unitHotBlastStove冶金專業(yè)英語

1、unit 4 Hot Blast StoveUnit 4熱風(fēng)爐熱風(fēng)爐熱風(fēng)爐結(jié)構(gòu)熱風(fēng)爐結(jié)構(gòu)爐殼爐殼燃燒室燃燒室隔墻隔墻格子磚格子磚熱風(fēng)閥熱風(fēng)閥凈煤氣凈煤氣助燃空氣助燃空氣冷風(fēng)冷風(fēng)廢氣廢氣廢氣管道廢氣管道高爐熱風(fēng)高爐熱風(fēng)Background introduction熱風(fēng)爐（熱風(fēng)爐（Hot Blast Stove） 是現(xiàn)代大型高爐主體的一個(gè)重要組成部分，其作用是把從鼓風(fēng)機(jī)（鼓風(fēng)機(jī)（blast blower）來的冷風(fēng)加熱到工藝要求的溫度形成熱風(fēng)，然后從高爐風(fēng)口鼓入，幫助焦碳燃燒。 熱風(fēng)爐是按“蓄熱”原理工作的熱交換器，在燃燒室里燃燒煤氣，高溫廢氣通過格子磚并使之蓄熱，當(dāng)格子磚充分加熱后，熱風(fēng)爐就可以改

2、為送風(fēng)，此時(shí)有關(guān)燃燒各閥關(guān)閉，送風(fēng)各閥打開，冷風(fēng)經(jīng)格子磚而被加熱并送出。 高爐一般裝有3-4座熱風(fēng)爐，在單爐送風(fēng)時(shí)，兩座或三座在加熱，一座在送風(fēng)，輪流更換。背景介紹背景介紹Part 1 Word and Expressionsregulate . V. 調(diào)節(jié)，校對(duì)chamber .n. 室，房間combustion chamber 燃燒室checkerwork .n. 格式裝置 ，砌磚格minimize .v. 將減到最少line .n. 管線weld .v. 焊接cylinder .n. 圓柱體 圓筒Part 2 Reading and Comprehension Each hot blas

3、t stove is a large exchanger to preheat blast furnace air. It can utilize the heating value of the furnace off-gasses to heat the blast air to 1,000 to 1,350. When well designed and operated, the thermal efficiency of the stoves will be 80% to 85%. 每座熱風(fēng)爐每座熱風(fēng)爐都是一個(gè)用于預(yù)熱高爐用風(fēng)的大換熱器，它都是一個(gè)用于預(yù)熱高爐用風(fēng)的大換熱器，它能 利

4、 用 高 爐 煤 氣 的 熱 值 把 空 氣 加 熱 到能 利 用 高 爐 煤 氣 的 熱 值 把 空 氣 加 熱 到1,0001,300。當(dāng)設(shè)計(jì)合理、操作得當(dāng)時(shí)，當(dāng)設(shè)計(jì)合理、操作得當(dāng)時(shí)，熱風(fēng)爐的熱效率將達(dá)到熱風(fēng)爐的熱效率將達(dá)到80%85%。 The stove consists of several parts: the shell, the combustion chamber, the checker work, and control valves and lines that regulate and deliver the various gasses. The shell is

5、a welded steel cylinder 6 to 9 m in diameter, and typically 20 to 40 m high and its insides are lined with refractory. 熱風(fēng)爐由爐殼、燃燒室、格子磚蓄熱室、以及能夠調(diào)節(jié)和傳輸各種氣體的控制閥和多根管道組成。殼是直徑為69米，高為2040米的焊接圓鋼筒，它的內(nèi)部是耐火材料爐襯。 The combustion chamber is arranged at the inside, top or outside. Therefore, there are three types of

6、hot stovesinternal-combustion, top-combustion, external-combustion stoves . They have the same principle of operation. The size of the combustion chamber should be minimized so that the checker mass is as large as possible.燃燒室可以布置在內(nèi)部、頂部或外部，據(jù)此，熱風(fēng)爐有內(nèi)燃式、頂燃式和外燃式三種類型，它們的工作原理是一樣的。燃燒室的體積應(yīng)最小化，以便使蓄熱室盡可能大些。 T

7、he design of the stove burner is critical in assuring good combustion and efficient, stable operation. Internal ceramic burners with high mixing capability of the gas and air streams are recommended to meet this requirement. The checker chamber is packed with checker bricks which provide many small,

8、 vertically-aligned flues for the high temperature gasses. The efficiency of the stove is improved as the surface area to volume ratio for the checker mass is increased. 在保證良好燃燒和有效穩(wěn)定操作方面熱風(fēng)爐燃燒器的設(shè)計(jì)很關(guān)鍵，用煤氣和助燃空氣混合效果好的陶瓷燃燒器能夠滿足這一要求。蓄熱室是用格子磚堆砌而成的，它能提供許多直徑比較小的高溫氣體直通管。當(dāng)格子磚的表面積與體積比增加時(shí)，熱風(fēng)爐的效率就會(huì)提高。 Normal oper

9、ation utilizes three stoves. One is always on blast, while the other two are on gas. When on gas, combustion air and clean blast furnace gas are introduced into the combustion chamber. The blast furnace gas may be enriched by either natural gas or coke oven gas as necessary. The turbulent mixing of

10、the gas and air streams results in a short, intense flame after ignition. Flame temperatures of 1,200 to 1,400 are common. 三座熱風(fēng)爐工作時(shí)，通?？偸且蛔惋L(fēng)，而另兩座在燃燒。燃燒時(shí)，助燃空氣與高爐凈化煤氣被送入燃燒室（進(jìn)行燃燒），必要時(shí)，高爐煤氣可以通入天然氣或焦?fàn)t煤氣進(jìn)行富化。點(diǎn)火后，煤氣與助燃空氣渦旋混合后將產(chǎn)生較短而密的火焰，火焰溫度通常高達(dá)1,2001,400。Text By the time the hot gasses have passed downward

11、 through the checker mass, the temperature of the gasses will have been reduced to 300 to 400 before being exhausted through the chimney valves.這時(shí)，熱廢氣通過格子磚向下運(yùn)動(dòng)，在排到煙這時(shí)，熱廢氣通過格子磚向下運(yùn)動(dòng)，在排到煙道閥以前，廢氣的溫度下降到道閥以前，廢氣的溫度下降到300400。 The stove is PLC controlled with the aim of dome temperature and waste gas tempera

12、ture. In initial stage, the dome temperature is lowerer than the preset value, large flow rate of gas and air with reasonable fuel/air ratio is adopted for fast automation combustion. When the preset dome temperature is reached, then taking the dome temperature as target for auto control, i.e. keep

13、the constant gas flow and enlarge the air flow. When the preset waste gas temperature is reached, then the opreating mode auto change to let the waste gas temperature as target for auto control. Text 目前，熱風(fēng)爐的燃燒根據(jù)頂溫和廢氣溫目前，熱風(fēng)爐的燃燒根據(jù)頂溫和廢氣溫度的目標(biāo)采用度的目標(biāo)采用PLC（可編程控制器）自（可編程控制器）自動(dòng)控制，在燃燒的最初階段，熱風(fēng)爐的動(dòng)控制，在燃燒的最初階段，熱風(fēng)爐

14、的拱頂溫度比預(yù)設(shè)溫度要低，大量的煤氣拱頂溫度比預(yù)設(shè)溫度要低，大量的煤氣與空氣以合適的空燃比快速燃燒。與空氣以合適的空燃比快速燃燒。當(dāng)達(dá)當(dāng)達(dá)到頂溫的設(shè)定值以后，把頂溫當(dāng)作自動(dòng)到頂溫的設(shè)定值以后，把頂溫當(dāng)作自動(dòng)控制目標(biāo)，也就是保持恒定的煤氣流量控制目標(biāo)，也就是保持恒定的煤氣流量和較大的空氣流量。當(dāng)燃燒廢氣溫度達(dá)和較大的空氣流量。當(dāng)燃燒廢氣溫度達(dá)到設(shè)定值以后，操作模式自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換到把到設(shè)定值以后，操作模式自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換到把廢氣溫度當(dāng)作自動(dòng)控制目標(biāo)上。廢氣溫度當(dāng)作自動(dòng)控制目標(biāo)上。 When on blast, compressed cold blast air is forced upward through

15、the checker chamber (being progressively heated) exiting the stove through the hot blast valve. A portion of the cold blast is bypassed around the stove and is reintroduced to the hot blast system. This blending ensures a constant hot blast temperature. The mixer valve is open at the start of each c

16、ycle and closes progressively until the hot air leaving the stove is equal in temperature to the desired hot blast temperature. Further loss of temperature in the stove dictates changing to another stove and starting the next cycle. Text 送風(fēng)時(shí)，壓縮的冷風(fēng)進(jìn)入蓄熱室向上運(yùn)動(dòng)（逐漸地加熱），而后通過熱風(fēng)閥排出熱風(fēng)爐。一部分冷風(fēng)從熱風(fēng)爐周圍通過并（經(jīng)過混風(fēng)管）再次

17、進(jìn)入熱風(fēng)系統(tǒng)。 冷、熱風(fēng)混合能保證熱風(fēng)溫度恒定?；祜L(fēng)閥在每一循環(huán)的開始打開，在熱風(fēng)爐送出的風(fēng)溫與所需的風(fēng)溫相等時(shí)逐漸關(guān)閉。爐溫的進(jìn)一步損失則標(biāo)志著另一座熱 風(fēng)爐送風(fēng)和下一個(gè)循環(huán)的開始。 The refractories in stoves producing higher blast temperatures obviously require higher overall stove operating temperatures. Higher alumina-content refractories can be used to safely raise stove dome temper

18、ature to 1,315,whereas further increases require the used of special creep-resistant silica refractories. Refractories in stoves must also resist thermal cycling and the effects of alkali and iron oxide. The life of refratories in stoves may be quite long, but is strongly dependent on the extent of

19、contamination of the stove by impurities in the gas containing significant quantities of iron or alkali backdrafted through the stoves. Text 由于高風(fēng)溫能夠降低焦炭的消耗，所以熱風(fēng)爐耐火材料的設(shè)計(jì)也是變化很快的。高風(fēng)溫?zé)犸L(fēng)爐的耐火材料顯然承受更高的操作溫度。高鋁質(zhì)耐火材料可安全承受爐頂1,315的溫度，而溫度進(jìn)一步升高時(shí)則需要使用抗蠕變的硅磚。爐內(nèi)的耐火材料必須能很好地抵抗熱循環(huán)和堿金屬、氧化鐵的影響。爐內(nèi)耐火材料的壽命可以很長，但它取決于爐子受污染的程度

20、，這種污染是由含有鐵和堿金屬元素的氣體逆流通過爐子時(shí)產(chǎn)生的。Answer the following questions.Answer the following questions.1.How many types of the hot blast stoves are there nowadays 2.How many parts does the hot blast stove consist of ?3.Where can the combustion chamber be arranged ? 4.When is the efficiency of the stove improve

21、d ?5.What are the common flame temperatures in the hot blast stove ?6.When is the mixer valve open ?7.Is the dome temperature lower or higher than the preset value in combustion initial stage? keys:1.Nowadays,there are three types of the hot blast stoves -external-combustion, internal combustion and

22、 top-combustion .2.The stove consists of several parts: the shell, the combustion chamber, the checker work, and control valves and lines that regulate and deliver the various gasses. 3.The combustion chamber can be arranged at the inside, top or outside.Reading tasks4.When the surface area to volum

23、e ratio for the checker mass is increased, the efficiency of the stove is improved. 5.The common flame temperatures range from 1200 to 1400 .6.The mixer valve is open at the start of each cycle. 7.In combustion initial stage, the dome temperature is lower than the preset value.Reading tasks Part 3 N

24、ote Note and Translation TrainingTranslation Training1. The checker chamber is packed with checker 1. The checker chamber is packed with checker bricks which provide many small ,vertically bricks which provide many small ,vertically aligned flues for the high temperature gasses. aligned flues for th

25、e high temperature gasses. 蓄熱室是用格子磚堆砌而成，它能提供許多直徑比較小的蓄熱室是用格子磚堆砌而成，它能提供許多直徑比較小的高溫氣體直通管道。高溫氣體直通管道。Which Which 是關(guān)系代詞，它引出的定語從是關(guān)系代詞，它引出的定語從句修飾先行詞句修飾先行詞 checker bricks.checker bricks.2 . The efficiency of the stove is improved as the 2 . The efficiency of the stove is improved as the surface area to volume

26、 ratio for the checker mass surface area to volume ratio for the checker mass is increased.is increased.當(dāng)格子磚的表面積與體積比增加時(shí)，熱風(fēng)爐的效率就會(huì)提當(dāng)格子磚的表面積與體積比增加時(shí)，熱風(fēng)爐的效率就會(huì)提高。高。As As 作連詞，它在句中的意思是作連詞，它在句中的意思是 當(dāng)當(dāng).時(shí)候。例如：時(shí)候。例如：As a child he lived on a farm . As a child he lived on a farm . 他小時(shí)候住在一個(gè)農(nóng)他小時(shí)候住在一個(gè)農(nóng)場里。場里。As a chi

27、ld As a child 在這里等于在這里等于when he was a child .when he was a child .3 .The mixer valve is open at the start of 3 .The mixer valve is open at the start of each cycle and closes progressively until the each cycle and closes progressively until the hot air leaving the stove is equal in hot air leaving th

28、e stove is equal in temperature .temperature .混風(fēng)閥在每一個(gè)循環(huán)的開始打開，在熱風(fēng)爐送出的風(fēng)混風(fēng)閥在每一個(gè)循環(huán)的開始打開，在熱風(fēng)爐送出的風(fēng)溫與所需的風(fēng)溫相等時(shí)逐漸關(guān)閉。溫與所需的風(fēng)溫相等時(shí)逐漸關(guān)閉。 equelequel 常與常與 to , with to , with 連用，意思是連用，意思是 相等的相等的 ，相同的，相同的。例如：。例如：one one lili is is equelequel to half a to half a kilometrekilometre . . 一華里等一華里等于半公里。于半公里。It is It is eq

29、uelequel to me whether he comes to me whether he comes or not .or not .他來不來對(duì)我都一樣。他來不來對(duì)我都一樣。4. The refractory design in hot blast furnace 4. The refractory design in hot blast furnace is also changing rapidly as higher blast is also changing rapidly as higher blast temperature are employed to reduce

30、coke temperature are employed to reduce coke consumption.consumption.由于高風(fēng)溫能夠降低焦炭的消耗，所以熱風(fēng)爐耐火材由于高風(fēng)溫能夠降低焦炭的消耗，所以熱風(fēng)爐耐火材料的設(shè)計(jì)也是變化很快的。料的設(shè)計(jì)也是變化很快的。 asas連詞引出原因狀語從連詞引出原因狀語從句。例如：句。例如：As he was not feeling well ,we all As he was not feeling well ,we all told him to stay at home .told him to stay at home .由于他感到不

31、舒服，我由于他感到不舒服，我們都要他呆在家里。們都要他呆在家里。5. The refractories in stoves producing higher blast temperatures obviously require higher overall stove operating temperatures. Higher alumina-content refractories can be used to safely raise stove dome temperature to 1,315,whereas further increases require the used

32、of special creep-resistant silica refractories.高風(fēng)溫?zé)犸L(fēng)爐的耐火材料顯然承受更高的操作溫度。高鋁高風(fēng)溫?zé)犸L(fēng)爐的耐火材料顯然承受更高的操作溫度。高鋁質(zhì)耐火材料可安全承受爐頂質(zhì)耐火材料可安全承受爐頂1,315的溫度，而溫度進(jìn)一步的溫度，而溫度進(jìn)一步升高時(shí)則需要使用抗蠕變的硅磚。動(dòng)詞不定式升高時(shí)則需要使用抗蠕變的硅磚。動(dòng)詞不定式 to safely raise stove dome temperature to 1315 C是主語補(bǔ)足語，是主語補(bǔ)足語，in stove producing higher blast temperatures 是介詞是介詞

33、短語作定語修飾短語作定語修飾the refractories producing higher blast temperatures 修飾修飾stove.6. 6. . The life of refratories in stoves may be quite long, but is strongly dependent on the extent of contamination of the stove by impurities in the gas containing significant quantities of iron or alkali backdrafted thr

34、ough the stoves.爐內(nèi)耐火材料的壽命可以很長，但它取決于爐子爐內(nèi)耐火材料的壽命可以很長，但它取決于爐子受污染的程度，這種污染是由含有鐵和堿金屬元受污染的程度，這種污染是由含有鐵和堿金屬元素的氣體逆流通過爐子時(shí)產(chǎn)生的。素的氣體逆流通過爐子時(shí)產(chǎn)生的。 Translation Training Translation Training翻譯技巧（四） 詞類轉(zhuǎn)義法（1 1） 英語和漢語屬于兩個(gè)不同的語系，英語和漢語屬于兩個(gè)不同的語系，英語屬于印歐語系，漢語屬于漢藏語系英語屬于印歐語系，漢語屬于漢藏語系。兩種語言表達(dá)方式不同，在翻譯過程。兩種語言表達(dá)方式不同，在翻譯過程中，有些句子不能逐詞對(duì)

35、譯，需要轉(zhuǎn)譯中，有些句子不能逐詞對(duì)譯，需要轉(zhuǎn)譯詞類，才能使譯文通順自然。詞類，才能使譯文通順自然。Translation skills名詞的轉(zhuǎn)譯（1 1） 英語中大量由動(dòng)詞派生的的名詞和具有動(dòng)作意義的名詞以及其它名詞可以轉(zhuǎn)譯成漢語的動(dòng)詞；由形容詞派生的抽象名詞作表語或賓語時(shí)，往往可轉(zhuǎn)譯成形容詞和副詞。例如：（1）1. Light from the sun is a mixture of light of many different colours.太陽光是由許多不同顏色的光混合而成的。2. Rockets have found application for the exploration

36、of the universe.火箭用來探索宇宙。3.Talking with his son, the old man was the forgiver of the young man s past wrong doings.在和兒子談話時(shí)，老人寬恕了年輕人過去所干的壞事。Translation skills（2）A. Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study.獨(dú)立思考對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)是絕對(duì)必要的。B. He had the kindness to show me the way.他好意地給我指路。名詞的轉(zhuǎn)譯（名詞的轉(zhuǎn)譯（2） 漢語

37、中的名詞有時(shí)可轉(zhuǎn)換成英語中的動(dòng)詞、形容詞、連詞等。 1）例如：1. His lecture impressed the audience deeply.他的演講聽眾印象很深。2. Our bodies are heated by the consumption of sugar in the blood.人體的體溫是靠消耗血液中的糖份來維持。Translation skills2）例如1. Air is perfectly elastic.空氣是一種彈性氣體。 2 .Radium and uranium are radioactive.鐳和鈾是放射性很強(qiáng)。3）This is why alloy

38、s are widely used in industry.這就是工業(yè)上廣泛使用合金的原因。Translation skillspart 4 Exerises.Translate.Translate the following expressions into English the following expressions into English1. 內(nèi)燃式熱風(fēng)爐 2.燃燒室 3.格子磚 4.陶瓷燃燒器 5. 煙囪 6.冷風(fēng)閥 7.蓄熱室 8.高溫 9.天然氣Keys:Keys:1.internal-combustion hot stove4.ceramic burner7.checke

39、r chamber2. combustion chamber5. chimney8. high temperature3. checker brick6. cold blast valve9. natural gasexerises.Fill in the blanks with the words from the text. The first letter of the word is given.1. Each hot blast s is a large heat exchanger utilizing the heating value of the furnace off-gas

40、ses to heat the blast air to 1,000 to 1,200. 2. The stove consists of several parts: the shell, the c chamber, the checker work, and control valves and lines that regulate and deliver the various gasses. 3. The size of the combustion chamber should be minimized so that the checker mass is as as poss

41、ible. 4. Normal operation utilizes three stoves such that one is always on b , while the other two are on gas. 5. The l of refratories in stoves may be quite long, but is strongly dependent on the extent of contamination of the stove by impurities in the gas containing significant quantities of iron

42、 or alkali backdrafted through the stoves. Keys: 1.stove bustion 3.large 4.blast 5. lifeexerises Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions Normal operation utilizes three Normal operation utilizes three stoves such that one is always on blast, while stoves such that one is always on blast, wh

43、ile the other two are the other two are gas. when on gas, gas. when on gas, combustion air and clean blast furnace gas are combustion air and clean blast furnace gas are introduced _ the combustion chamber. The introduced _ the combustion chamber. The blast furnace gas may be enriched_ either blast

44、furnace gas may be enriched_ either natural gas or coke oven gas as necessary. natural gas or coke oven gas as necessary. The turbulent mixing _ the gas and air streams The turbulent mixing _ the gas and air streams results_ a short, intense flame _ results_ a short, intense flame _ ignition. Flame

45、temperatures_1,200 to 1,400ignition. Flame temperatures_1,200 to 1,400C C are common. _ the time the hot gases have are common. _ the time the hot gases have passed downward _ the checker mass , the passed downward _ the checker mass , the temperature of the gases will have been reduced to temperatu

46、re of the gases will have been reduced to 300_400300_400C before being exhausted through the C before being exhausted through the chimney valves. chimney valves. onintobyofinafterofbythroughto Decide whether the following statements are true or false(T/F).1.Each stove is a large heat exchanger utili

47、zing the heating value of the furnace to off-gasses heat the blast air 2,000 to 2,300C.( )2.By the time the hot gasses have passed downward through the checker mass , the temperature of the gasses will have been reduced to 1,000to1,200C before being exhausted through the chimney valves.( )3.A portio

48、n of the cold blast is bypassed around the stove and is reintroduced to the hot blast system.( )4.The stove consists of several parts : the shell , the combustion chamber , the checker work , and control valves and line that regulate and deliver the various gasses.( )5.The shell is a welded steel cy

49、linder 20 to 30 mm in diameter , and typically 4 to 6 mm high and its insides are lined with refractory.( )FFTTFTranslate the following English into Chinese. Refractories are the primary materials used by the steel industry in the internal linings of furnaces for making steel and iron, in vessels fo

50、r holding and transporting metal, in furnaces for heating steel before further processing, and in the flues or stacks through which hot gases are conducted. History reveals that refractory developments have occurred largely as the result of the pressure for improvement caused by the persistent searc

51、h for superior metallurgical processes. The rapidity with which these ever-recurring refractory problems have been solved has been a large factors in the late of advancement of the iron and steel industry.Translation skills耐火材料是應(yīng)用于鋼鐵工業(yè)中的重要材料，它主要用作煉鋼爐煉鐵爐的內(nèi)襯，承裝和運(yùn)輸金屬的鋼包的內(nèi)襯，下道工序加熱鋼坯的爐子內(nèi)襯，以及傳導(dǎo)熱氣的煙道的內(nèi)襯。歷史

52、證明，堅(jiān)持不懈地尋求和開發(fā)更合理的冶金工藝，極大地推動(dòng)了耐火材料的發(fā)展，這些耐火材料問題的迅速解決又成為近代鋼鐵工業(yè)不斷發(fā)展的重要因素。 Translation skills:Thank you ！Group 1.Group 1. 每座熱風(fēng)爐都是一個(gè)用于預(yù)熱高爐用風(fēng)的每座熱風(fēng)爐都是一個(gè)用于預(yù)熱高爐用風(fēng)的大換熱器，它能利用高爐煤氣的熱值把空氣加大換熱器，它能利用高爐煤氣的熱值把空氣加熱到熱到1,0001,300。當(dāng)設(shè)計(jì)合理、操作得當(dāng)。當(dāng)設(shè)計(jì)合理、操作得當(dāng)時(shí)，熱風(fēng)爐的熱效率將達(dá)到時(shí)，熱風(fēng)爐的熱效率將達(dá)到80%85%。爐熱風(fēng)爐由爐殼、燃燒室、格子磚蓄熱室、以爐熱風(fēng)爐由爐殼、燃燒室、格子磚蓄熱室、以及能夠調(diào)節(jié)和傳輸各種氣體的控制閥和多根管及能夠調(diào)節(jié)和傳輸各種氣體的控制閥和多根管道組成。殼是直徑為道組成。殼是直徑為69米，高為米，高為2040米的米的焊接圓鋼筒，它的內(nèi)部是耐火材料爐襯。燃燒焊接圓鋼筒，它的內(nèi)部是耐火材料爐襯。燃燒室可以布置在內(nèi)部、頂部或