第02章變壓器

1、2IAX1U1E1E1I1mxa2E20U2I22E1U&1I&2I1E&2E&m&m&1I&2U&2I2E1E12緒論部分緒論部分AX1U1E1E10I1mxa2E20U1N2N1U10I01 10FN Im1E2E11E20U1011UI R與m1(0.1%0.2%)mm101 10fN i1sinmt 111sin(90 )mdeNNtdt 11114.4422mmmENEfN224.44mEjfN 114.44mEjfN 11101110101102NIEjj L IjI XI 111114.442NEjjfN 11111

2、sin(90 )deNNtdt 111011110111ddUI REEI RNNdtdt2022dUENdt 11011110110111UI REEI RjI XEE 202UE1112220ENUkENU10miiiFeimimFeiiiiFeiFeI1EmFeIII11dieLdt 11Ej L IjI X X1FeFeEI R FeR2FeFeFepI R1UmI1E1R1jXIFeIFeRX1UmI1E1R1jXmRmjXmZ1()mmmmmEI ZIRjX mmmZRjXmRmjX()FemmmFeRjXZRjXRjX1U10()mII1E1R1jXmRmjXmmI1E2EFeI

3、I1E1U1mI R1mjI X1N2IAX1U1E1E11()mLIII1mxa2E20U2I22E2NLZ1U1I11 1FN Im1E2E11E222UI R與平衡111UI R與平衡2I222FN ImF22ELZ12mFFF1 1221 mN IN IN I1 1220LN IN I11mLIII1LI1 1LN I2I22N I2222222222NIEjj L IjI XI 222224.442NEjjfN 22222sin(90 )deNNtdt 11111111()UI RjXEI ZE22222222()EI RjXUI ZU1111UI ZE ，2222EI ZU ，12

4、EkE1 1221mN IN IN I ，1mmEI Z 22N I221 2N IN I221 2N IN I222211NIIINk22214.444.44mEEjfNjfN12222NEEkEN222222I RI R22222222IRRk RI22222222IXXk XI22222LLLIZZk ZI2222()kUk EI Z=2222222221kUkEI k ZEI ZUkk1111UI ZE ，2222EI ZU,12mIII ，12mmEEI Z 1U1I2I1E1R1jXmRmjX2R2jXmI2U2U2E1U1I1R1jX2jX2R2I1E1EmRmjXmILZ1U1

5、I2U2I1N2N12m1U1I2U2I1N2Nm2E1E1R1jXmRmjX2R2jX1LI1U1I2U2I1N1N2E1E1R1jXmRmjX2R2jX2ImI1U1I2U2I2E1E1R1jXmRmjX2R2jXmI1U1I2U2I12kRRRmRmjXmI12kjXjXjX1U12II 2UkRkjXkkkZRjXkjXkR2U2I222I R22jI X12EEmI1I2I1E11I R11jI X1m1U1111UEI Z 2222EUI Z 22LUI Z 1214.44 NmEEjf 1/mmIEZ 12mIII 2U2I2coskmZkFepkFepmZ11NUU10I0P1

6、011(0.002 0.01)NmIIZZ110NmUZI22101100mFeI RI RPp0210mPRI22mmmXZRkmZFep110020UIPU、 、120NUkUkNpkNpkZkZkU1kNIIkkNPp1kNmUUp Fe比正常運(yùn)行小很多很小1kkNUZI21kNkNPRI22kkkXZR75234.575234.5KkCRR7522575225KkCRR227575kkCkCZRX kCuPp1212kRRR1212kXXXkU1kNII112kEU1R1jX2R2jXkru*kZku*kRkau*kXkkNkkkkkNNNNNZZI ZUZUuUZUUIAiBiABC

7、0ABC 13t0018003600003A3B3C1A1B1C01800360ttt0333cos3(120 )cos3BBtt 0333cos3(240 )cos3CCtt 333cos3cos3AAtt ABC1A3A1B3B3C1C0Ai0Bi0Ci3A3B3CABCXYZyzabCxabCxyzABCXYZm0itt0i00( )i t( ) t05i07i0i03i01i0it01i03i0i00103050103iiiiii030300303030030303sin3sin3(120 )sin3sin3(240 )sin3AmBmmCmmiItiItItiItItt0i0t0i1

8、3繞組接法決定繞組接法決定磁路飽和決定磁路飽和決定數(shù)學(xué)分解數(shù)學(xué)分解0i133e1eett00ee1e133e由于由于 很弱，很弱， 也很小也很小 接近正弦。接近正弦。33e13eee1800KVA1800KVA及以下容量的變壓器可采用此接法。及以下容量的變壓器可采用此接法。一次一次23e23i23e0()i 正弦波()平頂波1()正弦波3()正弦波繞組繞組1()e正弦波13()e正弦波23()e正弦波23i23相互削弱相互削弱勵(lì)磁電流勵(lì)磁電流三次諧波三次諧波主磁通主磁通三次諧波三次諧波相電動(dòng)勢(shì)相電動(dòng)勢(shì)應(yīng)用應(yīng)用YyYy心式心式無無弱弱( (走漏磁路走漏磁路) )正弦正弦1800KVA1800KV

9、A以上不用以上不用YyYy組式組式無無 強(qiáng)強(qiáng)( (走主磁路走主磁路) )尖峰尖峰不用不用YNyYNy有有( (經(jīng)中線經(jīng)中線) )無無正弦正弦可用可用YynYyn有有( (經(jīng)中線經(jīng)中線) )無無正弦正弦可用可用Yd (Dy)Yd (Dy)有有( (中有中有) )可略去可略去接近正弦接近正弦可用可用=該物理量的實(shí)際值標(biāo)幺值該物理量的基準(zhǔn)值1U*1U1111NbNNUZZI2222NbNNUZZI有功、無功或容量線電壓相電壓線電流相電流電阻、電抗或阻抗NSNS1NU2NU1NU2NU1NI2NI1NI2NI111NNNUZI222NNNUZI2*22222211122NNNNRk RRRRRZZZZ

10、k*33llNNNUUUUUUUU*cos33cos3llNNNU IU IPPPSSS*kkNkkkNNNZZ IUZUZUU*0.040.14kZ *00.0020.01I *111NIII*11I *11I *11I *1I2*11NkNkkNkNkNNNNIRIRPPRSUIU21*2* 2*1111()()kkNCuCukNNNNNI RIR IPPIRSUIIU*N*4.44()4.44NmNmNNmmmfNUEEUUfN 取*0I*mZ*10*11101011mNmNNNNZUIZZUIIII*kZ*kI*1*11111NkkkNNkNUZIZ IIZU20000NSkVA50H

11、z1212711NNUUkVkV015 C試驗(yàn)名稱電壓電流功率備注開路試驗(yàn)短路試驗(yàn)11kV9.24kV45.5A157.5A47kW129kW電壓加在低壓側(cè)電壓加在高壓側(cè)12XX01(75)3.9CR1120000157.5127NNNSIAU22200001818.211NNNSIAU1212711.54511NNUkU32222()20322220()22202222311221111 1011.5453222345.547 1011.545302645.5322233026320819240129 1058.675.2157.5157.5mmmmmmmkkkkkkUZk ZkIPRk R

12、kIXZRUPZRIIX低壓低壓222258.675.258.44kkkZR075 C000(75)2222(75)(75)234.5755.26.451234.5156.45158.4458.79kCkkCkCRZRX00001(75)2(75)(75)1(75)123.92.551129.223026320812CCkCCkmmRRRRXXXRX1U1I2U2I01(75)3.9CR129.22jXj3026mR 32081mjXj229.22jXjmI02(75)2.551CR33333311112()*22()*2112()*21818.2 241.7639.9611 1018157.

13、5 32223127 10157.5 3026127 10157.5 3218.2 22.73.75211 101818.2 240.081127 10711 10NmmNNmmNNmmNNmNNmNNmNIZUIRUIZZUIIXRRUIXXUU低壓低壓低壓39.7900300331(75)*(75)11(75)*(75)1*11157.5 58.790.0729127 10157.5 6.4510.008127 10157.5 58.440.0725127 10NkCkCNNkCkCNNkkNIZZUIRRUIXXU*11I *kZ3333*22*2229.24 100.0727127 1

14、0129 100.0064520000 100.07270.006450.0725kkkkkkkkkkkUZUIPRPIXZR*kR0*(75)kCR00*(75)(75)0.0080.0729kCkCRZ1000NSkVA12106.3NNUUkVkV04.9PkW15kPkW075 C11100057.73533 10NNNSIAU03111013022102222311111132(75)110 10200035%35%57.7354.9 1019633(5%57.735)200019619905.5%5.5% 10 105.53357.73515 1033 57NNmNmmmmkkNk

15、kNNkkCNUUZIIPRIXZRUUUZIIIPRI022222(75)1.5.7355.51.55.29kkkCXZR311110 1010033 57.735NbNUZI00*1*11*1(75)*(75)1120002010019619901.9619.91001005.50.0551001.55.290.0150.0529100100mmbmmmmbbkkbkCkkkCbbZZZRXRXZZZZZRXRXZZ00*001*2*22101010*2*222*1*2(75)11*2*222(75)14.9201.960.051000 0.05201.9619.90.055150.055

16、0.0151110000.0550.0150.0529NmmmmmkkkNkkkCkkNkkkCPP SUZRIIIXZRUPP SPZRIISXZR1.000.750500.25*2U*2I2cos0.8()超前2cos12cos0.8()滯后0.250500.751.00011222,cos,()NUUUf I常數(shù)2022212221100%100%100%NNNNNUUUUUUuUUU *2211uUU u1NU2NU2NU2U22()NUU2NU2U*121NkUUI Z *1221NUUABABU uAB 12*12II K*2U*11NU*1kI R*1kjI X2ABCD*1NU

17、*2U*LZ*12II *kR*kjXuAB 12*12II K*2U*11NU*1kI R*1kjI X2ABCD12cos()kkUABI Z12222(coscossinsin)(cossin)kkkkkI ZRX22(cossin)kkURX 時(shí)， 稱為額定電壓調(diào)整率，標(biāo)志著變壓器的輸出電壓的穩(wěn)定程度。1U20202 變壓器的短路阻抗 越小， 也越小，供電電壓越穩(wěn)定。KZUk2N0i1u1N01U1102sinUUtak2N0i1N1u101102sintdNi RUtadt101tNiL1111012sinttdRNNUtadtL1L0i解常系數(shù)非齊次微分方程得：解常系數(shù)非齊次微分方

18、程得：110rtLtmSintace 101190Ltgr磁通與電源電壓的相位差磁通與電源電壓的相位差 110rtLtmCostace 00t設(shè)合閘時(shí)（設(shè)合閘時(shí)（t=0t=0），鐵心中沒有剩磁（），鐵心中沒有剩磁（ ）：）：1.1.當(dāng)電源電壓初相位角當(dāng)電源電壓初相位角 時(shí)合閘：時(shí)合閘： 00900cos90sintmmtt 合閘后就進(jìn)入穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)，不發(fā)生瞬整過程合閘后就進(jìn)入穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)，不發(fā)生瞬整過程 t1u02.2.當(dāng)電源電壓初相位角當(dāng)電源電壓初相位角 時(shí)合閘：時(shí)合閘：00011cosrtLtmmte 自由分量是直流指數(shù)衰減量，自由分量是直流指數(shù)衰減量， 時(shí)時(shí)最大，當(dāng)最大，當(dāng) 時(shí)，穩(wěn)態(tài)分量與暫態(tài)分量時(shí)，穩(wěn)態(tài)分量與暫態(tài)分量相加可達(dá)相加可達(dá)2m0t m0180tt0pht1ut0pht1u 當(dāng)已知變壓器空載接通電源其磁通隨時(shí)當(dāng)已知變壓器空載接通電源其磁通隨時(shí)