盧誥宇lgytuzhu@163

1、污染源自動(dòng)監(jiān)控現(xiàn)場(chǎng)端常見問題及核查方法1污染源自動(dòng)監(jiān)控管理辦法第三條中明確：自動(dòng)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)，由自動(dòng)監(jiān)控設(shè)備和監(jiān)控中心組成。 自動(dòng)監(jiān)控設(shè)備是指在污染源現(xiàn)場(chǎng)安裝的用于監(jiān)控、監(jiān)測(cè)污染物排放的儀器、流量（速）計(jì)、污染治理設(shè)施運(yùn)行記錄儀和數(shù)據(jù)采集傳輸儀等儀器、儀表，是污染防治設(shè)施的組成部分。 監(jiān)控中心是指環(huán)境保護(hù)部門通過通信傳輸線路與自動(dòng)監(jiān)控設(shè)備連接用于對(duì)重點(diǎn)污染源實(shí)施自動(dòng)監(jiān)控的計(jì)算機(jī)軟件和設(shè)備等。目前實(shí)際操作中，基本是以數(shù)采儀為界，數(shù)采儀前（包括數(shù)采儀）為現(xiàn)場(chǎng)端，數(shù)采儀后為監(jiān)控中心。此處主要對(duì)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)端的問題進(jìn)行探討。2問題產(chǎn)生的根源可分為兩類：客觀原因和主觀原因?？陀^原因：現(xiàn)場(chǎng)安裝條件、儀器的精度和穩(wěn)定性

2、、復(fù)雜的污染物條件（高氯、高懸浮物、高粉塵、高腐蝕）、設(shè)備老化、設(shè)備環(huán)境、傳輸通道穩(wěn)定性（偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)通過無線傳輸）等。主觀原因：企業(yè)的意識(shí)，運(yùn)維人員責(zé)任心和技術(shù)水平、激勵(lì)和懲罰機(jī)制（在線產(chǎn)權(quán)和運(yùn)營(yíng)商的獨(dú)立運(yùn)營(yíng)）、運(yùn)維經(jīng)費(fèi)限制、監(jiān)管人員技術(shù)水平等。3檢查目的：檢查自動(dòng)監(jiān)控設(shè)備是否正常運(yùn)行。根本依據(jù)：系統(tǒng)性能能否滿足標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的要求。判定方法：根據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，對(duì)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行性能檢測(cè)。主要有兩種：一種是利用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)樣品（質(zhì)控樣）進(jìn)行判斷；一種是與手工方法數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行對(duì)比。4水污染源自動(dòng)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)主要監(jiān)測(cè)指標(biāo)：COD、氨氮、流量。基本結(jié)構(gòu)：采樣和預(yù)處理單元、分析單元、數(shù)據(jù)采集和傳輸單元。各單元常見的問題和檢查方法。污染源自動(dòng)監(jiān)控

3、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)端核查方法-定稿.pdf5大氣污染源自動(dòng)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)主要監(jiān)測(cè)指標(biāo)：SO2、NOx、粉塵、氧含量、其他煙氣參數(shù)如氧含量、溫壓流等。基本結(jié)構(gòu)：采樣和預(yù)處理單元、分析單元、數(shù)據(jù)采集和傳輸單元。各單元常見的問題和檢查方法。污染源自動(dòng)監(jiān)控現(xiàn)場(chǎng)端核查方法-定稿.pdf6現(xiàn)場(chǎng)檢查的順序采樣位置的選擇采樣管路預(yù)處理系統(tǒng)分析儀器數(shù)據(jù)采集和傳輸7關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)的把握1、特征工況。（開停機(jī)、負(fù)荷變化、水量時(shí)變化特征等）2、特殊時(shí)段。（反吹、標(biāo)定）3、特征值。（硫分-SO2濃度關(guān)系、風(fēng)量-負(fù)荷關(guān)系等）8結(jié) 語上述的內(nèi)容是我們?cè)谌粘９ぷ髦信龅降囊恍﹩栴}的總結(jié)，還有很多遺漏甚至謬誤的地方。有的內(nèi)容，目前業(yè)內(nèi)也還有很多不同的意見，

4、還有許多值得討論的地方。歡迎各位同仁批評(píng)指正，我們不勝感謝！9謝 謝!10超聲波明渠流量計(jì)利用超聲波探頭測(cè)定量水堰槽液位的原理測(cè)定流量。量水堰槽是否規(guī)范，是能否準(zhǔn)確測(cè)定流量的關(guān)鍵。常見的量水堰槽包括：三角堰、矩形堰、巴歇爾槽。11類別序號(hào)喉道段收縮段擴(kuò)散段墻高bLNB1L1LaB2L2KD 小 型10.0250.0760.0290.1670.3560.2370.0930.2030.0190.2320.0510.1140.0430.2140.4060.2710.1350.2540.0220.263 0.0760.1520.0570.2590.4570.3050.1780.3050.0250.46

5、40.1520.3050.1140.4000.6100.4070.3940.6100.0760.6150.2280.3050.1140.5750.8640.5760.3810.4570.0760.77標(biāo)準(zhǔn)型60.250.600.230.781.3250.8830.550.920.080.8070.300.600.230.841.3500.9020.600.920.080.9580.450.600.231.021.4250.9480.750.920.080.9590.600.600.231.201.5001.00.900.920.080.95100.750.600.231.381.5751.05

6、31.050.920.080.95110.900.600.231.561.6501.0991.200.920.080.95121.000.600.231.681.7051.1391.300.920.081.0131.200.600.231.921.8001.2031.500.920.081.0141.500.600.232.281.951.3031.800.920.081.0151.800.600.232.642.101.3992.100.920.081.0162.100.600.233.002.251.5042.400.920.081.0172.400.600.233.362.401.604

7、2.700.920.081.0大型183.050.910.3434.764.271.7943.681.830.1521.22193.660.910.3435.614.881.9914.472.440.1521.52204.571.220.4577.627.622.2955.593.050.2291.83216.101.830.6869.147.622.7857.323.660.3052.13227.621.830.68610.677.623.3838.943.960.3052.13239.141.830.68612.317.933.78510.574.270.3052.132412.191.8

8、30.68615.488.234.78513.824.880.3052.132515.241.830.68618.538.235.77617.276.100.3052.13巴歇爾槽結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸參數(shù)12每種類型的量水堰槽，都有自己的固定水位-流量對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系。計(jì)算水位-流量關(guān)系時(shí)，三角堰要求要有渠道寬B、開口角度、上游堰坎高p的參數(shù)；矩形堰要有渠道寬B、開口寬b、上游堰坎高p的參數(shù)；巴歇爾槽只要求有喉道寬度的參數(shù)b。量水堰槽的水位-流量關(guān)系可以從國(guó)家計(jì)量檢定規(guī)程明渠堰槽流量計(jì)JJG711-90中查到。13類別序號(hào)喉道寬度b(m)流量公式Q=Chan(L/S)水位范圍h(m)流量范圍Q(L/S)臨界淹沒度

9、%最小最大最小最大小型10.02560.4ha1.550.0150.210.095.40.520.051120.7ha1.550.0150.240.1813.20.530.076177.1ha1.550.030.330.7732.10.540.152381.2ha1.540.030.451.50111.00.650.228535.4ha1.530.030.602.52510.6標(biāo)準(zhǔn)型60.25561ha1.5130.030.603.02500.670.30679ha1.5210.030.753.54000.680.451038ha1.5370.030.754.56300.690.601403h

10、a1.5480.050.7512.58500.6100.751772ha1.5570.060.7525.011000.6110.902147ha1.5650.060.7530.012500.6121.002397ha1.5690.060.8030.015000.7131.202904ha1.5770.060.8035.020000.7141.503668ha1.5860.060.8045.025000.7151.804440ha1.5930.080.8080.030000.7162.105222ha1.5990.080.8095.036000.7172.406004ha1.6050.080.80100.040000.7大型183.057463ha1.60.091.07160.082800.8193.668859ha1.60.091.37190.0146800.8204.5710960ha1.60.091.67230.0250400.8216.1014450ha1.60.091.83310.037970