns view the family as a group whose primary purpose is to adva nee the happ in ess of in dividual members.In contrast to many other cult

17、ures, the primary responsibility of the American family member is not to advance the family as a group, either socially or economically. What would be best for the family is not usually considered to be as importa nt as what would be best for the in dividual. With freedom comes the resp on sibility

18、to care for on eself, for it is the freedom of choice that carries with it the resp on sibility: to accept the con seque nces of the choices. Many America ns give their childre n a lot of freedom because they want them to be in depe ndentandself-relia nt. Alo ng with the America n emphasis on in div

19、idual freedom, the belief in equality betwee n pare nts and children also has had a strong effect on the family.作為美國文化價值體系的一個重要組成部分，"個人主義"受到大多數(shù)美國人的推崇。美國人認(rèn)為家庭作為一個群體，其主要目的是促進(jìn)家庭各成員的幸福。與許多其他文化相比，美國家庭成員的主要職責(zé)，不是在社會上或經(jīng)濟(jì)上提高整個家庭的地位。人們通常認(rèn)為，什么是對個人最好的要比什么是對家庭最好的更為 重要。與自由相伴而來的是照顧自己的責(zé)任，因為所選擇的自由承載了責(zé)任，即必須

20、接受自己的選擇所帶來的后果。許多美國人給他們的孩子很多的自由，因為他們希望孩子們能夠獨(dú)立和自力更生。在美國人強(qiáng)調(diào)個人自由的同時，父母與孩子間平等的信念也對美國家庭產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響。漢譯英孝道(filial piety )是中國古代社會的基本道德規(guī)范(code of ethics )。中國人把孝視為人格之本、家庭和睦之本、國家安康之本。由于孝道是儒家倫理思想的核心，它成了中國社會千百年來維系家庭關(guān)系的道德準(zhǔn) 則。它毫無疑問是中華民族的一種傳統(tǒng)美德。孝道文化是一個復(fù)合概念，內(nèi)容豐富，涉及面廣。它既有文化理念，又有制度禮儀( in stituti onal etiquette )。一般來說，它指社會

21、要求子女對父母應(yīng)盡的義務(wù)，包括尊 敬、關(guān)愛、贍養(yǎng)老人等等。孝道是古老的"東方文明"之根本。Filial piety is the basic code of ethics in ancient Chinese society. Chinese people consider filial piety as the essence of a pers on's in tegrity, family harm ony, and the n ati on's well-be ing. With filial piety being the core of Con

22、fucia n ethics, it has bee n the moral sta ndard for the Chin ese society to mai ntai n the family relati on ship for thousa nds of years. It's undoubtedly a traditional Chinese virtue. The culture of filial piety is a complex concept, rich in content and wide in ran ge. It in cludes not only cu

23、ltural ideas but also in stituti onal etiquettes. Gen erally speak in g, it refers to the obligati onof childre n to their pare nts required by the society, in clud ing respect, care, support for theelderly and so forth. Filial piety is fun dame ntal to the an cie nt "Orie ntal civilizatio n&qu

24、ot;.Unit 4英譯漢Valentine's Day on February 14 is celebrated in various American and European countries. It is a holiday of love and roma nce usually by excha nging vale nti nes or love toke ns betwee n lovers. There are differe nt orig ins regard ing the festival. One lege nd goes that the Roma ns

25、 put a priest n amed Sai nt Vale ntine into pris on for refus ing to believe in the Roma n gods. On February 14, Vale ntine was put to death not only because he was Christia n, but also because he had cured the jailer's daughter of bli ndn ess. The ni ght before he was executed he wrote her a fa

26、rewell letter signed "From your Valentine". Later, February 14 became a holiday for people to show affection fortheir loved on es. Today, people celebrateVale ntin e's Day in differe nt ways, sending greet ing cards and flowers,giving chocolate or other gifts, or joining in romantic di

27、nners. The holiday has now become popular all over the world. In China the festival is also becoming increasingly popular with young people.美洲和歐洲各國都會慶祝2月14日的情人節(jié)。這是一個充滿愛情和浪漫的節(jié)日，戀人之間通常都會交換情人卡和愛情信物。關(guān)于這個節(jié)日的起源有著不同的說法。一個傳說是羅馬人把一個叫圣瓦倫丁的神父關(guān)進(jìn)了監(jiān)獄，因為他拒絕相信羅馬神。2月14日那天，瓦倫丁被處死，不僅因為他是基督徒，而且因為他曾治愈了一位監(jiān)獄看守雙目失明的女兒。他在被處

28、死的前一天晚上給她寫了一封署名“你的瓦倫丁 ”的告別信。后來，2月14日就成了一個人們可以為他們的情人展示感情的節(jié)日。現(xiàn)在，人們以不同的方式慶祝情人節(jié)，他們發(fā)送賀卡、鮮花，贈送巧克力或其他禮品，或共進(jìn)浪漫的晚餐?，F(xiàn)在這個節(jié)日已流行世界各地。在中國，這個節(jié)日也 正越來越受年輕人的歡迎。漢譯英農(nóng)歷七月初七是中國的七夕節(jié)(Qixi Festival)，是中國傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日中最具浪漫色彩的一個節(jié)日。一些大的商家每年都舉辦不同的活動，年輕人也送禮物給他們的情人。因此，七夕節(jié)被認(rèn)為是中國的“情人節(jié)”(Valentine'sDay)。七夕節(jié)來自牛郎與織女( Cowherd and Weaving Maid

29、 )的傳說。相傳，每年的這個夜晚，天上的織女 都會與牛郎相會。所以，在七夕的夜晚，人們可以看到牛郎織女在銀河(the Milky Way )相會。姑娘們也會在這一天晚上向天上的織女乞求智慧，以獲得美滿姻緣。但隨著時代的變遷，這些活動正在消失，唯有 標(biāo)志著忠貞愛情的牛郎織女的傳說一直流傳民間。July 7th on the Chinese calendar is Chinese Qixi Festival, the most romantic of all the traditional Chinese holidays.Every year, some big bus in esses org

30、a nize various activities, and young people send gifts to their lovers. As a result,the Qixi Festival is con sidered to be Chin ese "Vale nti ne's Day". The Qixi Festival is derived from the lege nd of Cowherd and Weav ing Maid. The lege nd holds that on this particular ni ght every ye

31、ar the Weav ing Maid in heave n meets with Cowherd. So, people can see Cowherd and Weav ing Maid meeti ng in the Milky Way on the ni ght ofQixi. On this night, girls would also beg Weaving Maid for some wisdom for a happy marriage. But, with the cha nging of times, these activities are dimi nishi ng

32、. All that remai ns is the lege nd of Cowherd and Weav ing Maid, asig n of faithful love, con ti nu ously circulated among the folk.Unit 5 Tran slati on英譯漢The Age of Discovery, also called the Age of Explorati on, is a historical period of Europea n global explorati on that started in the early 15th

33、 century and continued until the 18th century. It is usually regarded as a bridge between the Middle Ages and the Moder n era, i n the con text of emerg ing wester n imperialism and econo mic competiti on between European kingdoms seeking wealth through the establishment of trade routes and colonies

34、. Among many great explorers during this period, the most outstanding one was Christopher Columbus since he discovered the New World. Europea n overseas expa nsion led to the rise of col on ial empires, with the con tact betwee n theOld and New Worlds produc ing the excha nge: a wide tran sfer of pl

35、a nts, an imals, foods, culture, and so forth. Thisrepresented one of the most significant global events concerning ecology, agriculture, and culture in history. European exploration allowed the global mapping of the world, resulting in a new world-view and distant civilizati ons ack no wledg ing ea

36、ch other.大發(fā)現(xiàn)年代，也被稱為大勘探年代，是歐洲進(jìn)行全球勘查的一個歷史時期，始于15世紀(jì)初并一直持續(xù)到18世紀(jì)。這一時期通常被認(rèn)為是中世紀(jì)和近代之間的橋梁，當(dāng)時西方帝國主義剛興起，歐洲各王國之間正在經(jīng)濟(jì)上互相競爭，他們想通過建立貿(mào)易路線和殖民地來尋找財富。在這一時期眾多偉大的探險家中，最杰 出的是 克里斯托弗？哥倫布，因為他發(fā)現(xiàn)了新大陸。歐洲的海外擴(kuò)張導(dǎo)致了殖民帝國的崛起，舊大陸與新大陸的接觸也促成了兩邊的互相交換：大量的植物、動物、食物、文化等得到遷移。這代表了歷史上生態(tài)、農(nóng)業(yè)和文化在全球范圍內(nèi)最重大的活動之一。歐洲大勘探讓繪制全球性的世界地圖成為可能，從而使人們看到一個新的世界與古

37、老的文明正遙相呼應(yīng)。漢譯英Eurasia )的交通線路，由于這條商路以絲綢貿(mào)絲綢之路(Silk Road )是我國古代一條連接中國和歐亞大陸(易為主，故稱"絲綢之路"。作為國際貿(mào)易的通道和文化交流的橋梁，絲綢之路有效地促進(jìn)了東西方經(jīng)濟(jì)文化交流和發(fā)展，對世界文明進(jìn)程有著深遠(yuǎn)影響。當(dāng)前，在新的歷史條件下，我國提出了 "一帶一路"（One Belt,One Road） （即"絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶"和"21世紀(jì)海上絲綢之路"）的戰(zhàn)略構(gòu)想。"一帶一路"以合作共贏為核心，強(qiáng)調(diào)相關(guān)各國的互利共贏和共同發(fā)展。這一戰(zhàn)略

38、一經(jīng)提出即受到沿線各國的積極響應(yīng)。The Silk Road is a traffic route in the ancient times connecting China and Eurasia. This trade route focuses on the trade of silk, hence the n ame "the Silk Road". As an intern ati onal trade cha nnel and a bridge of cultural excha nges, the Silk Road effectively improved

39、the econo mic and cultural excha nges and developme nt betwee n the East and the West, exerting a profound impact on the progress of the world civilization. Nowadays, under the new historical circumsta nces, our country proposes the strategy of "One Belt, One Road" （n amely the Silk Road E

40、cono mic Belt and the 21st-century Maritime Silk Road）. The strategy of "One Belt, One Road" focuses on cooperationandmutual ben efits, emphasiz ing mutual ben efits, wi n-win, as well as com mon developme nt of the related coun tries.Once proposed, the strategy has received positive resp

41、on ses from the related coun tries along the road.Unit 6英譯漢Minimalism （ 極簡主義 ）is about getting rid of excess stuff and keeping only what you need. Minimalist living, in simplest terms, is to live with as less as possible, men tally and physically un til you achieve peace of mind. Results that en sue

42、 are less stress, more time, and in creased happ in ess. Mi ni malists like to say that they're livi ng more meaningfully, more deliberately, and that the minimalist lifestyle allows them to focus on what's more importantin life: frie nds, hobbies, travel, experie nces.Of course, mi ni malis

43、m does n't mea n there's anything in here ntlywrong with owning material possessions. Today's problem seems to be that we tend to give too much meaning to our thin gs, ofte n forsaki ng （ 拋棄 ）our health, our relati on ships, our passi ons, our pers onal growth, and our desire to con trib

44、ute bey ond ourselves. In additi on to its applicati on in people's daily life, mini malism also finds application in many creative disciplines, including art, architecture, design, dance, film making, theater, music, fashi on, photography and literature.極簡主義是指去掉多余的，僅保留需要的部分。用最簡單的話來說，極簡的生活方式，就是生

45、活得越簡單越好，直到獲得心靈的平靜，這種簡單既是精神上的，也是身體上的。這樣的生活方式會減輕壓力，帶來更多自由時間，并增強(qiáng)幸福感。極簡主義者會說，他們生活得更有意義了，更從容了，極簡的生活方式讓 他們著眼于生活中更重要的事物：朋友、愛好、旅游和體驗。當(dāng)然，極簡主義并不意味著擁有物質(zhì)財富從本質(zhì)上來講有什么不對?，F(xiàn)在的問題似乎在于，我們往往太重視所擁有的東西，而常常拋棄了健康、人與人之間的關(guān)系、我們的熱情、個人成長，以及幫助他人的愿望。極簡主義除了在我們的日常生活中可以得 到應(yīng)用，還存在于很多創(chuàng)意領(lǐng)域，包括藝術(shù)、建筑、設(shè)計、舞蹈、電影、戲劇、音樂、時尚、攝影和文學(xué)漢譯英國民幸福指數(shù)(Nationa

46、l Happiness Index ，NHI )是衡量人們幸福感的一種指數(shù)，也是衡量一個國家或地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、居民生活與幸福水平的指標(biāo)工具。隨著中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速增長，中國政府越來越重視人民群眾生活質(zhì)量和幸福指數(shù)的提升。政府注重改善民生，努力改善人民群眾的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況，滿足人民群眾日益增長的物質(zhì)文化需求。當(dāng)前，中國政府提倡釋放改革紅利，讓人民群眾得到更多實(shí)惠。所有這些都將有效促進(jìn)我國國民幸福指數(shù)不斷提升。Nati onal Happ in ess In dex (NHI) is an in dex that measures how happy people are. It is also a tool

47、 that measures the levels of econo mic developme ntand people's livelihood and happ in ess in a country or regi on. With the fastgrowth of Chin ese econo my, the Chin ese gover nment has bee n pay ing more and more atte nti on to people's liv ing quality and the in crease of happ in ess in d

48、ex. The gover nment stresses improveme nt of its people's livelihood, strivi ng to improve their econo mic con diti ons and meet their grow ing material and cultural n eeds. Curre ntly, theChin ese gover nment advocates the uni eash ing of more reform divide nds, with the aim of offeri ng more r

49、eal ben efits to its people. All these measures will comb ine to effectively in crease the NHI of our people.Unit 7英譯漢The color and style of a wedd ing gow n can depe nd on the religi on and culture of the wedd ing participa nts. For example, in Western cultures brides often choose a white wedding d

50、ress, while in China the traditional wedding dress is in red. Though white has become the most preferred color for wedd ing gow ns across the world today, this was not a widespread trend before the Victorian era. White became a popular option in 1840, when Queen Victoria wore a white gown at her wed

51、ding. The official wedding photograph was widely published, and many brides chose white to become the followers of the Queen. Many people believed that the color white symbolized virginity, though this was not the original intention. As far as the style is concerned, wedding dresses were once typica

52、lly short in the front with a Ion ger train in the back. This tendency continued un til the late 1960s, whe n it became popular to revert to long, full-skirted desig ns.婚紗禮服的顏色和款式可取決于婚禮參與者的宗教和文化。例如，在西方文化中新娘通常會選擇白色的婚紗，而在中國，傳統(tǒng)的結(jié)婚禮服是紅色的。雖然白色已成為當(dāng)今婚紗禮服在世界各地最受青睞的顏色，可是這在維多利亞時期之前并不是一個普遍的潮流。白色在1840年成為了一個受歡迎的

53、選擇，那年維多利亞女王在她 的婚禮上穿了一件白色的禮服。官方的婚禮照片被廣泛刊登后，很多新娘都仿效女王選擇白色。很多人相信白色象征著童貞，盡管這不是她們選擇白色的初衷。就款式而言，婚紗禮服曾一度是前面短短的、后面是長長的裙擺。這種趨勢一直持續(xù)到20世紀(jì)60年代后期，那個時期全長裙邊的設(shè)計恢復(fù)了流行。漢譯英中國是絲綢的故鄉(xiāng)，因而有很多與絲綢相關(guān)的藝術(shù)，刺繡(embroidery )就是其中的一種。刺繡是中國民間傳統(tǒng)手工藝之一，至少有兩、三千年的歷史。從事刺繡的多為女子，因此刺繡又被稱為"女紅"(women'sneedlework )。朿9繡在中國受到了人們廣泛的喜愛。

54、刺繡可用來裝飾衣物，如在衣服、被子、枕套(pillowcase )等物品上繡上美麗的圖案，也可制作成特別的飾品(ornament )。中國有四大名繡:蘇州的蘇繡、廣東的粵繡、湖南的湘繡以及四川的蜀繡。各種繡法不僅風(fēng)格有差異，主題也各有不同。在這其中，蘇州的蘇繡最 負(fù)盛名。Chi na is home to silk, thereby hav ing a variety of arts related to silk, one of which is embroidery. Embroidery, with at least two or three thousand years of hist

55、ory, is one of the Chinese traditional folk arts and crafts. Since most embroiderers are women, it's also called "women'sneedlework".Embroidery has been much-loved by theChin ese people. It can be used to beautify cloth ing and thin gs. For example, clothes, quilts, pillowcases etc

56、. can be embroidered with beautiful desig ns, or a piece of embroidery can be made for a special orn ame nt. There are four most famous types of embroidery in Chi na: Suxiu from Suzhou, Y uexiu from Guangdong, Xia ngxiufrom Hunan,and Shuxiu from Sichuan, each having its own style and theme. Among th

57、e four, Suzhou embroidery has enjoyedthe highest reputati on.Unit 8 Tran slati on英譯漢The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) is an internationalnon-governmental organization working on issuesregard ing the con servati on, research and restorati on of the en vir onment. The orga ni zati on was orig in al

58、ly n amed the World Wildlife Fund in 1961. In 1986, it changed its name to World Wide Fund for Nature to better reflect the scope of its activities. With over five million supporters worldwide, it is the world's largest independent conservation organization, working in more than 100 countries and supporting about 1,300 conservationanden vir onmen tal projects. Its missi on is to stop destro ying the pla