七選五解題步驟與技巧

1、閱讀理解專題之閱讀理解專題之 “七選五七選五”解題步驟與解題步驟與技巧技巧命題特點：命題特點：1.題型歸納題型歸納:完形填空填的是完形填空填的是詞詞，七選五填的是，七選五填的是句子，句子， 但考察重點相似。該題型在新課標卷出現(xiàn)以來均采但考察重點相似。該題型在新課標卷出現(xiàn)以來均采用用說明文說明文。2.選材特點選材特點： 短文一般為短文一般為300詞左右的說明文或議論文，其中正詞左右的說明文或議論文，其中正文詞數(shù)文詞數(shù)240左右，選項詞數(shù)左右，選項詞數(shù)60左右。短文篇章結(jié)構(gòu)左右。短文篇章結(jié)構(gòu)常歸納為：常歸納為：提出問題提出問題解決問題解決問題，一般不在首句，一般不在首句設(shè)空。設(shè)空。 3 . 主旨句

2、主旨句 （標題類，主題句類標題類，主題句類） 設(shè)空類型設(shè)空類型 過渡性句子（文章結(jié)構(gòu)）過渡性句子（文章結(jié)構(gòu)） 細節(jié)細節(jié)注釋性句子（上下文邏輯注釋性句子（上下文邏輯 意義）意義） 一一 考綱解讀考綱解讀：主要考察學生對文章的主要考察學生對文章的整體內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)整體內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)以及以及上下文邏輯意義上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握。的理解和掌握。（考試說考試說明明）二二 命題規(guī)律及考察趨勢：命題規(guī)律及考察趨勢：考點考點題量分布題量分布2011課課標、全標、全國國12012 課標、課標、全國全國12013 課標、課標、全國全國12014 課標、課標、全國全國1主題句主題句2000過渡句過渡句1111細節(jié)細節(jié)2

3、4442016年的高考將繼續(xù)以年的高考將繼續(xù)以說明文說明文為為主。主。對對細節(jié)題細節(jié)題的考察為七選五的考查的考察為七選五的考查重點。重點。解題步驟解題步驟：（在高考的現(xiàn)場如果考生用大量的時間（在高考的現(xiàn)場如果考生用大量的時間來徹底讀懂文章的意思其實是不現(xiàn)實的，也是沒有來徹底讀懂文章的意思其實是不現(xiàn)實的，也是沒有必要的，我們可以嘗試以下四步走。必要的，我們可以嘗試以下四步走。) 1.先讀先讀文章的開始部分文章的開始部分，明確文章的基本話題，明確文章的基本話題,然后仔細然后仔細閱讀五個空各自的閱讀五個空各自的前后前后句句尋找并畫出尋找并畫出關(guān)鍵詞關(guān)鍵詞。（一名。（一名(名詞名詞)袋（袋（代詞代詞）

4、鼠（）鼠（數(shù)詞數(shù)詞）很特殊（）很特殊（特殊疑問詞特殊疑問詞），），連（連（連詞連詞）蹦（）蹦（動詞動詞）帶跳很彪（）帶跳很彪（標點標點/標題標題）悍。）悍。） 2.要對文章中出現(xiàn)的銜接手段保持敏感度。銜接手段分要對文章中出現(xiàn)的銜接手段保持敏感度。銜接手段分為三種：為三種：詞匯銜接、邏輯銜接、結(jié)構(gòu)銜接詞匯銜接、邏輯銜接、結(jié)構(gòu)銜接。可按這幾個?？砂催@幾個原則判斷原文的空與選項是否匹配。原則判斷原文的空與選項是否匹配。 3.一旦確定一個選項，就要在該選項上做出標記（例如一旦確定一個選項，就要在該選項上做出標記（例如可以刪掉），以避免干擾和分散注意力。可以刪掉），以避免干擾和分散注意力。 4.將將選項

5、選項代入到文章中重讀，依據(jù)行文邏輯，再次確定代入到文章中重讀，依據(jù)行文邏輯，再次確定選項。選項。細節(jié)類題型解題技巧細節(jié)類題型解題技巧 (詞匯的銜接或邏輯的銜接詞匯的銜接或邏輯的銜接)答題技巧：答題技巧：1.詞匯的銜接包括：詞匯的銜接包括：1)詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)復(fù)現(xiàn)，是保證文章前后銜接而經(jīng)常使用的一復(fù)現(xiàn)，是保證文章前后銜接而經(jīng)常使用的一種寫作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位種寫作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置對置對同一個概念同一個概念進行進行重復(fù)重復(fù)描述。描述。復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系，主要是指復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系，主要是指、同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)等近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)等。 Ex2The sci

6、entists say that the human life has changed greatlyOur bodies have not been able to deal with these changes in lifestyle and this had led to new kinds of sicknesses 72 72 So they are called diseases of civilizationMany cancers and diseases of the blood system are examples of such diseases.AStone Age

7、 people lived a simple life.BBut today, we enjoy eating a lot of these.CIn that case, they would live much healthier.DAncient people also got lots of physical exercise.EThese new sicknesses were not known in ancient times.F People today probably dont want to live like our ancestors.GModern people us

8、ed to suffer from diseases of civilization.1.1. sicknessessicknessesE同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)Ex3On the other hand ,the advantages of going overseas may include day-to- day opportunities to learn a new culture,meet new friends with whom you can use and practice the language,and chances to see different parts of the

9、world._Those disadvantages include expense,time away from ones school,family, The following are its advantages. B.However, there may be a number of disadvantages. C.Consider a distance education. D.Most of us are adapted to studying at school.However?反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)2)同同范疇詞范疇詞出現(xiàn)出現(xiàn)同范疇詞同范疇詞是指是指跟此詞匯相關(guān)跟此詞匯相關(guān)或

10、或同一領(lǐng)域的同一領(lǐng)域的詞匯在文章中共同出現(xiàn)詞匯在文章中共同出現(xiàn)，達到語義銜接的目，達到語義銜接的目的。你可以的。你可以在選項中找到與此詞匯最接近的在選項中找到與此詞匯最接近的詞，詞，從而達到快而準。一般來說，上下文中從而達到快而準。一般來說，上下文中詞匯聯(lián)系越接近，上下文的銜接關(guān)系越緊密詞匯聯(lián)系越接近，上下文的銜接關(guān)系越緊密。 Ex3 Everybody gets stressed time to time. Try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed: (1) Get support. When you need he

11、lp, reach out to the people who care about you. Talk to a trusted adult, such as a parent or other relatives. 72 They might have had similar problems such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pet.A. Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation. C. Different people feel

12、stress in different ways E. You need to figure out what the problem is. F. And dont forget about your friends. 可以相信的人可以相信的人=父母父母+親戚親戚+朋友（同范疇）朋友（同范疇）F3)代詞線索代詞線索英語表達中代詞出現(xiàn)的頻率極高，英語表達中代詞出現(xiàn)的頻率極高，代詞的作用無非是指代前面提及的名代詞的作用無非是指代前面提及的名詞或形容詞概念，巧妙利用這樣的指詞或形容詞概念，巧妙利用這樣的指代關(guān)系和根據(jù)代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)差異可以代關(guān)系和根據(jù)代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)差異可以準確而快速地解題。準確而快速地

13、解題。it it可指代單數(shù)名詞或整個句子；可指代單數(shù)名詞或整個句子；theythey或或themthem指代復(fù)數(shù)名詞；指代復(fù)數(shù)名詞；oneone指代單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞；指代單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞；thatthat指指代不可數(shù)名詞或句子；代不可數(shù)名詞或句子；thisthis指代單數(shù)名詞或句子指代單數(shù)名詞或句子; ; these these 或或thosethose指代前句的復(fù)數(shù)名詞。指代前句的復(fù)數(shù)名詞。Ex5 73 They say the first step is to admit that you are angry and to recognize the real cause of the anger

14、, B. He said that laughter is much healthier than anger.A. Doctors say the solution is learning how to deal with anger.C. Anger is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time.TheyAEx6 72 72 .Their anger might be so strong that they lose control of their temper. They may act in ways unaccepta

15、ble and hurtful. People may say that someone has trouble controlling their temper._7373_E. In fact, they usually mean that a kid behaves badly when feeling angry.G. Some kids get angry more often or more easily than some other kids. GE 過渡性句子過渡性句子可以可以從細節(jié)邏輯上判斷從細節(jié)邏輯上判斷可可分為：分為： A, 并列關(guān)系：并列關(guān)系：First(ly),Se

16、cond(ly),.；First, then/next,.；In the first place， in the second place.;for one thing, for another thing ,.；then /next ,finally/last 等。等。 B, 遞進關(guān)系：遞進關(guān)系：too ,also, besides, further ,furthermore ,moreover ,whats more , in addition , as well , to make matters worse ,not .but. ,not only .but also等。等。 C, 解

17、釋例證關(guān)系：解釋例證關(guān)系：for example ,for instance ,in fact/as a matter of fact ,actually ,in other words /that is to say 等等 D, 因果關(guān)系：因果關(guān)系： so /therefore ,thus ,consequently(結(jié)果）結(jié)果） ,as a result (of), so/ such .that .,so that .等等 E, 轉(zhuǎn)折對比關(guān)系：轉(zhuǎn)折對比關(guān)系：but, however , yet ,while /though ,or /otherwise ,on the contrary ,

18、instead, nevertheless（然而）（然而）, still ,yet, on the contrary ,in contrast / comparison 等等 F, 概況歸納關(guān)系：概況歸納關(guān)系：in short , in brief , in summary ,generally speaking ,in general , to conclude ,in conclusion, in a word ,on the whole , to sum up 等等2.邏輯關(guān)系邏輯關(guān)系的銜接的銜接B. There are three practical note-taking metho

19、ds. A. You must write your notes on separate paper. C. First, the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand and remember it. _ .Second, your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test.CEx7篇章結(jié)構(gòu)類題解題篇章結(jié)構(gòu)類題解題技巧技巧根據(jù)試題所在位置確定不同的解題策略根據(jù)試題所在位置確定

20、不同的解題策略 1)如果如果問題在段首問題在段首 通常是段落主題句通常是段落主題句。認真閱讀后文內(nèi)容，根據(jù)認真閱讀后文內(nèi)容，根據(jù)段落一致性原則段落一致性原則，查找同義詞或其他相關(guān)的詞，查找同義詞或其他相關(guān)的詞，推斷出主題句。關(guān)注每段首尾句，了解大意知主推斷出主題句。關(guān)注每段首尾句，了解大意知主題題。2)如果問題在段尾如果問題在段尾 通常是通常是結(jié)論、概括性語句結(jié)論、概括性語句。注意在。注意在選項中查找選項中查找表示結(jié)果、結(jié)論、總結(jié)等的信號詞表示結(jié)果、結(jié)論、總結(jié)等的信號詞，如，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, t

21、o conclude, in a word等詞語等詞語，選項中也可發(fā)選項中也可發(fā)現(xiàn)前文的同義詞句現(xiàn)前文的同義詞句。Ex8 1.（2010新課標全國卷）新課標全國卷） 73_When a person is asking a question , show interest and a desire to understand the question by listening and asking for clarification.A.Show your true interest.B.Restate the question with respect .C.Some ideas can b

22、e quite concrete.Ex92.(2011遼寧卷）遼寧卷）Go for a walk. Mildly raised glucose(葡萄糖葡萄糖) levels can harm the area of the brain that helps you form memories and physical are blood glucose down to normal levels. In fact, exercise produces chemicals that are good for your brain . _ 74_A. This can be especially harmful to the aged.B. So take a few minutes each day to do some reading .C. In other words ,when you take