英國文學(xué)期末考試-詩歌賞析原資料總匯

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)專心-專注-專業(yè)精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)ShakespeareSonnet 18 (Book1 P118)Shall I compare thee to a summers day? 我能否將你比作夏天, Thou art more lovely and more temperate. 你比夏天更美麗溫婉。 Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, 狂風(fēng)將五月的蓓蕾凋殘， And summers lease hath all too short a date.

2、 夏日的勾留何其短暫。Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, 休戀那麗日當空， And often is his gold complexion dimmed; 轉(zhuǎn)眼會云霧迷蒙。 And every fair from fair sometime declines, 休嘆那百花飄零， By chance or natures changing course untrimmed; 催折于無常的天命。 But thy eternal summer shall not fade, 唯有你永恒的夏日常新，Nor lose possession of tha

3、t fair thou owst 你的美貌亦毫發(fā)無損。 Nor shall Death brag thou wanderst in his shade 死神也無緣將你幽禁，When in eternal lines to time thou growst, 你在我永恒的詩中長存。So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, 只要世間尚有人吟誦我的詩篇， So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. 這詩就將不朽，永葆你的芳顏。Notestemperate (2): i.e., evenly-temp

4、ered; not overcome by passion. the eye of heaven (5): i.e., the sun. every fair from fair sometime declines (7): i.e., the beauty (fair) of everything beautiful (fair) will fade (declines). natures changing course (8): i.e., the natural changes age brings. that fair thou owst (10): i.e., that beauty

5、 you possess. in eternal lines.growst (12): The poet is using a grafting metaphor in this line. Grafting is a technique used to join parts from two plants with cords so that they grow as one. Thus the beloved becomes immortal, grafted to time with the poets cords (his eternal lines). For commentary

6、on whether this sonnet is really one long exercise in self-glorification, please see below. 1. Shall I compare thee to a summers day?This is taken usually to mean What if I were to compare thee etc? The stock comparisons of the loved one to all the beauteous things in nature hover in the background

7、throughout.This question is comparing her to the summer time of the year. It is during this time when the flowers are blooming, trees are full of leaves, the weather is warm, and it is generally thought of as an enjoyable time during the year.2. Thou art more lovely and more temperate:The youths bea

8、uty is more perfect than the beauty of a summer day. more temperate - more gentle, more restrained, whereas the summers day might have violent excesses in store, such as are about to be described.3. Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,May was a summer month in Shakespeares time, because the

9、 calendar in use lagged behind the true sidereal calendar by at least a fortnight. darling buds of May - the beautiful, much loved buds of the early summer; favourite flowers.4. And summers lease hath all too short a date:Legal terminology. The summer holds a lease on part of the year, but the lease

10、 is too short, and has an early termination (date).5. Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,Sometime = on occasion, sometimes; the eye of heaven = the sun.6. And often is his gold complexion dimmed,his gold complexion = his (the suns) golden face. It would be dimmed by clouds and on overcast day

11、s generally.7. And every fair from fair sometime declines,All beautiful things (every fair) occasionally become inferior in comparison with their essential previous state of beauty (from fair). They all decline from perfection.8. By chance, or natures changing course untrimmed:By chance accidents, o

12、r by the fluctuating tides of nature, which are not subject to control,natures changing course untrimmed. untrimmed - this can refer to the ballast (trimming) on a ship which keeps it stable; or to a lack of ornament and decoration. The greater difficulty however is to decide which noun this adjecti

13、val participle should modify. Does it refer to nature, or chance, or every fair in the line above, or to the effect of natures changing course? KDJ adds a comma aftercourse, which probably has the effect of directing the word towards all possible antecedents. She points out that natures changing cou

14、rse could refer to womens monthly courses, or menstruation, in which case every fair in the previous line would refer to every fair woman, with the implication that the youth is free of this cyclical curse, and is therefore more perfect.9. But thy eternal summer shall not fade,Referring forwards to

15、the eternity promised by the ever living poet in the next few lines, through his verse.10. Nor lose possession of that fair thou owst,Nor shall it (your eternal summer) lose its hold on that beauty which you so richly possess.owst = ownest, possess. By metonymy we understand nor shall you lose any o

16、f your beauty.11. Nor shall death brag thou wanderst in his shade,Several half echoes here. The biblical ones are probably Oh death where is thy sting? Or grave thy victory? implying that death normally boasts of his conquests over life. And Psalms 23.3.: Yea though I walk through the valley of the

17、shadow of death I will fear no evil In classical literature the shades flitted helplessly in the underworld like gibbering ghosts.12. When in eternal lines to time thou growst,in eternal lines = in the undying lines of my verse. Perhaps with a reference to progeny, and lines of descent, but it seems

18、 that the procreation theme has already been abandoned. to time thou growst - you keep pace with time, you grow as time grows.13. So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,For as long as humans live and breathe upon the earth, for as long as there are seeing eyes on the earth.So long lives this, a

19、nd this gives life to thee.That is how long these verses will live, celebrating you, and continually renewing your life. But one is left with a slight residual feeling that perhaps the youths beauty will last no longer than a summers day, despite the poets proud boast. Figure of SpeechRhetorical que

20、stioning:The 1st line, to used to create a tone of respect, and to engage the audienceMetaphor:Shakespeare opens the poem with a metaphor, comparing the woman he loves to all of the best characteristics of a summers day. When we think about summer, many attributes come to mind, such as warmth, sunsh

21、ine, fun, and relaxation. It is the opposite of winter and its freezing temperatures, consistent bad weather and bleak skies. Summer represents optimism.Shakespeare goes on to point out that summer has its down side, as well. For instance, sometimes the sun is far too hot. Summer heat can be unbeara

22、ble. Also, summer days can be fickle, in that they are cloudy when we think they should be warm. Finally, summer days are just too transient. His love may have been confused at this point. Is it beneficial to be compared to a summers day? Shakespeare sets her mind at rest, however, in explaining tha

23、t she is far more beautiful and even tempered than the most desirable summer weather. Personification:It is worth mentioning Shakespeares use of personification here. He gives the sun an eye, a human attribute, and in the next line, a complexion.Parallelism:The final couplet, used to emphasize the m

24、essage: the beauty of the subject will be immortalized by the power of his artThemeA profound meditation on the destructive power of time and the eternal beauty brought forth by poetry to the one he loves. A nice summers day is usually transient, but the beauty in poetry can last for ever. Thus Shak

25、espeare has a faith in the permanence of poetry. Literature will keep transient beauty ever lasting. The message is that in this world no beauty (in Nature) can stay except poetry or art; and your beauty can only last if I write it down in my poetry. On the surface, the poem is a statement of praise

26、 about the beauty of the beloved woman. The beloveds eternal summer shall not fade precisely because it is embodied in the sonnet. He doesnt want her beauty to be compared to a transitory period like summer. Transiency(短暫，稍縱即逝) of time is also the themes of Sonnet 18.The poet does not want the beaut

27、y to fade with time. To him, her beauty must be like the eternal summer. Beauty should be appreciated. The best way to preserve her beauty is to keep it in this poem. Actually, the writer wanted to express his view that art can keep the beauty forever. Art not only can make people enjoy the beauty b

28、y reading it, but also be a beauty itself. Natural beauty would be knocked out with the passing of the time. Only can the art bring the eternity. For the speaker, love transcends nature. The poets love is so powerful that even death is unable to curtail(減少) it. The speakers love lives on for future

29、generations to admire through the power of the written word-through the sonnet itself. The final couplet explains that the beloveds “eternal summer” will continue as long as there are people alive to read this sonnet. Sonnet 29 (Book1 P119)When, in disgrace with fortune and mens eyes , 面對命運的拋棄，世人的冷眼

30、，I all alone beweep my outcast state, 我唯有獨自把飄零的身世悲嘆。And trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries, 我曾徒然地呼喚聾耳的蒼天，And look upon myself, and curse my fate, 詛咒自己的時運，顧影自憐 。 Wishing me like to one more rich in hope, 我但愿，愿胸懷千般心愿， Featured like him, like him with friends possessed, 愿有三朋六友和美貌之顏； Desiring th

31、is mans arts and that mans scope, 愿有才華蓋世，有文采斐然， With what I most enjoy contented least; 唯對自己的長處，偏偏看輕看淡。Yet in these thoughts myself almost despising, 我正耽于這種妄自菲薄的思想，Haply I think on thee, and then my state, 猛然間想到了你，頓時景換情遷，Like to the lark at break of day arising 我忽如破曉的云雀凌空振羽，F(xiàn)rom sullen earth, sings

32、hymns at heavens gate; 謳歌直上天門，把蒼茫大地俯瞰。For thy sweet love remembered such wealth brings 但記住你柔情招來財無限，That then I scorn to change my state with kings. 縱帝王屈尊就我，不與換江山。 1. When in disgrace with fortune and mens eyesTo be in disgrace with fortune is presumably to be not favoured by her. 2. I all alone bewe

33、ep my outcast state,beweep = weep for, bewail; Like bewail and beseem, the word has an archaic and biblical flavour. my outcast state = my condition of being a social outcast. The condition is probably exaggerated for the sake of effect, and to emphasize that the speaker sees everything in a gloomy

34、light. Fortune has turned against him and he feels that he does not belong any more to society.3. And trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries,deaf heaven - Heaven (God) turns a deaf ear to his complaints and laments. bootless = to no avail, achieving nothing.4. And look upon myself, and curse my

35、fate,And look upon myself - as the outcast contemplates his own fallen state. curse my fate - another echo from the Book of Job in the Bible: 5. Wishing me like to one more rich in hope,Wishing myself to be like one who is more richly endowed with all manner of blessings, including wealth.6. Feature

36、d like him, like him with friends possessed,Featured like him, like him = with features like this person, like this second person having friends, like this third, desiring his skills (line 7) etc.7. Desiring this mans art, and that mans scope,this mans art = the skill that one particular person has;

37、 that mans scope = the capability, range, mental ability that another particular person has.8. With what I most enjoy contented least;It is unspecified what he most enjoys, but evidently, in his despondency, things which ought to give him enjoyment do not do so. The implication is that he no longer

38、enjoys the love of his beloved, although that idea is countermanded by the final couplet.9. Yet in these thoughts my self almost despising,in these thoughts = while I am engaged in these thoughts myself almost despising - and almost considering myself to be despicable for being so cast down.10. Hapl

39、y I think on thee, and then my state,Haply = by chance, by a happy stroke of luck; my state = my mental state, with a suggestion also that his fortune, or the state of affairs in which he finds himself, improves.12. From sullen earth, sings hymns at heavens gate;sullen = gloomy, dark, miserable; Fro

40、m sullen earth - the phrase may be taken both with this and with the preceding line. The lark rises from sullen earth, and it also sings hymns which rise up from the earth to the gate of heaven, or, as it sings, it rises from earth towards heaven. sings - the subject is the lark, but also the poets

41、soul, which has been liberated by his thinking of his beloved.13. For thy sweet love remembered such wealth bringsthy sweet love remembered = when I have called to mind your love, when your sweet love springs up again in my memory.14. That then I scorn to change my state with kings.Although the prim

42、ary meaning is that I am happier than a king could be, and therefore have no wish to swap places with him there is a hint of the political meaning of state, i.e. nation state.Figures of SpeechShakespeare uses literary devices to connect the readers to the poem and possibly his life. were used in . I

43、n these lines, he compares his love to the lark who sings songs to the heavens. Shakespeare uses this metaphor because he wants to show the reader how happy the thought of his true love makes him feel. Even in the toughest times, the speaker is brightened by the thought of his love and Shakespeare w

44、ants to display this to his readers. Shakespeare uses symbolism many times through out the poem, especially in . In the first three lines, Shakespeare symbolizes that he is jealous of everything in society. He uses symbolism here because he wants the reader to know that the speaker feels like an out

45、cast compared to the rest of society. In line 7, Shakespeare uses symbolism to describe the skills of other men and their freedom. He uses symbolism in this line because he is describing his wanting of better skills and more freedom. In the eleventh line, the symbolism is that the speaker is describ

46、ing his lover as a lark. He uses this symbolism because he is portraying that his lover is as lovely as a songbird singing to the heavens. In line 13, the wealth that is brought to the speaker every time he thinks of his lover shows how happy she makes him feel. Shakespeare uses this as symbolism be

47、cause he is displaying that love his strong enough to pull someone out of their darkest hours. Lastly, personification can be found in . Shakespeare is giving Heaven human like characteristics, such as the ability to hear. He includes this in his sonnet because this adds to the lonesomeness the spea

48、ker is feeling, since even God will not answer his wishes.Repetition: “l(fā)ike him” and “mans” in lines 6 and 7, This emphasizes that he wants to me like the other men other than remaining like himselfAlliteration: “think, thee, then” in line 11Rhyme: follows pattern: abab cdcd ebeb ff, ex. “state, fat

49、e, gate” and “brings, kings” The use of rhyme is very common in sonnets. Tone: The tone of this sonnet is melancholy and upset. This melancholy, upset tone shows how bad the speaker feels. Towards then end of the poem the speakers mood changes and so does the tone. The town shifts from melancholy an

50、d upset to happy and gracious.ThemeThe theme of Sonnet 29 is to show the importance of love. Money, society, and possessions are displayed as inferior components of humanity. The speaker changes to embrace the value of love which makes him superior to a king and those of higher social classes. The t

51、heme of this sonnet is the feeling of love can overpower the feelings of self-hate. The poem conveys this theme well because it starts with the speaker talking about how much he dislikes his life. The speaker sites many examples of why this is how he feels. Then the speaker talks about how he by cha

52、nge thinks about his love and it lifts his spirits. This is one of Shakespeares more ambiguous sonnets :one does not know who the speaker is referring to or if the word lovein this sonnet refers to a romantic love or a platonic love. The whole poem expresses the changes of the authors inner feelings

53、,which are from disappoint to hopeful,from negative to positive ,from desperate to affectionate ,from self-abased to confident. discloses the desire of appetite ,lust and power and proposes that appetite is the basic desire, lust has its own duality ,the desire for power is a danger and finally the

54、paper gives a way to deal with the desires. It is a poem which helps us sense the greatness of love,which is the center of his life,the sunshine on a cloudy day.Milton On His Blindness (Book 1 P148) When I consider how, my light is spent 我思量，我怎么還未到生命的中途， Ere half my days, in this dark world and wide

55、, 就已耗盡光明，走上這黑暗的茫茫的世路， And that one talent which is death to hide 我這完全埋沒了的庸才，對我毫無用處，Lodged with me useless, though my soul more bent 雖然我的心思是要多多服務(wù)，To serve therewith my Maker, and present 想要鞠躬盡瘁地服務(wù)于我的創(chuàng)造主， My true account, lest He returning chide, 算清我的帳，免得他要向我發(fā)怒； Doth God exact day-labour, light denied

56、 ? “難道上帝不給光明卻要計算日工嗎？”I fondly ask: - But Patience, to prevent 我愚蠢地一問，“忍耐”就把我的話止住，That murmur, soon replies; God doth not need 立刻回答道：“上帝不需要人的服務(wù)， Either mans work, or His own gifts: who best 也不要你還他什么禮物； Bear His mild yoke, they serve Him best: His state 誰能忍受得起痛苦，就是最好的服務(wù)；Is kingly: thousands at His bid

57、ding speed 他的國度氣派堂皇，聽他差遣的不計其數(shù), And post oer land and ocean without rest: 他們奔走忙碌于海洋和大陸； They also serve who only stand and wait. 那些站立得穩(wěn)，堅定不移的也是服務(wù)。Lines 1-8:Milton gets rather impatient at the thought of his blindness. He is blind in the middle age. Blindness prevents him from using his poetic talent

58、by writing something great to glorify God. He has a keen desire to serve God by using his poetic talent, because he knows that God wants man to use his God-given power or he may be punished. In an impatient mood Milton doubts if God would be just in demanding work from a blind man like him.Lines 8-1

59、4:Miltons attitude of doubt passes off in a moment. His inner conscience rises up with its faith in Gods justice. He realizes that God does not need mans work by way of service to him; nor does he care whether man uses His gifts. He is the King of kings; His dominion is over the universe. He has tho

60、usands of angels doing His biddings at all times flying over land and sea. He has thousands of others who stand by His throne and sing His praise. The latter too are as good as beloved as the active angels. So, patient submission to His will is the best service to Him.All the lines in the poem are i