高中--三大從句用法原理及寫作應(yīng)用第一部分

1、高中英語三大從句用法原理及寫作應(yīng)用第一部分 用法原理 導(dǎo)入-以下劃線部分從句的類別A. 賓語從句B. 狀語從句C. 定語從句Father was preparing his report while I was doing homework. （ ）Bruce Lee, who was a famous Kungfu star, will be remembered by fans.（ ）Im afraid we cant get there on time.（ ）The plan that we should build up another bridge will be discussed

2、 in the meeting.（ ）I dont know whether the movie star will come or not.（ ）I couldnt go any faster though the car behind was gaining on us. （ ） 賓語從句（一）賓語從句考點(diǎn)1連接詞；2時(shí)態(tài)；3語序；4. 寫作應(yīng)用（第二部分涉及）（二）賓語從句講解-連接詞1. that引導(dǎo)陳述意義的賓語從句，無實(shí)際意思，在從句中也不充當(dāng)任何成分；that常被省略；Jane reminded (that) having a car trip with Tina was not

3、 a good idea.2. whether與if引導(dǎo)（一般疑問句/特殊疑問句）從句，表選擇意義，意思為是否；一般情況下，whether和if 可以替換；I wondered if/whether the weather would be fine again in the next few days.【注意】先選擇答案，再劃出關(guān)鍵詞，最后總結(jié)特殊用法Everything depends on (whether/if) we have enough money. _I dont know (whether/if) the movie star will come or not. _We ha

4、vent been decided (whether/if) to go there or not . _3. what, who, whom, which這是一組連接代詞，引導(dǎo)（一般疑問句/特殊疑問句）從句。 whom引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)一般可由_替換，但如果從句的介詞提前，則只能用（whom/ who）；【考例】I wonder with _ she is angry.A. thatB. which C. who D. whom此外，when, where, why, how這是一組連接副詞，引導(dǎo)疑問意義的賓語從句。 I dont know why he was absent for schoo

5、l, for he didnt ask for a leave beforehand.4. 某些形容詞如afraid, sure, glad, happy等后也可以帶賓語從句（也有人認(rèn)為是狀語從句）?！究陬^翻譯】Im afraid (that) we cant get there on time. Hes not sure whether he can find her. （三）賓語從句講解-時(shí)態(tài)使用原則：賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)原則上應(yīng)與主句的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，即“主現(xiàn)從不限，主過從過”。1. 如果主句是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)（包括一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)），賓語從句可以是實(shí)際需要的任何時(shí)態(tài)，即“主限從不限”

6、；【考例】用給出的動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 Please tell me when we _ (have) the meeting.I still havent know who they _ about just now.A. are talkingB. talkedC. will talkD. have talked2如果主句是過去的時(shí)態(tài)（包括一般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)），賓語從句必須選用過去的某一時(shí)態(tài)，即“主過從過”；他說他會(huì)幫助她?！菊`】He said he will kill her.【正】He said he would kill her.她告訴我們露茜已經(jīng)回家去了?！菊`】She told

7、us Lucy returned home already.【正】She told us Lucy had returned home.【考例】按要求完成題目瑪麗想知道誰能回答這一問題。（完成句子；一空一詞）Mary was wondering who _ _ the question.I didnt tell them where they _ the meeting.我沒有告訴他們你們正在哪兒開會(huì)。A. will haveB. were going to haveC. had haveD. haveCopernicus (哥白尼) claimed that the earth _ arou

8、nd the sun. A. goC. wentC. goes D. was going around【注意】如果賓語從句表示的是科學(xué)其理、客觀事實(shí)或格言警句等，則不管主句是何種時(shí)態(tài)，從句一律用_。e.g She said (that) a friend in need is a friend indeed. （四）賓語從句講解-語序使用原則：賓語從句的語序一律使用陳述語序；即“連主謂”1. 當(dāng)賓語從句原為陳述句時(shí)，用that引導(dǎo)，語序不變。（注意時(shí)態(tài)的一致）e.g 老師說Tom不是個(gè)好學(xué)生。Tom isnt a good student. (The teacher told us) The

9、teacher told us (that) Tom wasnt a good student. 連 主 謂 連詞可省略；從句謂語要與主語謂語時(shí)態(tài)匹配e.g 她懷疑他是否已經(jīng)戒煙了。He has given up smoking. (She doubted)She doubted if he had given up smoking. 連主 謂if可用whether替換；從句謂語要與主語謂語時(shí)態(tài)匹配e.g 我想知道他今天究竟怎么了。I wondered whats wrong with him.I wondered whats the matter with him.whats wrong./

10、 whats the matter.句型，what在從句中既是連接詞也充當(dāng)主語，因此語序不變?！究祭颗卸ㄕ`，對的句子請?jiān)跈M線處打“”；有錯(cuò)的請劃出出錯(cuò)部分并直接改正I wondered whether Jim is a doctor._She asked me where were you going._Jean wondered what did he want to do._Could you please tell when and where the meeting will be held?_【注意】委婉表達(dá)_等句型，不表過去時(shí)態(tài)，仍然參考“主現(xiàn)從不限”原則。（五）賓語從句其他考

11、點(diǎn)-否定前置使用原則：1. 當(dāng)主句的主語為第一人稱；2. 主句謂語為think, believe, feel等觀點(diǎn)類動(dòng)詞；3. 賓語從句的否定詞前移至主句，即否定前移；e.g 我認(rèn)為他不是小偷。He isnt a thief. (I think) I think he isnt (is not) a thief. I dont (do not) think he is (not) a thief. e.g 我相信杰克學(xué)習(xí)不努力。Jack didnt study hard. (I believed) I believed Jack hadnt studied hard. I didnt beli

12、eve Jack had studied hard. 注意從句時(shí)態(tài) 注意主從句各自謂語的正確形式【即學(xué)即練】賓語從句練習(xí)題（一）將下面的句子連接成為含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句。1. These flowers are from Guangdong. (He said)He said _ these flowers _ from Guangdong.2. Light travels faster than sound. (My teacher told me)My teacher told me _ light _ faster than sound.3. There will be a meetin

13、g in five days. (Jack didnt know)Jack didnt know _ there _ _ a meeting in five days.（二）選擇填空1. What did Mike say? He said _.A. if you are free the next week B. what colour was itC. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring2. Tom asked my friend _.A. where was he from B. that the earth is bigge

14、r than the moonC. when did he come back D. not to be so angry3. Let me tell you _.A. how much is the car B. how much does the car costC. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car4. She told me the sun _ in the east.A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen5. -Where do you think _ he

15、_ the TV set? -Sorry, Ive no idea.A. /, bought B. has, bought C. did, buy D. did bought6. Mary said that she _ to Guangzhou.A. has never gone B. had never goneC. has never been D. had never been7. The students want to know whether they_ a PE class today.A. had B. has C. will have D. are 8. Can you t

16、ell me_ you were born, Betty? A. who B. what C. when D. that9. I dont know _ they have passed the exam. A. what B. if C. when D. where10. Do you know _ they listened to yesterday evening?A. what B when C why D how（三）句型轉(zhuǎn)換1. “Do you want to try it?” Toms mother asked him.（同義句；一空一詞）Toms mother asked hi

17、m _ _ _ to try it.2. This is a good idea.（I thought；否定前移；一空一詞）I _ _ this _ a good idea.3. 翻譯：一些人相信某些星球也會(huì)存在生命。_ 狀語從句（一）狀語從句考點(diǎn)1. 各種狀語從句連接詞使用；2. 狀語從句倒裝及省略；3. 寫作應(yīng)用（第二部分涉及）（二）狀語從句講解-時(shí)間狀語從句連接詞：before、after、when、while、as、since、till、until、once、as soon as.【辨析】when & whilewhen從句連接_/_（時(shí)態(tài)）；即可用（短暫性/ 持續(xù)性）動(dòng)詞When t

18、hey were talking and laughing, the teacher came in. He waved a hello when he saw her.while從句連接_（時(shí)態(tài)）；即可用（短暫性/ 持續(xù)性）動(dòng)詞While they were chatting, the teacher came in. 【辨析】notuntil1. notuntil/till表示直到才，主句通常要用短暫性動(dòng)詞People dont know the value of their health till/ until they lose it.2. 當(dāng)not until位于句首時(shí)，主句中的主語

19、、謂語要使用半倒裝語序。Not until yesterday did I know I was wrong. 【考例】按要求完成練習(xí)1. We were asked to stop when we just _ (start) working on this project.2. 我堅(jiān)持不斷嘗試直到獲得成功。（一空一詞）I _ _ on trying _ I succeed.3. _ (當(dāng).的時(shí)候) I was doing homework, my mom was preparing for dinner. （三）狀語從句講解-條件狀語從句連接詞：if, unless, so/ as lon

20、g as, as so far as, on condition that, in case.【辨析】if、unless和if .notI will let you in if you show me your pass.I wont let you in unless you show me your pass.I wont let you in if you dont show me your pass.考點(diǎn)：1. 主從句使用_；2. unless=if .notDifficulties are nothing if we are not afraid of them.Only if yo

21、u heat ice, it turns to water.考點(diǎn)：主從句使用_（四）狀語從句講解-原因狀語從句使用原則：1. why引導(dǎo)的問句只能用（because/ since/ as）回答；2. since有“既然”的意思既然大家都在這兒了，我們開干吧。 Since everyone is here, lets get started.（五）狀語從句講解-結(jié)果狀語從句連接詞：so that/ sothat/suchthat1. so +adj./adv. +thatso +adj. +a/an +可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+ thatso +many/much/few/little+名詞+thatIt

22、is so hot that we cant sleep. It is so interesting a book that she has read it twice. 2. such +a/an+adj.+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+thatsuch +adj. +復(fù)數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+thatsuch +a lot of/lots of +名詞+thatIt is such a useful book that she has read it twice. There was such delicious food that he had too much.3. so that 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句表示實(shí)

23、現(xiàn)的一件事或一個(gè)事實(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞一般不和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用；She hurried, so that she caught the bus. （結(jié)果） She hurried so that she might catch the bus.（目的）【考例】用so that、sothat、suchthat填空1. He studied hard _ he passed the exam. 2. He was _ angry _ he couldnt speak. 3. There was _ a lot of rain _ we couldnt go out. 4. Its _ interestin

24、g a film _ we all want to see it. 5. He had _ many falls _ he was black and blue all over. （六）狀語從句講解-讓步狀語從句連接詞：although, though, ever, no matter (who, wha, etc), even if, even though.【辨析】although 和though均意為“雖然，盡管”，二者均不可以與_連用；although較though 正式，更多用于句首；though可用于句首、句中或句末（句末時(shí)意為“可是”）；【辨析】as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)意為“盡管

25、”，從句要部分倒裝；其結(jié)構(gòu)為：n./adj./adv./v +as +主語謂語e.g 盡管他很年輕，他能用幾種外語讀寫。Young as he is, he can read and write in several foreign languages.(As he is young)e.g 盡管他還是小孩，他已經(jīng)要負(fù)擔(dān)家計(jì)了。Child as he was, he had to support the family.（表語名詞提前并常省去冠詞）(As he was child) 【考例】按要求完成練習(xí)1. No matter _ much I have to pay, I will take

26、 it. （填空）2. There was never any time for Kate to feel lonely, _ she was an only child.A. ever since B. now that C. even though D. even as3. You should try to get a good nights sleep _ much work you have to do.A. however B. no matter C. although D. whatever（七）狀語從句講解-地點(diǎn)狀語從句連接詞：where, wherever和everywhe

27、re，anywhere等引導(dǎo)，Wuhan lies where the Yangtze and the Han River meet.Youd better make a mark where you have any questions.Ill go wherever he goes.Everywhere they went, they were kindly received.注意：在地點(diǎn)狀語從句之前，不要使用介詞。（八）狀語從句講解-目的狀語從句連接詞：so，so that，in order that，in case，for fear that，lest (唯恐、以免、為不使）等；其謂語

28、動(dòng)詞常與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can、could、may、might、should、would連用。e.g 帶上雨衣，以防下雨。 Take your raincoat in case it rains. 他很早就離開了，生怕錯(cuò)過最后一班火車。 He left early in case he should miss the last train.【考例】1. Id like to arrive 20 minutes early_ I can have time for a cup of tea.A. as soon as B. as a result C. in case D. so that2. John

29、 may phone tonight. I dont want to go out _ he phones.A. as long as B. in order that C. in case D. so that3. The Shanghai citizens are making great efforts to beautify the city_ more overseas companies will come. A. in order that B. so as to C. so long as D. on condition that（九）狀語從句講解-方式狀語從句連接：as (象

30、.一樣,正如, 按照)、as if/as though (好象,宛如)e.g 請按照人家告訴你做的去做。 Please do as you are told. 他的行動(dòng)就好象什么也沒有發(fā)生。 He acted as if (though) nothing had happened.（十）狀語從句講解-比較狀語從句連接詞：as.as(和一樣)、the sameas、not as/soas (不如)、the morethe more(越越).e.g 他和我一樣大。 He is as old as I (am). 他工作的和一個(gè)有技術(shù)的工人一樣快。He worked as fast as a ski

31、lled worker (did).【注意】這種從句也可省略動(dòng)詞【考例】翻譯：你工作越努力，你取得的進(jìn)步就越大。_【即學(xué)即練】1. I took my driving license with me on holiday, _ I wanted to hire a car.A. in case B. even if C. ever since D. if only2. Anyone, once _ positive for H7N9 flu virus, will receive free medical treatment from our government.A. to be teste

32、d B. being tested C. tested D. to test3. You must learn to consult your feelings and your reason _ you reach any decision. A. although B. Before C. Because D. unless4. In the global economy, a new drug for cancer, _ it is discovered, will create many economic possibilities around the world.A. whatev

33、er B. whoever C. wherever D. whichever5. She says that shell have to close the shop _ business improves.A. if B. Unless C. After D. when6. If _ to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once.A. askedB. to askC. askingD. having asked7. One can always manage to do more things, no ma

34、tter _ full ones schedule is in life. A. how B. what C. when D. where8. Mark needs to learn Chinese _ his company is opening a branch in Beijing. A. unless B. until C. although D. since 9. _ I have to give a speech, I get extremely nervous before I start. A. WhateverB. WheneverC. Whoever D. However

35、10. I have heard a lot of good things about you _ I came back from abroad. A. since B. until C. before D. when11. He was so busy. He cannot afford enough time with his son _ he wants to.A. even if B. as if C. because D. before12. _ small, the company has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries.A. As

36、 B. If C. Although D. Once13. There are some health problems that, when _ in time, can become bigger ones later on.A. not treated B. not being treated C. not to be treated D. not have been treated14. _ we have enough evidence, we cant win the case.A. Once B. As long as C. Unless D. Since15. Its much

37、 easier to make friends_ you have similar interests.A. unless B. when C. even though D. so that16. Dont turn off the computer before closing all programs you could have problems A. or B. and C. but D. so17. Read this story, _ you will realize that not everything can be bought with money. A. or B. an

38、d C. but D. so18. I was glad to meet Jenny again, _I didnt want to spend all day with her. A. but B. and C. so D. or19. Theres no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery _ another man, also intelligent, fails.A. since B. if C. as D. while20. Its not easy to change habits, with awaren

39、ess and self-control, it is possible. A. for B. or C. but D. so 定語從句（一）定語從句考點(diǎn)1. 定語從句連接詞使用；2. 寫作應(yīng)用（第二部分涉及）（二）定語從句講解-關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞指人指物主語賓語定語表語主語賓語定語表語thatwhothatwhowhom(可省)whosethatthatwhichthatwhich(可省)whosethat關(guān)系副詞時(shí)間地點(diǎn)原因when介詞whichwhere介詞whichwhyfor which【注意】使用何種關(guān)系詞，取決于先行詞及先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)何種句子成分【考例】用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞

40、填空I still remember the day _ we studied together.I still remember the day _ we spent together.This is the factory _ he used to work.This is the factory _ we visited yesterday.This is the factory _ makes this kind of car.This is the reason _ he explained.This is the reason _ he failed in the exam.I d

41、ont know the way _ he used last time.【辨析】as和which的用法區(qū)別She is so nice a girl as we all like. 當(dāng)先行詞前面有so + adj. + a / such + (a) + adj. , the same/such等詞修飾時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞只能用asAs is planned, we got there before eight. 從句置于句首只用asHe asked her to help him with his English, which she did. 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞代替主句中的賓語從句或復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)(如：賓+補(bǔ)；不

42、定式短語；動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語等) 時(shí)，一般只能用which【辨析】只能用that 或which的情況 1. 只用that的場合：e.g 當(dāng)先行詞既指人又指物時(shí)This is the money and the robber that the police found.e.g 當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞thing，all，some，little，few，much，none 或被不定代詞修飾時(shí)There is nothing that I can say.e.g當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞所修飾時(shí)This is the best song that I have ever listened to.e.

43、g 當(dāng)先行詞被the only和the very所修飾時(shí)This is the very last class that we have.e.g當(dāng)要避免與疑問詞which重復(fù)時(shí)Which is the girl that will give a speech tomorrow?2. 只用which 的場合：e.g “介詞which”，指物This is the house in which we lived in the past.e.g非限制性定語從句中The house, which is about to be repaired, was burnt down last night.e.

44、g防止重復(fù)【考例】用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空He told us all _ had happened.This is the most interesting film_ I have ever seen.This is the first place _ we visited yesterday.This is the first place _ we worked.This is the only plant _ grows in the area.The earth is unlikely to be the only planet _ life has developed gradually.The glasses without _ he couldnt see clearly were lost.I said nothing，_ made him angry.【辨析】用who 而不用that的情形My sister, who is studying abroad, sent me a beautiful present just before this Christmas.Do you know the girl in front of the blackboard who is speaking to the students?Th