2012新課標(biāo)同步導(dǎo)學(xué)高一英語(yǔ)課件：Module 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China英漢對(duì)照（外研版全國(guó)卷Ⅰ必修3）

1、Philosophers of Ancient ChinaAncient China was a place where states were often at war with each other.But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers.Confucius(551 BC479BC)is the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest.He stressed the importance of kindness，duty and order in

2、 society.Chinese society was influenced by these ideas for more than 2,000 years.Mencius was a thinker whose teachings were very similar to those of Confucius.Mencius was born in 372 BC.His father died when he was young，and he was brought up by his mother.He became a student of Confucius s ideas，and

3、 was then given an important position in the government of a state.However，when he saw that the ruler was not following his advice，he resigned.For many years he travelled from state to state，teaching the principles of Confucius.He then became an adviser to another ruler.He spent his last years prepa

4、ring a book of his teachings called The Book of Mencius.Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good.He taught that if the government was kind，then people would be good.He believed that people were more important than rulers，and hated the state when it treat

5、ed people badly.Mozi was another teacher who was very influential.Born in 476 BC，he came from a family which was very poor.He became famous for his unusual clothes and behaviour.Mozi founded the philosophy called Mohism.In some ways，his beliefs were similar to those of Confucius.For example，he consi

6、dered that government was most important.As a result，he spent many years trying to find a state where people would follow his teachings.Mozi believed that all men were equal.His idea of love was different from the Confucian idea of kindness.Mozi taught that we should love all human beings and look a

7、fter those who are weaker than ourselves.He hated the idea of war.Mozi died in 390 BC.,古代中國(guó)的哲學(xué)家古代中國(guó)各諸侯國(guó)之間戰(zhàn)事連連，但那也是一個(gè)產(chǎn)生了許多很大的哲學(xué)家的時(shí)期?？鬃?公元前551年公元前479年)是最具影響力的哲學(xué)家。他強(qiáng)調(diào)仁愛、責(zé)任和社會(huì)秩序的重要性。這些思想一直影響了中國(guó)社會(huì)兩千多年。孟子是一位思想家，他的學(xué)說(shuō)和孔子的很相似。孟子生于公元前372年，他早年喪父，由其母親撫養(yǎng)成人。他繼承了孔子的思想，后來(lái)在一個(gè)諸侯國(guó)身居要職。然而，當(dāng)看到統(tǒng)治者并不采納他的建議時(shí)，他便辭官而去。他周游列國(guó)多年

8、，到處傳播孔子的思想。之后他成為另一個(gè)諸侯國(guó)國(guó)君的謀士。他把最后幾年時(shí)間都花在了寫?孟子?上，這是一本有關(guān)他的學(xué)說(shuō)的書。孟子認(rèn)為人之所以不同于動(dòng)物是因?yàn)槿耸窍蛏频摹Ｋ虒?dǎo)說(shuō)如果政府施行仁政，人民就會(huì)向善。他認(rèn)為人民比統(tǒng)治者更重要，并憎恨虐待民眾的國(guó)家。墨子是另一位極具影響力的先哲。公元前476年，他出生于一個(gè)貧困家庭。他因其與眾不同的著裝及行為而著名。墨子創(chuàng)立了墨家思想。在某些方面，他的思想和孔子的有些相似。例如，他認(rèn)為政府最重要。因此，他花了很多年的時(shí)間試圖找到一個(gè)民眾信奉他的學(xué)說(shuō)的國(guó)家。墨子認(rèn)為眾生平等。他的“博愛思想與孔子的“仁愛思想不同。墨子教導(dǎo)我們要愛所有的人，照顧那些不如我們的弱者

9、。他憎恨戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。墨子于公元前390年逝世。The Industrial RevolutionIn Europe，in the second half of the eighteenth century，there was an important change in society.This change was called the “Industrial RevolutionUntil then Europe had been a farming society.With the Industrial Revolution，factories appeared and mass produc

10、tion became possible for the first time.The factories were built in towns and as a result，the population of towns and cities greatly increased.These changes became possible because of inventions such as the steam engine.This was invented in 1769 by James Watt and was the main energy source during th

11、e Industrial Revolution.At first the steam engine was used in mines，but it was soon used in factories and on the railways.During the Industrial Revolution，factory owners became more powerful than land owners.Thousands of people left the countryside to work in the city.Often，factory workers lived in poor and crowded conditions.From 1830 to the early 20th century，the Industrial Revolution spread through Europe and the US and then to other countries such as Japan.工業(yè)革命在18世紀(jì)下半葉的歐洲，社會(huì)發(fā)生了一次重大的變革。這次重大的變革被稱為“工業(yè)革命。在此之前，歐洲是一個(gè)農(nóng)業(yè)社會(huì)。隨著工業(yè)革命的來(lái)臨，工廠出現(xiàn)了，大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)首次成為可能。工廠建在城鎮(zhèn)里，結(jié)果城鎮(zhèn)及城市人口大增。之所以會(huì)產(chǎn)