高考英語寫作：概要寫作 U型三步法（基礎(chǔ)教育）

1、U1向陽書屋u“U型三步法”在概要寫作中的嘗試1概要寫作評分原則解讀2“U型三步法”的設(shè)計思路3“U型三步法”的設(shè)計課例2向陽書屋u本題總分為25分，按5個檔次給分。評分時，先根據(jù)所寫概要的內(nèi)容和語言初步確定其所屬檔次，然后以該檔次的要去來衡量、確定或調(diào)整檔次，最后給分。詞數(shù)少于40的和多于80的，從總分中減去2分。評分時，應(yīng)主要從以下四個方面考慮 .拼寫與標(biāo)點符號是語言準(zhǔn)確性的一個重要方面，評分時，應(yīng)視其對交際的影響程度予以考慮。如書寫較差以致影響交際，可將分?jǐn)?shù)降低一個檔次。1概要寫作評分原則解讀3向陽書屋u 評分時，應(yīng)主要從以下四個方面考慮： 1. 對原文要點的理解和呈現(xiàn)情況； 2. 應(yīng)用

2、語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯的準(zhǔn)確性； 3. 上下文的連貫性； 4. 對各要點表達(dá)的獨立性情況。解讀之 篇4向陽書屋u解讀之 篇檔 次描 述第五檔(21-25) 理解準(zhǔn)確，涵蓋全部要點。 能準(zhǔn)確使用相應(yīng)的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯。 有效地使用了語句間的連接成分，使所完 成的概要結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。 完全使用自己的語言。5向陽書屋u整體閱讀提煉歸納解讀文本大Passage理解準(zhǔn)確，涵蓋全部要點。小Passage 能準(zhǔn)確使用相應(yīng)的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯。 有效地使用了語句間的連接成分，使所完成的 概要結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。 完全使用自己的語言。解讀之 篇6向陽書屋uUP W要點守恒 擴(kuò)詞成句壓縮文本提煉關(guān)鍵詞W S增色添彩連句成篇S P2“U型三步法

3、”的設(shè)計思路 理解準(zhǔn)確， 涵蓋全部要點。 能準(zhǔn)確使用相應(yīng)的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯。 有效地使用了語句間的連接成分, 使結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。 完全使用自己的語言。 有效地使用了語句間的連接成分, 使結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。7向陽書屋u“U型三步法”之 第一步 P W整體閱讀 怎么找？直接提取法間接整合法直接間接混合法找什么？transitional wordskey words回視語篇 詞拼圖 還原語篇主要脈絡(luò)8向陽書屋u 第一步 P W 之 直接提取法例1（節(jié)選自2013年北京卷閱讀理解C篇） The phenomenon of tracking celebrities has been around for ages. I

4、n the 4th century B.C., painters followed Alexander the Great into battle, hoping to picture his victories for his admirers. When Charles Dickens visited America in the 19th century, his sold-out readings attracted thousands of fans, leading him to complain about his lack of privacy. Tabloids of the

5、 1920s and 1930s ran articles about film-stars in much the same way that modern tabloids and websites do. 9向陽書屋u第二步 W S 之 同義替換例1（節(jié)選自2013年北京卷閱讀理解 C篇） The tracking problem faced by celebrities has a long history.People have been crazy about /obsessed with chasing celebrities for a long time.The craze

6、for following celebrities started long ago. tracking celebrities for ages. In the 4th century B.C., in the 19th century, the 1920s and 1930s 10向陽書屋u 第一步 P W 之 間接整合法例2（節(jié)選自2014年四川卷閱讀理解E篇） Generally, people believe that the hormone oxytocin is let out in our body in various social situations and our bo

7、dy creates a large amount of it during positive social interactions such as falling in love or giving birth. But in a previous experiment Professor Ryan found that the hormone is also let out in our body during negative social interactions such as envy.11向陽書屋u 第二步 W S 之 同義替換例2（節(jié)選自2014年四川卷閱讀理解 E篇）The

8、 hormone oxytocin is released in negative as well as positive social contacts. Generally, the hormone oxytocin let out positive But negative social interactions 12向陽書屋u 第一步 P W 之 直接間接混合法例3（節(jié)選自Module 6 Unit 2 Poems） There are various reasons why people write poetry. Some poems tell a story or describ

9、e something in a way that will give a strong impression. Others try to convey certain emotions. Poets use many different forms of poetry to express themselves.13向陽書屋u 例3（節(jié)選自Module 6 Unit 2 Poems） reasons write poetry. Some describe Others convey certain emotions. 第二步 W S 之 同義替換People compose poems f

10、or different purposes, some descriptive while others emotional.Poems stem from peoples intentions of sharing stories or feelings. Poetry springs from peoples desires to depict things, or to portray emotions.14向陽書屋u“U型三步法”之 第二步 W S句內(nèi)連接 （要點內(nèi)部）（1）詞連接（2）句型連接（3）語法結(jié)構(gòu)連接要點守恒簡單句：同義替換復(fù)合句：詞的精確 句的達(dá)意 同義替換15向陽書屋u

11、第二步 W S 之 句內(nèi)連接（要點內(nèi)部）例4（節(jié)選自2013年北京卷閱讀理解 C篇） Although being famous might sound like a dream come true, todays stars, feeling like zoo animals, face pressures that few of us can imagine. They are at the center of much of the worlds attention. Paparazzi camp outside their homes, cameras ready. Tabloids

12、publish thrilling stories about their personal lives. Just imagine not being able to do anything without being photographed or interrupted for a signature. According to psychologist Christina Villarreal，celebritiesfamous peopleworry constantly about their public appearance. Eventually，they start to

13、lose track of who they really are，seeing themselves the way their fans imagine them，not as the people they were before everyone knew their names. “Over time,” Villarreal says, “they feel separated and alone.”16向陽書屋u第二步 W S 之 句內(nèi)連接:詞連接 the center of attention celebrities worry public appearacne lose t

14、rack Celebrities are the focus of much attention. They are very concerned about their public image and start to lose their own identity.Since celebrities are the focus of much attention and are overly concerned about their public image, they start to lose their own identity. and thus; as a result/co

15、nsequence; consequently.17向陽書屋u第二步 W S 之 句內(nèi)連接:句型連接 Celebrities are the focus of much attention. They are very concerned about their public image and start to lose their own identity.As the focus of much attention, not only are celebrities overly concerned about their public image, but they also star

16、t to lose themselves. As the focus of much attention, celebrities are so concerned about their public image that they even start to lose themselves on the road to fame.18向陽書屋u第二步 W S 之 句內(nèi)連接:語法結(jié)構(gòu)連接 Celebrities are the focus of much attention. They are very concerned about their public image and start

17、 to lose their own identity.Celebrities, the focus of much attention, are particularly attentive to their public image, some even losing their true selves.Chased around nearly all the time, celebrities, who strive to live up to the public expectations, even get lost on the road to fame.19向陽書屋u“U型三步法

18、”之 第三步 S P句與句連接（要點與要點之間）（1）增加連接詞（2）采用連接句（3）應(yīng)用篇章結(jié)構(gòu)語篇同構(gòu)銜接自然 行文流暢20向陽書屋u第三步 S P 連接之 增加連接詞邏輯關(guān)系連接詞表轉(zhuǎn)折yet; but; while; however; nevertheless; whereas; although; though; despite the fact that; in spite of; on the contrary; on the other hand; even so; in contrast; instead; unlike; different from; unfortunat

19、ely .表因果therefore; so; as a result/consequence; consequently; hence; thus; accordingly; in this way; because of; due to; thanks to; owing to .表遞進(jìn)whats more; whats worse; worse still; besides; in addition; moreover; also; furthermore; not only . but also; too.to表總結(jié)in short; in brief; briefly; to sum

20、up; on the whole; in conclusion; in a word .其他副詞hopefully; sadly; (un)fortunately; surprisingly . 21向陽書屋u例5（節(jié)選自2014年新課標(biāo)I卷閱讀理解 A篇） A typical lion tamer in peoples mind is an entertainer holding a whip and a chair. The whip get all of the attention, but its mostly for show. In reality, its the chair t

21、hat does the important work. When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lions face, the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the same time. With its focus divided, the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next. When faced with so many options, the lion chooses to

22、 freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair. How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion? How often do you have something you want to achiever (e.g. lose weight, start a business, travel more) only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and n

23、ever make progress? This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best, the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information. The end result is that we feel like we cant focus or that were focused on the w

24、rong things, and so we take less action, make less progress, and stay the same when we could be improving.第三步 S P 連接之 采用連接句22向陽書屋uIn face of the four legs of a waving chair, a lion stays still, unable to decide which one to concentrate on, _. When confronted with numerous choices, people tend to shr

25、ink back, making no advances.第三步 S P 連接之 采用連接句 which is often the case with humans23向陽書屋u例6（選自2015年廣東卷閱讀理解C篇） Daniel Anderson, a famous psychologist, believes its important to distinguish televisions influences on children from those of the family. We tend to blame TV, he says, for problems it doesn

26、t really cause, overlooking our own roles in shaping childrens minds. One traditional belief about television is that it reduces a childs ability to think and to understand the world. While watching TV, children do not merely absorb words and images. Instead, they learn both explicit and hidden mean

27、ings from what they see. Actually, children learn early the psychology of characters in TV shows. Furthermore, as many teachers agree, children understand far more when parents watch TV with them, explaining new words and ideas. Yet, most parents use an educational program as a chance to park their

28、kids in front of the set and do something in another room. Another argument against television is that it replaces reading as a form of entertainment. But according to Anderson, the amount of time spent watching television is not related to reading ability. TV doesnt take the place of reading for mo

29、st children; it takes the place of similar sorts of recreation, such as listening to the radio and playing sports. Things like parents educational background have a stronger influence on a childs reading. “A childs reading ability is best predicted by how much a parent reads.” Anderson says. Traditi

30、onal wisdom also has it that heavy television-watching lowers IQ scores and affects school performance. But here, too, Anderson notes that no studies have proved it. In fact, research suggests that its the other way around. “If youre smart young, youll watch less TV when youre older,” Anderson says.

31、 Yet, people of lower IQ tend to be lifelong television viewers. For years researchers have attempted to show that television is dangerous to children. However, by showing that television promotes none of the dangerous effects as conventionally believed, Anderson suggests that television cannot be c

32、ondemned without considering other influences.第三步 S P 連接之 采用篇章結(jié)構(gòu)One traditional belief .Another argument .Traditional wisdom also has .24向陽書屋u Daniel Anderson, a famous psychologist, contradicts some long-held views about the impact TVs have on kids, arguing that parents should be responsible instea

33、d. _, if accompanied by parents, kids know more while watching TV. _, watching TV doesnt weaken childrens reading ability which indeed mirrors the reading habits of parents. _, no proof shows watching TV reduces kids IQ. 第三步 S P 連接之 采用篇章結(jié)構(gòu)SecondFirstThird25向陽書屋u3“U型三步法”的設(shè)計課例例7（選自全國統(tǒng)一考試英語科考試說明P24） Ge

34、tting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt. In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up t

35、he skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of Fr

36、ance, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out. Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Sci

37、entifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War . Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea; clothes need to be whiter than w

38、hite, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far? Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebu

39、sh, an American immunologist（免疫學(xué)家）, encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground. 26向陽書屋uP-W 之 transitional words Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about a

40、ttitudes to dirt. In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king

41、had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid

42、the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out. Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practi

43、cal means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War . Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea; clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far? Attitudes to di

44、rt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist (免疫學(xué)家), encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune s

45、ystem. And the latter position is gaining some ground. 27向陽書屋uP-W 之 key words Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt. 28向陽書屋u In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out

46、 disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when

47、 the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out. P-W 之 key words 29向陽書屋uP-W 之 key words Though the b

48、elief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cl

49、eanliness have moved beyond science since World War . Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea; clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far? 30向陽書屋uP-W 之 key words Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-

50、time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist (免疫學(xué)家), encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining so

51、me ground. 31向陽書屋uW-S 之 要點1 nothing fixed; attitudes to dirt People hold different views towards dirt on our skin.People have mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin.（選自考試說明范文）There are mixed views about dirt on our skin. Opinions vary/change as to the dirt on our skin.32向陽書屋uW-S 之 要點2 dirt on the s

52、kin; block out disease; a long time; Europe; lived with dirtPeople, such as Europeans, thought dirt defended their bodies against the attack of disease.People, such as Europeans, had long considered dirt on the skin helped resist illness.For a long time in history, people of some European countries,

53、 such as France, believed that dirt protected people from getting ill.（選自考試說明范文）People, such as Europeans, used to regard dirt on the skin as a barrier against disease. 33向陽書屋uW-S 之 要點3 cleaning away dirt; good; standards of cleanliness; moved beyond science It was not until the 18th century that pe

54、ole came to believe washing off dirt benefited health, but over time they have become too particular about cleanliness.People began to change their attitudes to dirt about 200 years ago. People have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy. （選自考試說明范文）Centuries later, people came to adopt a scientific view on dirt, and considered it a healthy practice to remove dirt off the skin, which later, however, leads to an obsession with