2020高考英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)題十二-介詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)課件(185頁(yè)P(yáng)PT)

1、介詞圖示詞義例句in/inside在里The students are reading in the classroom.學(xué)生們正在教室里讀書(shū)。into進(jìn)入Throw it into the fire.把它扔進(jìn)火里。outside在外面You can park your car outside our house.你可以把你的汽車(chē)停在我們的房子外面。out of從里出來(lái),側(cè)重于從里向外He walked out of the room and left.他走出房間并離開(kāi)了。考點(diǎn)一介詞一、方位介詞1.方位介詞的基本用法考點(diǎn)清單第1頁(yè)，共185頁(yè)。above在斜上方The water came a

2、bove our knees.水淹過(guò)了我們的膝蓋。over在正上方;跨越到物體的另一面,將覆蓋There are several bridges over the river.在這條河上有幾座橋。He climbed over a wall and ran away.他爬過(guò)墻逃跑了。on在上(表面接觸)He put a picture on the wall.他把一幅畫(huà)貼在了墻上。onto到之上The child climbed up onto his fathers shoulders.這個(gè)孩子爬到他爸爸的肩膀上了。第2頁(yè)，共185頁(yè)。under在正下方A policeman is stan

3、ding under an umbrella.一個(gè)警察正站在一把傘下。below在斜下方Skirts must be be-low the knees.裙子必須要到膝蓋以下。beneath緊貼在的下方They found the corpse buried be-neath a pile of leaves.他們?cè)谝欢褬?shù)葉下面發(fā)現(xiàn)了那具尸體。by 在旁邊Our house is by the river.我們的房子在河邊。beside Come and sit be-side me.來(lái)坐在我旁邊吧。第3頁(yè)，共185頁(yè)。past/by從旁邊經(jīng)過(guò)He walked by/past me witho

4、ut speak-ing.他從我身邊走過(guò), 沒(méi)說(shuō)一句話(huà)。near/close to在附近Dont sit near/close to the door.別坐在門(mén)口。next to緊挨著A close friend of mine sits next to me in the room.我的一位密友在房間里緊挨著我坐。behind在的后面Oliver hid behind a balloon.奧利弗藏在一個(gè)氣球后面。in frontof/before在外部的前面He likes to sit in front of me.他喜歡坐在我前面。第4頁(yè)，共185頁(yè)。in thefront of在內(nèi)部的

5、前面,其反義短語(yǔ)為at the back ofThe teacher is in the front of the classroom.老師在教室的前面。around圍繞The whole family are sitting around a table.一家人正圍著桌子坐著。from從(起點(diǎn))來(lái),強(qiáng)調(diào)起點(diǎn)Has the train from London arrived?從倫敦來(lái)的火車(chē)到了嗎?across橫過(guò);在(街、河等)對(duì)面I will row you across the river.我將劃船把你送過(guò)河。My house is just across the street.我的房子就

6、在大街對(duì)面。第5頁(yè)，共185頁(yè)。through透過(guò),穿過(guò)The burglar got in through the window.竊賊是從窗戶(hù)進(jìn)來(lái)的。Water will be pumped through a pipe.水將被從管子里抽出來(lái)。along沿著I was walking a-long the street when I caught sight of a tailors shop.我正沿著大街走著,這時(shí)我看到一家裁縫鋪。awayfrom/off從某處落下或離開(kāi)Keep off the grass.勿踏草坪。第6頁(yè)，共185頁(yè)。between在兩者之間There was a fi

7、ght between the Two boys.這兩個(gè)男孩子打過(guò)一次架。among在三者或三者以上之間They hid themselves among the trees.他們躲在樹(shù)林中。第7頁(yè)，共185頁(yè)。2.易混方位介詞的用法(1)at,in二者均表示地點(diǎn),“在處”。at用于指較小的地方,如在門(mén)牌號(hào)碼前;in用于指較大的地方。Well meet each other at my home.我們將在我家見(jiàn)面。Mr. White lived in Hong Kong for 20 years.懷特先生在香港生活了20年。第8頁(yè)，共185頁(yè)。介詞用法圖解例句in表示在某范圍之內(nèi)Shandon

8、g Province is/lies in the east of China.山東省在/位于中國(guó)東部。on表示“毗鄰”“接壤”Mongolia is/lies on the north of China.蒙古在/位于中國(guó)北邊。to表示在某范圍之外且不接壤Shandong Province is/lies to the northeast of Hubei Province.山東省在/位于湖北省東北邊。offoff強(qiáng)調(diào)兩地間隔著一小段距離Lily lives in a flat just off Park Avenue.莉莉住在離派克大街不遠(yuǎn)的一套公寓里。(2)in,on,to,off第9頁(yè)，

9、共185頁(yè)。題組訓(xùn)練用介詞in,to,off填空J(rèn)apan is/liestothe east of China.Beijing liesinthe north of China.The Well Hotel stands in a quiet placeoffthe main road at the far end of the lake.第10頁(yè)，共185頁(yè)。介詞用法例句amongamong在表示范圍時(shí),表示“在(其)中;之一”She is the youngest among the three sisters.她是三姐妹中最年輕的。between當(dāng)兩個(gè)以上的人或物用 and 連接時(shí)Sw

10、itzerland lies between France, Germany, Austria and Italy.瑞士位于法國(guó)德國(guó)奧地利和意大利之間。強(qiáng)調(diào)每?jī)烧咧g的關(guān)系the difference between the three of them 他們?nèi)咧g的區(qū)別the relations between various countries 各國(guó)之間的關(guān)系表示“由于合作的結(jié)果”時(shí)Between them they landed the fish.他們協(xié)力把魚(yú)拖上了岸。在 divide,share 等表示“分享”之類(lèi)的動(dòng)詞之后,若接一個(gè)表示三者或三者以上的復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí),用 among 和

11、between均可He divided his money among/between his five sons.他把錢(qián)分給了他的5個(gè)兒子。(3)among,between的其他用法第11頁(yè)，共185頁(yè)。題組訓(xùn)練用介詞between,among填空Some students often listen to musicbetweenclasses to refresh them-selves.Four Chinese models wereamongthe 14 people awarded prizes on Friday at the World Supermodel Competitio

12、n.第12頁(yè)，共185頁(yè)。用法onin例句在“動(dòng)詞+sb.+in/on+the+部位”中打擊頭、額頭、鼻、耳、頸、肩、腿等較硬或突出的部位打擊某人的臉、眼、嘴、胸、腹等較軟的部位The teacher patted the boy on the head and comforted him.老師輕輕拍著那個(gè)男孩兒的頭安慰他。He hit me in the face.他打了我的臉。在介詞短語(yǔ)“on/in the tree”中樹(shù)本身生長(zhǎng)出來(lái)的枝、葉、花、果等在樹(shù)上不是樹(shù)本身生長(zhǎng)出來(lái)的枝、葉、花、果等在樹(shù)上There are lots of apples on the tree.樹(shù)上有很多蘋(píng)果。A

13、 cat was mewing in the tree.有只貓正在樹(shù)上喵喵叫。(4)on,in第13頁(yè)，共185頁(yè)。題組訓(xùn)練用介詞on/in填空Birds are singinginthe tree.(5)over,above詞義overabove例句多于相當(dāng)于more than,其反義詞是un-der(=less than)用于表示與“最低限度”或“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”有關(guān)的事物1,000 meters above sea level 海拔1,000米two degrees above zero 零上2度Hes over fifty.他已年過(guò)半百。Its under a mile from here to

14、 the post office.此處距郵局不足一英里。在之上強(qiáng)調(diào)控制、掌握、權(quán)威、優(yōu)越等強(qiáng)調(diào)級(jí)別、 地位、重要性等He always puts his students above everything.他總是把自己的學(xué)生置于一切事情之上。He has little control over his emotions.他控制不住自己的感情。第14頁(yè)，共185頁(yè)。題組訓(xùn)練用介詞over,above填空Shes been here forovertwo hours.A great person is always putting others interestsabovehis own.He i

15、saboveaverage intelligence.第15頁(yè)，共185頁(yè)。介詞用法例句to用于go,come,walk,run,dash,rush,move,fly,return,lead,take等表示來(lái)往行動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞后,意為“到達(dá)”等于toward(s),意為“in the direction of(朝)”The garden extends to the riverbank.這個(gè)花園伸展到河岸。Turn to the left and you cant miss it.向左拐你就找到了。for用于表示“起程”“出發(fā)”“離開(kāi)”的動(dòng)詞(詞組)如leave,set off,start之后,表示

16、“去某地”After the soldiers got well prepared, they set off for the front.當(dāng)這些士兵準(zhǔn)備好后,他們開(kāi)始向前線(xiàn)挺進(jìn)。toward(s)朝It is reported that the sand-storm is moving to-ward(s)the south.據(jù)報(bào)道沙塵暴正向南方蔓延。(6)to, for, toward(s)第16頁(yè)，共185頁(yè)。題組訓(xùn)練用for,toward(s)或to填空The door opensto/toward(s)the mountain.He is leavingforBeijing tomo

17、rrow.What time do you startforschool in the morning?第17頁(yè)，共185頁(yè)。介詞圖解用法示例in 籠統(tǒng) 具體表示在某段較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間內(nèi)(如:世紀(jì)、年代、年份、季節(jié)、月份、朝代及泛指上午、下午和傍晚等)in the 1980s/1980s,in the Qing dynasty,in October,in the morning/afternoon/eveningon表示在具體的某一天,日期在含有“Day”的節(jié)假日中表示具體的某一天或某天的上午、下午或晚上在on time(準(zhǔn)時(shí))這一短語(yǔ)中on October the first,on a rainy

18、 day,on National Day,on the afternoon of his arrivalat表示在時(shí)間的某一刻在不含有“Day”的節(jié)假日中在習(xí)語(yǔ)中at 12:00, at noon,at midnight,at Christmas,at night(在夜里), at dawn/daybreak(在黎明),at sunrise/sunset(在日出/日落時(shí)),at dusk(在黃昏)二、時(shí)間介詞1.in,on,at第18頁(yè)，共185頁(yè)。題組訓(xùn)練漢譯英在星期天上午on Sunday morning(s)在三月初at the beginning of March在兒童節(jié)on Chil

19、drens Day在19世紀(jì)20年代in the 1820s/1820s2.in,afterin表時(shí)間,常表示“在之內(nèi)”,有時(shí)in還有“在之后”的意思,但表示此意時(shí),必須具備兩個(gè)條件:所在句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須表將來(lái);后面必須是一段時(shí)間。這兩個(gè)條件缺一不可,否則用after或later。My father will be back in three days.我父親將在3天以后回來(lái)。第19頁(yè)，共185頁(yè)。My father will be back after three oclock.我父親將在3點(diǎn)后回來(lái)。My father came back after three days/three da

20、ys later.我父親是3天后回來(lái)的。題組訓(xùn)練用in,after,later填空It will be finishedinan hour.He returnedaftera few days.They finished their lessons at four and a little whilelaterthey went out to take a walk.第20頁(yè)，共185頁(yè)。介詞用法例句for后接時(shí)間段,表示行為或狀態(tài)持續(xù)了多久Mr. Brown enjoyed the country life and lived there for almost fifteen years a

21、fter his retire-ment.布朗先生喜歡鄉(xiāng)村生活,退休后他在那里生活了差不多15年。from后接時(shí)間點(diǎn),表示行為或狀態(tài)的起始點(diǎn),而不涉及其持續(xù)時(shí)間的長(zhǎng)短My younger sister began to learn dance from the age of five.我的妹妹從5歲開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)舞蹈。since后接時(shí)間點(diǎn),不僅表示行為或狀態(tài)的起始點(diǎn),而且還強(qiáng)調(diào)該行為或狀態(tài)從起始點(diǎn)一直持續(xù)到說(shuō)話(huà)的時(shí)刻,因而常與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)連用Tom has been doing his homework since seven oclock.湯姆從7點(diǎn)開(kāi)始就一直做他的家庭作業(yè)。3.for,fr

22、om,since第21頁(yè)，共185頁(yè)。題組訓(xùn)練用for,from,since填空Fromthen on she knew she would win.I lost my money and I have been worriedsincethen.The meeting lastedforthree hours yesterday.第22頁(yè)，共185頁(yè)。介詞用法例句during指某個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在某個(gè)時(shí)間段里或整個(gè)過(guò)程中斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地發(fā)生過(guò)多次,或在整個(gè)時(shí)間段里的某一點(diǎn)發(fā)生過(guò),起止時(shí)間比較明顯He often falls asleep during the class.他經(jīng)常在課堂上睡著。He sw

23、ims every day during the summer.夏季他每天都游泳。through在期間;從開(kāi)頭到結(jié)尾(所指時(shí)間包括在內(nèi),此時(shí)與throughout相同)Tom was brave through his fathers illness.在湯姆的父親生病期間,他很勇敢。over在(做)期間;貫穿(一段時(shí)間),與during同義We had a pleasant chat over a cup of tea.我們一邊喝茶一邊愉快地聊天。He will stay in Wales over/during Christmas and New Year.他將在威爾士度過(guò)圣誕節(jié)和新年。4.

24、during,through,over第23頁(yè)，共185頁(yè)。題組訓(xùn)練用during,over,through填空Lets discuss itoverlunch.Over/Duringthe past 10 years,great changes have taken place in this area.Cold-blooded animals hibernatethroughthe winter.第24頁(yè)，共185頁(yè)。介詞用法例句before早于;在之前The new road will be completed before the end of the year. 這條新道路將在年底以

25、前建成。by表示“不遲于,在(某時(shí))前”表示“在期間,在時(shí)間內(nèi)”All of you are to arrive at school by seven oclock.你們所有人要在7點(diǎn)鐘前到校。He worked by night and slept by day.他晚上工作,白天睡覺(jué)。till/untiluntil比till更正式。相關(guān)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的肯定式或瞬間動(dòng)詞的否定式I shall wait until ten oclock.我將等到10點(diǎn)鐘。I didnt go to sleep until midnight.直到半夜我才睡覺(jué)。5.before,by,till/until

26、第25頁(yè)，共185頁(yè)。題組訓(xùn)練用before,by,until填空Well have finished the workbyten oclock tomorrow.I usually take a bathbeforehaving my breakfast.Upuntillast year,they didnt even own a car.第26頁(yè)，共185頁(yè)。介詞用法示例by不涉及交通工具的名詞且名詞前不帶冠詞、物主代詞涉及交通工具的單數(shù)名詞且該名詞前不加冠詞和任何修飾語(yǔ)by sea,by water,by land,by airby bike,by taxi,by plane,by sh

27、ip/boat,by train,by spaceshipin,on當(dāng)旅行方式涉及特指的交通工具時(shí),用on或in,名詞前應(yīng)有冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞等修飾語(yǔ)步行、騎馬、騎駱駝均用ontravel to New York on this plane,go to school in my caron foot,on horseback/on a horse,on a camel三、表工具、手段、方式的介詞1.表示旅行方式的by,in,on第27頁(yè)，共185頁(yè)。題組訓(xùn)練同義句轉(zhuǎn)換He went to Beijing by car.He went to Beijingin his/a car.I pr

28、efer to travel by ship.I prefer to travelby water/sea.第28頁(yè)，共185頁(yè)。介詞用法示例with用于有形的工具或身體某些器官之前,其后的名詞多被冠詞、物主代詞等修飾They are digging with a pick/spade.他們正在用一把鎬/鏟挖。We see with our eyes,hear with our ears,and walk with our legs.我們用眼睛看,用耳朵聽(tīng),用腿走路。in用于原料、顏料、語(yǔ)言、鋼筆、鉛筆等之前Please answer me in English.請(qǐng)用英語(yǔ)回答我。The art

29、ist wrote in ink/pencil(=with a pen/a pencil).那個(gè)藝術(shù)家用鋼筆/鉛筆寫(xiě)字。固定短語(yǔ)on/over the telephone/radio通過(guò)電話(huà)/廣播in this/that way/by this/that means/with this/that method用這/那種方式2.表示“用”的介詞第29頁(yè)，共185頁(yè)。題組訓(xùn)練用by,over,in,on填空This form is to be filled ininink.This toy is not machine-made.It is madebyhand.In the morning I

30、usually listen to the newsover/onthe radio.第30頁(yè)，共185頁(yè)。介詞詞義例句against反對(duì),倚靠,逆著,相反,在的襯托下,與比賽She was forced to marry against her will.她被迫違心地嫁了人。Thats against the law.那是違法的。The skiers red clothes stood out clearly against the snow.滑雪者的紅衣服在雪的襯托下顯得分外醒目。for支持,贊成,與in favor of同義Are you for or against the new r

31、oad scheme?你對(duì)修建新道路的計(jì)劃是贊成還是反對(duì)?四、表示支持、反對(duì)的介詞第31頁(yè)，共185頁(yè)。題組訓(xùn)練介詞填空An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the com-mittee members areagainstit.Tired,Jim was fast asleep with his backagainsta big tree.第32頁(yè)，共185頁(yè)。介詞用法例句than形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)+thanHe runs faster than his brother.他比他弟弟跑得快。tobe superi

32、or to優(yōu)于be inferior to劣于be senior to年長(zhǎng)于be junior to年幼于be prior to先于Bobs strength is superior to mine.鮑勃的力氣比我的大。Your father is senior to hers.你的父親比她的父親年紀(jì)大。五、表示“比較”的介詞第33頁(yè)，共185頁(yè)。六、易混介詞1.as,like介詞用法例句as介詞,作為T(mén)reat me as a friend.要把我當(dāng)作朋友。連詞,像,雖然,后面加句子Adult as he is, his mother always treats him as a child

33、.雖然他已是成年人,但他媽媽總是像對(duì)待孩子那樣對(duì)待他。構(gòu)成the same as, as.as., such.as.句型I have the same book as you(have). 我和你有同樣的書(shū)。like介詞,像,后面加名詞、代詞等He looks like his father.他長(zhǎng)得像他父親。題組訓(xùn)練用as,like填空My notebook is the sameasyours.He got/found a jobasa journalist.The big stone lookslikea monkey.第34頁(yè)，共185頁(yè)。2.about,on,ofabout 指泛泛地或

34、非正式地談?wù)撃呈?其談?wù)摰膬?nèi)容也較為普通;而 on 則指比較有系統(tǒng)地或理論性較強(qiáng)地論述某事,其論述的內(nèi)容較正式或較嚴(yán)肅。在與tell,read,know,think等動(dòng)詞連用時(shí),of側(cè)重于粗略涉及,而about涉及的情況則詳細(xì)得多。He wrote on mathematics.他撰寫(xiě)數(shù)學(xué)著作。He wrote about the school.他編寫(xiě)有關(guān)這所學(xué)校的情況。It is a book on birds.那是一本論及鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)的書(shū)。(可能是一本學(xué)術(shù)著作)It is a book about birds.那是一本關(guān)于鳥(niǎo)的書(shū)。(可能是一本供小孩看的關(guān)于鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)的故事書(shū))第35頁(yè)，共185頁(yè)。I k

35、now of him.我對(duì)他有所了解。(只是大致了解)題組訓(xùn)練用on,about或of填空He usually tells me some storiesaboutLei Feng.Tell meabouthim.They talkedabout/ofyou at the meeting yesterday.He is reading a bookonthe history of China.第36頁(yè)，共185頁(yè)。句型用法例句It is+adj.+of sb. to do sth.當(dāng)sb.與形容詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的 “主系表”關(guān)系時(shí),常見(jiàn)的形容詞有:kind,good,nice,clever,stu

36、pid,foolish,considerate, polite, impolite, cru-el等It is very kind of the teachers to help support the poor students.=The teachers are very kind to help support the poor students.老師們幫助支持貧困學(xué)生真是太好了。It is+adj.+for sb. to do sth.當(dāng)不定式與形容詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的“主系表”關(guān)系時(shí),常見(jiàn)的形容詞有:important,necessary,possible,impossible等It is

37、 quite important for us to protect the envi-ronment.=To protect the environment is quite important for us.對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō),保護(hù)環(huán)境是很重要的。3.It is+adj.+of sb. to do sth.與It is+adj.+for sb. to do sth.的區(qū)別第37頁(yè)，共185頁(yè)。題組訓(xùn)練用for,of填空It is very considerateofyou to remind me.It is necessaryforthe students to know some learni

38、ng methods.It is possibleforhim to come here soon.第38頁(yè)，共185頁(yè)。介詞用法示例on表示動(dòng)態(tài),表示“正在從事某種活動(dòng)或處于某種運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)之中”on business出差on a visit在訪(fǎng)問(wèn)on strike在罷工on sale出售on show在上映on watch在站崗/放哨on fire著火on vacation/holiday在度假in表示靜態(tài),后面常加表示安全、危險(xiǎn)、健康以及表示人的情緒等的名詞in trouble陷入困境in danger處于危險(xiǎn)中in order有序,有條理in surprise驚訝地in silence默默

39、地in high/low spirits情緒高漲/低落4.on與in表示“處于狀態(tài)”第39頁(yè)，共185頁(yè)。題組訓(xùn)練用on,in填空The patients life isindanger.The guard isonwatch now.The house isonfire.5.besides,except,but,other than的區(qū)別(1)用于否定句時(shí),besides,except與but可相互替換。No other students passed the difficult maths exam except/besides/but Lin Tao and Wu Dong.除林濤、吳東

40、外沒(méi)有別的學(xué)生通過(guò)那么難的數(shù)學(xué)考試。(2)用于肯定句時(shí)的區(qū)別1)except意為:not including除之外(不再有)。第40頁(yè)，共185頁(yè)。We all passed the exam except Tom.除湯姆沒(méi)及格外,我們都及格了。(湯姆沒(méi)及格)注意:當(dāng)except用于句首時(shí),后面往往要加上for。Except for this,everything is in good order.=Everything is in good order except this.除此之外,一切正常。2)besides意為:in addition to 除之外(還有)。We have lots

41、of things in common besides music.除了音樂(lè),我們還有很多共同點(diǎn)。注意:besides在句中的位置較靈活,可放在句首,亦可放在句中;而except 多放在句中。此外,except前幾乎總有all,any,every,no等。第41頁(yè)，共185頁(yè)。He answered all the questions except the last one.除最后一個(gè)問(wèn)題沒(méi)有回答外,其余所有問(wèn)題他都回答了。I have a few friends besides you.除了你之外,我還有幾個(gè)朋友。(3)except和but/other than都可接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞,可以

42、互換;但ex-cept后接副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、when從句等時(shí),but/other than不可替換ex-cept。He has always been in high spirits except recently.除近來(lái)外,他總是精神飽滿(mǎn)。(副詞)The window is never opened except in summer.除夏季外,這扇窗戶(hù)從不打開(kāi)。(介詞短語(yǔ))第42頁(yè)，共185頁(yè)。He has always been busy except when it is Sunday.除星期日外,他總是很忙。(when從句)(4)except后可接that從句作賓語(yǔ),此時(shí)except為連

43、詞。I asked nothing from him except that he should write to me every other week.我對(duì)他并無(wú)其他要求,只要他每隔一周給我寫(xiě)一封信。(5)以上講了besides作介詞時(shí)的用法。另外,besides還可用作副詞,意為“in addition;also;moreover;furthermore(而且,還有)”。I dont want to go;besides,I am too tired.我不想去。再說(shuō),我也太累了。第43頁(yè)，共185頁(yè)。I know nothing about the young ladyexcepttha

44、t she is from Beijing.I dont mind picking up your things from the store.Besides,the walk does me good.題組訓(xùn)練用except,besides填空第44頁(yè)，共185頁(yè)。介詞用法例句in二詞均可引出一個(gè)可供比較的范圍,適用于形容詞和副詞的最高級(jí),指三者或三者以上的人或事物的比較in表示限定在某個(gè)范圍內(nèi)的最高級(jí)The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黃河是中國(guó)第二長(zhǎng)河。Mary sings best in the school.在這

45、所學(xué)校,瑪麗唱得最棒。ofof表示同一類(lèi)人或事物中的最高級(jí),此外of還可以用于同類(lèi)兩者之間的比較,但比較級(jí)前需加定冠詞theOf all the boys, Jack runs fastest.在所有的男孩里,杰克跑得最快。Tom seems to be the more diligent of the two brothers.在這兄弟倆中,湯姆似乎更聰明。6.in與of表示比較范圍第45頁(yè)，共185頁(yè)。題組訓(xùn)練用介詞填空The home improvement has taken what little there isofmy spare time.John is the tallest

46、ofthe students in his class.第46頁(yè)，共185頁(yè)。介詞用法例句forbuy/cook/fetch/find/get/make/order/save.+sth.+for+sb.Please buy a book for me.=Please buy me a book.請(qǐng)給我買(mǎi)本書(shū)。tobring/give/lend/offer/pay/pass/promise/read/re-turn/send/show/tell/throw/write.+sth.+to+sb.Pass the pencil to me, please.=Please pass me the pe

47、ncil.請(qǐng)遞給我那支鉛筆。7.for與to接后置的間接賓語(yǔ)第47頁(yè)，共185頁(yè)。8.形容詞后的for與to題組訓(xùn)練介詞填空These math problems are too difficultforme.The house is big enoughforus two.The text is very easyto/forme.介詞用法例句for當(dāng)形容詞被副詞too或enough修飾時(shí)The shirt is too large for me.這件襯衫對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)太大了。當(dāng)側(cè)重于與別人比較,有“對(duì)而言”之意時(shí)Chinese is very difficult for me.I cant le

48、arn it.中文對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)太難了,我學(xué)不會(huì)。to當(dāng)側(cè)重于主觀看法或感覺(jué),有“在看來(lái)”之意時(shí)Chinese is very difficult to me,but Ill try my best to learn it.在我看來(lái)中文很難,但是我會(huì)盡全力學(xué)習(xí)它的。第48頁(yè)，共185頁(yè)。七、其他?？冀樵~1.with的用法用法例句表示“和在一起,和,同,跟”Mr. and Mrs. Smith were there,with their three small children.史密斯夫婦帶著他們?nèi)齻€(gè)年幼的孩子都在那兒。Would you like to go to the theatre with

49、us?你愿意和我們一起去看戲嗎?表示兩種事物之間的相應(yīng)關(guān)系或齊頭并進(jìn)With the development of agriculture and industry, more and more pollu-tion is produced.隨著工農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展,越來(lái)越多的污染便產(chǎn)生了。Temperatures vary with the time of the year.溫度隨著時(shí)節(jié)而變化。表示“帶有”,表伴隨The waiter arrived with a cup of coffee.服務(wù)員端著一杯咖啡來(lái)了。With the help of our teachers, we are sure

50、 to succeed.在老師的幫助下我們肯定能成功。引導(dǎo)一個(gè)表示方式的狀語(yǔ)附加語(yǔ)The stranger spoke with a foreign accent.那個(gè)陌生人說(shuō)話(huà)帶外國(guó)口音。He looked at me with a frown.他皺著眉頭看我。指原因或理由It is very stuffy in the room,with all the windows closed.由于所有窗戶(hù)都關(guān)著,屋子里非常悶。She was shivering with cold.她冷得直發(fā)抖。The small child trembled with fear.那個(gè)小孩嚇得打哆嗦。第49頁(yè)，共1

51、85頁(yè)。題組訓(xùn)練介詞填空Withproduction up by 60% the company has had another excellent year.It was a pity that the great writer diedwithhis work unfinished.第50頁(yè)，共185頁(yè)。用法例句不遲于(某時(shí)間)We have to reach home by ten oclock.我們10點(diǎn)鐘之前得到家。在期間(一段指明的時(shí)間)They decided to travel by night.他們決定在夜里行進(jìn)。觸及或抓住人體或物體的某一部分He seized me by

52、the arm.他抓住了我的胳膊。由于;憑借He succeeded by hard work.他由于努力工作而成功了。以的幅度,差This one is shorter than the other by three inches.這一個(gè)比另一個(gè)短三英寸。與the連用表示時(shí)間或度量單位Milk is sold by the pint,butter by the pound,and eggs by the dozen.牛奶論品脫賣(mài),黃油論磅賣(mài),雞蛋論打賣(mài)。按照,根據(jù)By my watch,the time is half past eleven.按我的表,現(xiàn)在是十一點(diǎn)半。By the expr

53、ession on his face,he seemed to be displeased.從他的面部表情來(lái)看,他似乎不高興。We shall get a storm before long by the look of the sky.看天色,暴風(fēng)雨就要來(lái)了。2.by的用法第51頁(yè)，共185頁(yè)。題組訓(xùn)練翻譯下列句子Can you finish the work by five oclock?你能在5點(diǎn)鐘以前完成這項(xiàng)工作嗎?The bullet missed him by two inches.那顆子彈差兩英寸就打中他了。We sell ice creams by the thousand i

54、n summer.我們?cè)谙奶斐鍪鄣谋ち钄?shù)以千計(jì)。第52頁(yè)，共185頁(yè)。用法例句表示“(時(shí)間)過(guò)了,比晚,遲于”They arrived beyond nine oclock.他們過(guò)了9點(diǎn)才到。He delayed the matter beyond the fixed time.他把那件事拖過(guò)了規(guī)定的時(shí)間。表示“(位置)在的那邊,在以外”The small village is 20 miles beyond the town.那個(gè)小村莊在離城20英里以外的地方。The village is beyond the mountain.這個(gè)村莊在山的那邊。表示“(范圍)超過(guò),為所不及”This

55、book is beyond me.我看不懂這本書(shū)。He is living beyond his income.他的生活入不敷出。Her work is beyond praise.她的工作令人贊不絕口。3.beyond的用法第53頁(yè)，共185頁(yè)。題組訓(xùn)練翻譯下列句子It was a case beyond the doctors skill.那位醫(yī)生治不了這種病。These students come from beyond the seas.這些學(xué)生來(lái)自海外。4.It is of great value.=It is very valuable.這非常有價(jià)值。The camel is o

56、f great help to the Arabs.=The camel is very helpful to the Arabs.駱駝對(duì)阿拉伯人來(lái)說(shuō)很有幫助。第54頁(yè)，共185頁(yè)。It is of no use.=It is not useful.=It is useless.它沒(méi)用。This matter is of much importance.=This matter is very important. 這件事非常重要。題組訓(xùn)練同義句轉(zhuǎn)換The meeting is very important.=The meeting isof great/much importance.第55

57、頁(yè)，共185頁(yè)。用法例句名詞access, approach, attention, key, answer, apology, introd-uction, attitude, monument, devotion, journey, entrance, note, visit等常與to連用We praise him for his devotion to duty.我們贊美他的忠于職守。名詞congratulations,effect, influence常與on連用Congratulations on your winning the prize!祝賀你獲獎(jiǎng)!to+ones+deligh

58、t/surprise/horror/sorrow/joy/regret=to the delight/surprise/horror/sorrow/joy/regret of sb.意為“使某人的是”。為了強(qiáng)調(diào),在to前面還可加muchMuch to everyones surprise she passed the exam with distinction. 讓大伙吃驚的是,她竟然以?xún)?yōu)異的成績(jī)通過(guò)了考試。5.某些名詞與介詞的固定搭配第56頁(yè)，共185頁(yè)。題組訓(xùn)練用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空In order to change attitudestoemploying women,the governm

59、ent is bringing in new laws.I sent them my sincere congratulationsontheir marriage.Tomy anger,all of them went to the cinema without me.6.記憶以下句子The shirts are different in color.這些襯衫顏色不同。The shirt looks beautiful on you.=You look beautiful in the shirt.這件襯衫穿在你身上很漂亮/你穿上這件襯衫很漂亮。Your account is far fro

60、m being true/is far from/nowhere near/not anywhere第57頁(yè)，共185頁(yè)。 near the truth.你所說(shuō)的遠(yuǎn)非事實(shí)。Papering the ceiling proved next to (=almost)impossible without a ladder.要裱糊天花板沒(méi)有梯子可以說(shuō)是辦不到的。Next to soccer, I like playing tennis best.我最喜歡踢足球,其次是打網(wǎng)球。八、?？冀樵~短語(yǔ)1.介詞與名詞的常用搭配(1)at+n.表示狀態(tài)at a loss不知所措at breakfast早餐時(shí)at p