重復(fù)譯法(4)repetition

1、第一節(jié) 重譯法 Repetition1. Definition 2. Modes of Repetition 1). Repetition for Semantic Clarity 2). Repetition for Emphasis 3). Repetition for Vividness 1. The next day，Zou came across Mr. Xu. He thoroughly examined him and made a careful comparison. Still he could not believe he was nicer than him. He w

2、ent to look at himself in the mirror again and realized he was not as handsome as Mr. Xu. 第二天，鄒鄒碰巧見了徐大人徐大人。鄒鄒又暗暗地仔細打量著徐大人徐大人。在把自己自己與徐大人徐大人做了仔細比較后，他他仍看不出他他比徐大人徐大人還漂亮。他他回家又在鏡子面前看自己自己：他他認識到自己比不上徐大人徐大人漂亮。(鄒忌諷齊王納諫 ) 2. 堅持改革開放，不斷完善社會主義市場經(jīng)濟體制。改革開放是強國之路。必須堅定不移地推進各方面改革。改革要從實際出發(fā)，整體推進，重點突破，循序漸進，注重制度建設(shè)和創(chuàng)新。堅持社會主

3、義市場經(jīng)濟的改革方向，使市場在國家宏觀調(diào)控下對資源配置起基礎(chǔ)性作用。堅持“引進來”和“走出去”相結(jié)合，積極參與國際經(jīng)濟技術(shù)合作和競爭，不斷提高對外開放水平。 We should persevere in reform and opening up and keep improving the socialist market economy. Reform and opening up are ways to make China powerful. We must press ahead with the reform in all areas resolutely. The reform

4、must be promoted realistically, comprehensively and progressively with breakthroughs made in key areas and emphasis placed on institutional improvement and innovation. We should follow the orientation of reform toward the socialist market economy and make sure that the market forces play an essentia

5、l role in the allocation of resources under the states macroeconomic control. By both bringing in and going out, we should actively participate in international economic and technological cooperation and competition and open wider to the outside world.1. Definition Repetition: the way the key words

6、are repeated in a given sentence or paragraph or passage in such a way as to conform to the idiomatic usage of the target language in E-C translation. 重譯法重譯法為了明確、強調(diào)或生動，需要在翻譯中重復(fù)某些關(guān)鍵性詞語。重譯法其實也是一種增詞法，只是所增加的是上文出現(xiàn)過的詞語。目的有三: (1).使意義明確；(2). 表示強調(diào)；(3).使譯文生動。 2. Modes of Repetition 1). Repetition for Semantic

7、 Clarity 2). Repetition for Emphasis3). Repetition for Expressiveness 3. Repetition in E-C Translation 1). Repetition for Semantic Clarity (意義明確意義明確) A). Repetition of Nouns (重譯名詞）重譯名詞）(A). Repeat nouns used as objects(1). Let us revise our safety and sanitary regulations. 我們來修訂安全 和衛(wèi)生 吧。(2). People

8、use natural science to understand and change nature. 人類利用自然科學(xué)去了解 、改造 。(3). The chief effects of electric currents are the magnetic, heating and chemical effects. 電流的主要效應(yīng)是電磁 、熱 和化學(xué) 。(4). We have to analyze and solve problems. 我們要分析 ，解決 。(5). Last year, the output of coal in this region amounted to ab

9、out 20 percent of the whole country; of steel 25 percent; of grain 30 percent; of cotton 35 percent. 去年，這個地區(qū)的煤 約占全國總 的百分之二十，鋼 占百分之二十五，稻谷 占百分之三十，棉花 占百分之三十五。 (B). Repeat the omitted nouns before prepositions(1). A foreign language learner will get more knowledge from practice than from books. 一個學(xué)外語的人從

10、實踐中學(xué)到的 比從書本上學(xué)到的 要多。(2). The use of poison gas is clear violation of international lawin particular of the Geneva Convention. 使用毒氣顯然 國際法，特別是 日內(nèi)瓦公約。(3). Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as of admiration. 無知是羨慕的 ，也是恐懼的 。(4). The story of Tom is a story of groans and tears, of a poor fellow ill-t

11、reated. 湯姆的故事是一個充滿呻吟和淚水的 ，是一個不幸的人慘遭虐待的 。(D). Repeat anticipatory nouns (定從中的先行詞）定從中的先行詞）(1). The little apprentice in particular lived in terror of the boss, who had borne down on him so often and so hard that there was little left. 小學(xué)徒對老板老板尤其怕得要死， 經(jīng)常整他而且整得很重，簡直把他整癟了。(2). We have advanced the princi

12、ple of peaceful coexistence, which is now growing more and more popular among the nations of Asia and Africa. 我們提出了和平共處的原則，該 現(xiàn)越來越受到亞非國家的歡迎。 (3). May I extend my hearty congratulations to the Chinese athletes, through you, for the glowing success of their performance at the Beijing Olympic Games, whi

13、ch is now inspiring the entire country. 讓我通過您衷心地祝賀中國運動員，祝賀他們在北京奧運會上獲得的輝煌 , 這個 正鼓舞著全國人民。B. Repetition of VerbsA). Repeat the verb shared by several objects or predicatives (英句中常用一個動詞連接幾個賓語或表語） (1). They were starting from scratch and needed men, guns, training. 他們是白手起家，他們 人員， 槍支， 訓(xùn)練。(2). He owned a t

14、own house, a summer lodge in the mountains, a winter cabin in the desert, a car and a drivers license to take himself about. 過去，他在城里 一所住宅，在山間 一處避暑的住所，在沙漠地帶 一處避寒的住所，外出還 汽車和駕駛執(zhí)照。B). Repeat verbs common to several prepositions(1). From then on he no longer dreamed of her charming smiles, nor of her sof

15、t whispers, nor of her sweet and ardent kisses. 從那以后他不再 她迷人的微笑，不再 她那溫柔的低語，也不再 她那甜蜜而熱情的吻了。(2). They talked of themselves, of their prospects, of the journey, of the weather, of each otherof everything but our host and hostess. 他們 自己， 到前途， 到旅程， 到天氣， 到彼此的情況 到一切，只是不 我們的男女主人。 (3). Then he spoke of the ri

16、se of charity and popular education, and particularly of the spread of wealth and work. 接著他 了慈善事業(yè)的興起和教育的普及，特別 了財富和工作面的擴大。 At times, the verb is still to be repeated in Chinese even if the prepositions have been omitted in English as follows. (1). But his wife kept dining in his ears about his idlene

17、ss, his carelessness, and the ruin he was bringing on his family. 可是他老婆不斷地在他耳邊 ， 他懶惰， 他粗心，并且 他的一家人都要毀在他的身上。(2). We wanted to determine if he complied with the terms of his employment and his obligation as a clerk in the company. 我們想要確定，他是否 了受雇條件，是否 了作為公司職員所應(yīng)盡的義務(wù)。 (3). But they did not show their fee

18、lings and they spoke politely about the current and depths they had drifted their lines at and the steady good weather and of what they had seen. 但是他們并沒有把感情流露出來，只是斯斯文文地 海流， 他們把釣絲送進海水的深度， 好久不變的好天氣，還 他們所看到的一切。C. Repetition of Pronouns （重復(fù)代詞）（重復(fù)代詞）A). Repeat the nouns in Chinese for the pronouns in Eng

19、lish (英語中用代詞之處，翻譯時可重復(fù)其所替代的名詞）(1). He hated failure; he had conquered it all his life, risen above it, despised it in others. 他討厭失敗，他一生中曾戰(zhàn)勝 ，超越 ，并且藐視別人的 。(2). Although machines do work better and faster than a person does, they will never be able to replace him because they must be controlled by man.

20、 盡管機器比人工作得更好、更快，但 永遠不能取代人，因為 必須由人來控制。(3). When her eyes looked up, they were very large, odd, and attractive. 她抬起眼來的時候， 顯得很大，很特別，很動人。 (5). The change of Tom was that of a key man in a key slotsomething that symbolized the gradual transformation of the other players. 湯姆的轉(zhuǎn)變是一個把守重要關(guān)口的關(guān)鍵人物的 ，他的他的 象征著其他參

21、與者也在逐漸轉(zhuǎn)變。B). Repeat the nouns in Chinese for the possessive pronouns in English （翻譯時可不用代詞而重復(fù)其所替代的名詞）(1). Big powers have their strategies while small countries also have their own lines. 強國有 的策略，小國有 的策略。(2). Each country has its own customs. 各國有 的風(fēng)俗。C). Repeat the relative pronoun or adverb (nouns)

22、implicated in the emphatic relative pronouns or adverbs （重復(fù)強勢關(guān)系代詞或副詞）(1). You may borrow whichever novel in my bookcase you like best. 我書架上的小說你最愛看 ，你就可以借 。3). Come to my office and have a talk with me whenever you are free. 你 有空，就 到我辦公室來談一談。 Besides, repetition may be implemented semantically even i

23、f there are no recurring words in the source text.(1). He wanted to send them more aid, more weapons and a few more men. 他想給他們 些援助， 些武器， 些人員。 2). He was proficient both as a flyer and as a navigator. 他既精于精于飛行，又 導(dǎo)航。3). To him, the birds sang, the squirrel chattered and the flowers bloomed. 鳥兒 他歌唱，松鼠

24、嘰咕，花兒 開放。 B. Repetition for Emphasis （強調(diào)）（強調(diào)） While force is in one way secured by brevity, it is strange to say that emphasis is also to be maintained by skilful repetition. An important word may be repeated just for the purpose of keeping it before the readers mind. This principle holds true both

25、in English and in Chinese. 為了強調(diào)，英語句子中往往重復(fù)關(guān)鍵性的詞語，給人以深刻印象，英譯漢時可采用同樣的重復(fù)手段。A). Repetitions in English can be retained in Chinese （保留原句中的重復(fù)）(1). Prominent among the most prominent upon the most prominent shelf were series of splendidly bound volumes entitled Shakespeares Works. 在那個最 的書架上最 的書籍中 的幾卷就是精裝的名叫

26、莎士比亞全集的一套書。(2). This town is a small town, looking much like other towns of its size, but few towns enjoy so many natural advantages. 這個城市是個小城市小城市，看上去跟其他與它大小相仿的 沒有什么兩樣，但是其他 卻很少有這么多的天然優(yōu)越條件。B). Repetitions in English can be represented in synonyms in Chinese (用同義詞重復(fù)用同義詞重復(fù)）(1). Every change of season,

27、every change of weather, every hour of the day produces some change in the magical hues and shape of these mountains; and they are regarded by all good wives, far and near, as perfect barometers. 季節(jié)的每一 ，氣候的每一 ，乃至一天中的每一小時，都給這些山巒的奇幻色彩和形態(tài)帶來 ，遠近的主主婦婦都把這些看作是準確的晴雨表。(2). I know you hate me and I hate you,

28、we had better part right now. 我知道你 我，我也 你，我們最好即刻就分手吧。(3). They might be well preparing an attack against the country, hence their sizable build-up not only of troops, but of missiles, planes, and tanks along the border of the country. 他們很可能正準備進攻這個國家，因此他們沿著這個國家的邊境不僅 了大量部隊，而且 了大量導(dǎo)彈、飛機和坦克。 C). Repetiti

29、on for Vividness（生動） It is one of the many peculiarities in word-formation of Chinese to reduplicate or repeat characters or words. With these words or expressions here and there in translation, the sentences will be rendered more expressive, and the translation will sound more like the original wor

30、k. （即使原文中沒有詞的重復(fù)，翻譯時為了使譯文生動，有時也可采用重復(fù)手段）A). The use of four-character phrases to render the translated versions more expressive and idiomatic (運用運用兩個四字詞組兩個四字詞組)(1).But there had been too much publicity about her sexy case. 但她的 現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)搞得 。(2). He showed himself calm in an emergency situation. 他在情況危急時， 。 (

31、3). The questions were evidently unexpected to the slow-witted spokesman, who instantly found himself tongued-tied. 這些問題顯然使得這位頭腦遲鈍的發(fā)言人感到意外，他立刻顯得 。B). Reduplication of characters or words in Chinese(重迭重迭)(1). He had been completely honest in my replies, withholding nothing. 他的回答完全是 ，直言無隱。(2). She hop

32、ed that she had mixed enough fact and fiction in her story to mislead him. (Ruth Eby: “Ride on, Sibyl Ludington”) 她希望所說的情況 ，足以使他 。C). The use of antithetic phrases in Chinese （四字對偶詞組）（四字對偶詞組） great contributions in chaos deep hatred crudely made fine-sounding words (1). It was a bright September aft

33、ernoon, and the streets of the city were brilliant with moving people. 這是九月一晴朗的下午，那座城市的大街上，人來人往， 。(2). If it was a time of triumph for the many, it was a painful period for the few. 多數(shù)人 之日，卻是少數(shù)人 之時。(3). Eternal glory to those revolutionary martyrs who have laid down their lives for the cause of libe

34、ration of the people! 為了人民的解放事業(yè)英勇獻身的烈士們 ！4. Repetition in C-E Translation 1). Repetition for ClarityA. Repetition in C. and E. (a). 淡淡淡淡長江水，悠悠悠悠遠客情。 Coolly, coolly, the River Long rolls on; Sadly, sadly for a far place Im bound. (b). 日日日日人空老，年年年年春更歸。 In vain will man grow old ; Still spring will com

35、e again . c). 年復(fù)一年，一個世紀又一個世紀，月亮陰晴圓缺，反復(fù)循環(huán)。 Year after year and after the moon goes around through its cycles. d). 他在凄雨中蕩來蕩去，想想了又又想想，盤算盤算了了又盤盤算算。(1). He wandered about in the chill rain, and , and . (e). 蒼蒼蒼蒼竹林寺，杳杳杳杳鐘聲晚。 Green, green the temples mid bamboo; Late, late bells ring out the evening. B. Re

36、petition in C. and Substitution in E. (a). 千里黃云白日曛，北風(fēng)吹雁雪紛紛紛紛。 The yellow clouds outspread for miles have veiled the day; The north wind blows away wild geese and brings down snow. (b). 草色青青青青柳色黃，桃花歷亂李花香。 The yellow willows greet the green grass at their feet; Peach blossoms run riot, plum flowers sm

37、ell so sweet. (c). 清明時節(jié)雨紛紛紛紛，路上行人欲斷魂。 On the day of mourning for the dead its raining hard, My heart is broken on my way to the graveyard. (d). 在我的后園，可以看見墻外有兩棵樹，一株是棗樹，還有一株還是棗樹棗樹。(魯迅秋夜) Over the wall from my back garden you can see two trees. One is a date tree, so is the other.(e). 秦淮河里的船船，比北京萬生園，頤和

38、園的船船好，比西湖的船船好，比揚州瘦西湖的船船好。這幾處的船船不是覺著笨，就是覺著簡陋，局促；都不能引起乘客們的情韻，如秦淮河里的船船一樣。秦淮河里的船船約略可分為兩種?！?(朱自清：漿聲燈影里的秦淮河) The ships on the Qinhuai are better than those in Beijings Myriad Creature Garden and Summer Palace and Hangzhous West Lake, better than on Yangzhous Shouxi Lake. These in those places are either c

39、lumsy or crude and cramped, less inviting than on the Qinhuai, which fall into two categories (f). （一個世紀以來，中國人民在前進道路上經(jīng)歷了三次歷史性的巨大變化）第一次是是辛亥革命，第二次是是中華人民共和國的成立，第三次是是改革開放. The first change was represented by the Revolution of 1911, the second change by the founding of P.R. China, and the third change by

40、 the reform-opening up. (g).封建社會代替代替奴隸社會，資本主義代替代替封建主義，社會主義經(jīng)歷一個過程發(fā)展后必然代替代替資本主義。（鄧選第三卷） Feudal society replaced slavery society, capitalism supplanted feudalism, and after a long time, socialism will necessarily supersede capitalism. Reduplication of characters or words and repetition of expressions i

41、n translation for expressiveness and parallelisma rhetorical device. It is one of the many peculiarities in word-formation of Chinese to reduplicate or repeat characters or words. With these words or expressions here and there in translation, the sentences will be rendered more expressive, and the t

42、ranslation will sound more like original work. If we are acquainted with the use of Chinese characters in repetition, we will be able to make our translation smooth in reading and therefore appealing to our Chinese readers. Following is a brief summary of the repetition of Chinese characters or word

43、s in various ways: 1). Reduplication of nouns: 親屬稱呼：爺爺、奶奶、寶寶、乖乖表示”每一”或“所有”：人人、天天、字字、年年、戶戶2）Reduplication of measure words: 表示“每一”、“逐一”、“許多”：個個、件件、排排、條條、本本、篇篇、塊塊ABAB: 一個一個、一天一天、一層一層、一次一次ABB：一個個、一塊塊、一天天、一桿桿3). Reduplication of verbs: 表示短暫的動作：有“一下”或“試一試”的意思，有時表示動作的反復(fù)：單音節(jié)： 說說、聽聽、談?wù)?、歇歇、瞧瞧、弄弄雙音節(jié)：ABAB: 討論討

44、論、整理整理、熱鬧熱鬧ABA: 說一說、談一談、走一走、看一看、想了想、試了試、搖了搖(試比較: A一下： 說一下、看一下、走一下、想一下）AABB: 說說笑笑、跑跑跳跳、來來往往、吃吃喝喝4). Reduplication of adjectives:表示程度的加重、加深、加強：單音節(jié)：白白(的)、紅紅(的)、厚厚(的)、小小(的)雙音節(jié)：AABB: 干干凈凈、老老實實、高高興興 ABAB: 雪白雪白、通紅通紅、筆直筆直、冰涼冰涼5). Reduplication of adverbs: 表示程度的加強： 常常、剛剛、偏偏、僅僅、好好（地）AABB: 的地確確、時時刻刻、日日夜夜6). Re

45、duplication or juxtaposition of characters or words in other ways: (1). Imitative words: 咚咚、咯咯、哈哈、嘩嘩、喃喃(2). Adjectives or adverbs: ABB: 紅彤彤、甜絲絲、水汪汪、綠油油、靜悄悄、 光閃閃、直挺挺、笑嘻嘻、白茫茫、眼睜睜ABA: 面對面、心連心、手拉手、肩并肩(3). Words in four characters reduplicated in other ways: ABAC: 一草一木、一針一線、一進一出、無法無天、 有說有笑、土里土氣、毛手毛腳、拼死拼活

46、AABC: 欣欣向榮、哈哈大笑、紛紛要求、喋喋不休ABCC: 議論紛紛、刀光閃閃、烈火熊熊、彈痕累累ABCB: 要吃有吃、要穿有穿、說干就干、以毒攻毒Note: Although the reduplication of words is far more often seen in Chinese than in English, there are still a number of reduplicative words (double-barrelled words) in English vocabulary. A reduplicative word is a compound w

47、ord composed of two words, one rhyming with another. Following are some of such words: I. 1).clap trap: 華而不實、嘩眾取寵的言語 2). Flip-flop: 啪嗒啪嗒的動作或聲音 3). teeny weeny：小小的；小額的 4). tip-top：絕頂、高峰 5). hurry-scurry:慌忙亂竄 6).twiddle-twaddle：蠢話，玩弄文字游戲的空話 7). hurly-burly：騷亂、喧鬧 8). silly-billy：笨蛋9). whimwham: 奇想、怪念頭1

48、0). tick-took: 滴答聲11). fiddle-faddle: 瞎搞；無聊話，胡說12). fuzzy-wuzzy：南太平洋島國的人（蓄著厚厚卷發(fā)的人） 13). swingswong: 搖擺，擺動II. 14). criss-cross: 十字形，雜亂無章，混亂狀態(tài)15). wibby-wobby: 不穩(wěn)定的，搖擺的，軟弱的16). clip clop: 發(fā)得聲17). tittle-tattle: 閑聊，漫談18). pell-mell: 混亂的，亂七八糟的19). mumbo-jumbo: 迷信的崇拜物，物神20). dillydally: 吊兒朗當(dāng)?shù)叵r間III. 21). slip-slop: 平淡的22). nitty-gritty: 事情的真相，本質(zhì)23). jimjams: 害怕24).hanky-panky: 欺騙25). hobnob: 親切地交談26). namby-pamby: 優(yōu)柔寡斷的27). higgledy-piggledy: 亂七八糟28). hugger-mugger: 坑坑洼洼29). heebie-jeebies: 神經(jīng)過敏30). ha-ha: 矮墻31). giggle-giggle: 咯咯地笑32). pooh pooh: 瞧不起33).