ecology英語詞匯教程文件

1、Good is good, but better carries it.精益求精，善益求善。ecology英語詞匯-生態(tài)學詞匯：窗體頂端agroecology農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)學abundance豐度，豐富abioticcomponents非生物組分assimilate同化assimilation同化作用aquatic水生的，水域的，水棲的aquaticecosystem水生生態(tài)系統(tǒng)algae藻類，海藻ammonium氨agestructure年齡結構areaeffect面積效應atmosphericcycle氣相型循環(huán)ammonification氨化作用acidrain酸雨aciddeposition

2、酸性沉降物asexualreproduction無性繁殖aquaculture水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖annualweeds一年生草本abandonedfield廢棄農(nóng)田alternativeenergysources替代能源窗體底端窗體頂端adaptation適應alternativefarming替代農(nóng)作adaptativeradiation適應輻射aerobicrespiration有氧呼吸agroforestry農(nóng)林業(yè)alienspecies外源種ancientforest原始森林altitude緯度anaerobicrespiration無氧呼吸arableland耕地autotroph自養(yǎng)生物ap

3、hid蚜蟲boundary邊界bioticcomponents生物組分bioticpopulation生物種群bioticcommunity生物群落biomass生物量（用重量或能量單位表示）biome生物群系，區(qū)域性生物群落類型borealforest北方針葉林beaver海貍窗體底端窗體頂端biosphere生物圈biologicalnitrogenfixation生物固氮biologicaloxygendemand(BOD)生物需氧量bioticpotential生物潛能（生殖潛能）biodiversity生物多樣性biogeochemicalcycles生物地球化學循環(huán)biologic

4、almagnification生物放大作用biotrophicparasite活體寄生物biodegradable生物能降解的biologicalcontrol生物防治biennials兩年生的bioticfactors生物因子birthcontrol生育控制broad-spectrumpesticides光譜殺蟲劑behavioralecology行為生態(tài)學biocoenosis生物群落biotope（群落）生境cultivation栽培，馴養(yǎng)climatechange氣候變化carbonhydrate碳水化合物窗體底端窗體頂端carboncycle碳循環(huán)Calciumcarbonate碳酸

5、鈣coralreef珊瑚礁carryingcapacity環(huán)境容納量clumpeddispersion成叢分布commensalism偏利作用competitiveexclusion競爭排斥coevolution協(xié)同進化camouflage偽裝climaxcommunity頂極群落consumer消費者carnivores肉食動物canopy冠層coniferousforest針葉林convergentevolution趨同進化clear-cut采伐空地contourplowing等高耕作croprotation作物輪作cowbird燕八哥carbondioxideconcentration二

6、氧化碳濃度窗體底端窗體頂端cellulose纖維素closedsystem封閉系統(tǒng)coexistence共存courtship求偶（期）crudebirthrate粗出生率compost有機肥料，堆肥continentalecosystem陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)distribution分布decomposition分解，腐爛，降解discipline學科degradation退化desertification沙化,荒漠化deciduousforest落葉林decomposer分解者detritus有機殘體density-independentcontrols非密度制約density-dependentc

7、ontrols密度制約distanceeffect距離效應detritivore食碎屑者detritalfoodchain腐生食物鏈窗體底端窗體頂端deforestation破壞植被；森林砍伐denitrification反硝化作用deepseafishery深海漁業(yè)dominantspecies優(yōu)勢種dilutioneffect稀釋效應ecological生態(tài)學的，生態(tài)的ecology生態(tài)學ecosystem生態(tài)系統(tǒng)environment環(huán)境environmentalism環(huán)境論，環(huán)境保護論ecologist生態(tài)學家，生態(tài)學者earthworm蚯蚓ecologicalefficiency生態(tài)

8、效率entropy熵endothermicanimal溫血動物,恒溫動物ectothermicanimal冷血動物，變溫動物ElNino厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象estuary河口，江口ecosystemfunction生態(tài)系統(tǒng)功能euphoticzone透光層窗體底端窗體頂端ecologicalpyramid生態(tài)金字塔ecosystemvalue生態(tài)系統(tǒng)價值ecologicalniche生態(tài)位exponentialgrowth指數(shù)型增長energyflow能流environmentalreservoir環(huán)境庫evaporation蒸發(fā)ecosystemmodeling生態(tài)系統(tǒng)模擬environmental

9、gradient環(huán)境梯度energetictrade-off能量平衡equilibrium平衡emergent挺水植物，突出樹叢epiphyte附生植物extinction滅絕exoticspecies外來種endangeredspecies瀕于滅絕的物種ecotone群落交錯區(qū)ecotourism生態(tài)旅游externalcost外部成本ecologicalcrisis生態(tài)危機窗體底端窗體頂端fungi真菌firstlawofthermodynamics熱力學第一定律foodchain食物鏈foodweb食物網(wǎng)flux流（量）fossilfuels化石燃料fixedactionpattern固

10、定行為模式fundamentalniche基礎生態(tài)位feedback反饋fern蕨類植物flagshipspecies旗艦種feedbackloop反饋環(huán)floating-leavedaquaticplant浮葉水生植物grossprimaryproductivity(GPP)總初級生產(chǎn)力grazingfoodchain草牧食物鏈geologicaluplifting地質抬升greenhouseeffect溫室效應greenhousegases溫室氣體greenrevolution綠色革命guild共位群窗體底端窗體頂端grasshopper蝗蟲geneticdrift遺傳漂變globalwa

11、rming全球變暖geothermalpower地熱能geographicisolation地理隔離greenmanure綠肥geneticdiversity遺傳多樣性hunter-gatherersociety狩獵-采集社會herbivore草食動物hydrologicalcycle水循環(huán)habitat生境humanintervention人類干擾humus腐殖質hummingbird蜂鳥habitatfragmentation生境片段化heterotroph異養(yǎng)生物herbcide除草劑hazardouswaste有害廢物hydrosphere水圈homeostasis動態(tài)平衡窗體底端窗體

12、頂端interact相互作用irrigation灌溉individuallevel個體水平infraredspectrum紅外光區(qū)industrialnitrogenfixation工業(yè)固氮infiltrationrate滲漏速度invertedecologicalpyramid倒生態(tài)金字塔impermeablelayer不透水層intraspecificcompetition種內(nèi)競爭interspecificcompetition種間競爭intertidalzone潮間帶instinctivebehavior先天性行為inshorefishery沿海漁業(yè)isotope同位素ice-cap冰蓋

13、，冰帽intermediatedisturbancehypothesis中度干擾假說inorganicfertilizer無機肥料interplanting間作integratedpestmanagement綜合害蟲管理islandbiogeography島嶼生物地理學窗體底端窗體頂端edgeeffect邊緣效應indicatorspecies指示生物infantmortalityrate幼體死亡率intercropping間作invasivespecies入侵物種infectiousdisease傳染病keystonespecies關鍵種kineticenergy動能K-strategist

14、sK-對策者landscapeecology景觀生態(tài)學Lindemannefficiency林德曼效率lynx猞猁，山貓lifetable生命表lifeexpectancy平均壽命limitingresource限制性資源limitingfactors限制因子logisticgrowth邏輯斯諦增長leafcuttingants切葉蟻leaching滲漏land-useplanning土地利用規(guī)劃窗體底端窗體頂端lawoftolerance耐性定律lawofconservationofenergy能量受恒定律Lymedisease萊姆關節(jié)炎病lithosphere巖石圈lenticecosys

15、tem靜水生態(tài)系統(tǒng)managementofecosystem生態(tài)系統(tǒng)管理mycorrhizalfungi菌根真菌mineralization礦化作用marinesystem海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)methane甲烷mortalityrate死亡率mutualism互利共生maximumfataltemperature最高致死溫度mimicry擬態(tài)migratorybirds候鳥maximumsustainableyield最大持續(xù)收獲量marginalcost邊際成本marginalbenefit邊際收益microclimate微氣候（小氣候）matapopulation聯(lián)種群窗體底端窗體頂端minimu

16、mviablepopulation最小可生存種群nematode線蟲類naturalresources自然資源netprimaryproductivity(NPP)凈初級生產(chǎn)力nutrientcycle養(yǎng)分循環(huán)nitrogencycle氮循環(huán)nitrogen-fixingbacteria固氮菌nitrate硝酸鹽neutralinteraction中性作用nitrogenfixation氮固定nitrification硝化作用n-dimensionalhypervolumen維超體積nicheseparation生態(tài)位分離necrotrophicparasite尸養(yǎng)寄生物nonpointsou

17、rcepollutant非點源污染物nonbiodegradable生物不能降解的nativespecies本地種naturereserves自然保護區(qū)naturaldisasters自然災害organism生物體，有機體窗體底端窗體頂端overgrazing過度放牧organicmatter有機質opensystem開放系統(tǒng)overlappinggenerations世代重疊one-wayflow單向流動ozonelayer臭氧層ozonehole臭氧空洞overexploitation過度開發(fā)利用overfishing過度捕撈optimalforagingtheory最適捕食理論oscil

18、lation波動，擺動oligotrophic（水域）貧營養(yǎng)的Omnivores雜食動物oilspill漏油productivity生產(chǎn)力pathogen病菌，病原體pesticide殺蟲劑photosynthesis光合作用primaryproductivity初級生產(chǎn)力photosyntheticefficiency光合效率窗體底端窗體頂端predator捕食者，肉食動物prayingmantis螳螂phytoplankton浮游植物permafrost永凍帶（土）phosphoruscycle磷循環(huán)parentmaterial土壤母質populationdemography種群統(tǒng)計學，人

19、口統(tǒng)計學populationdensity種群密度spatialdistribution空間分布predation捕食parasitism寄生parasite寄主,寄生者parasitoid擬寄生物pioneerspecies先鋒種primarysuccession原生演替prairies草原primaryproducer初級生產(chǎn)者precipitation降水（量）photochemicalsmog光化學煙霧populationfluctuation種群波動窗體底端窗體頂端periodicfluctuation周期性波動prey獵物preadapted預適應的perennialweeds多年

20、生草本positivefeedbackmechanism正反饋機制pointsourcepollutant點源污染物powerplant能源植物physiologicalecology生理生態(tài)學photiczone透光層populationdynamics種群動態(tài)protist原生生物resistance抗性，抵抗力regulationofecosystem生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的調控respiration呼吸作用,呼吸rootnodule根瘤redtides赤潮randomdispersion隨機分布resourcepartitioning資源配置（分配）realizedniche實際生態(tài)位remotes

21、ensing遙感窗體底端窗體頂端restorationecology恢復生態(tài)學system系統(tǒng)stabilityofecosystem生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性soilerosion土壤侵蝕salinization鹽化（作用）solarenergy太陽能secondlawofthermodynamics熱力學第二定律speciesdiversity物種多樣性sable紫貂，黑貂seal海豹standingbiomass現(xiàn)存生物量staticlifetable靜態(tài)生命表survivorshipcurves存活曲線symbiosis共生(體)succession演替secondarysuccession次生演替structureofecosystem生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的結構sedimentarycycle沉積型循環(huán)surfacerunoff地表徑流soilacidification土壤酸化窗體底端窗體頂端sideeffect副作用solidwastes固體廢物