新目標(biāo)九年級(jí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)講解

1、一、語(yǔ)態(tài)概述 英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)態(tài)是通過(guò)動(dòng)詞形式的變化表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的。英語(yǔ)中有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。巧記為：主動(dòng)、主動(dòng)、主去動(dòng)。 例如：Many people speak English. 謂語(yǔ)：speak的動(dòng)作是由主語(yǔ)many people來(lái)執(zhí)行的。 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，即行為動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。巧記為：被動(dòng)、被動(dòng)、主被動(dòng)。例如：English is spoken by many people.主語(yǔ)English是動(dòng)詞speak的承受者。 主動(dòng)態(tài)和被動(dòng)態(tài)指的是動(dòng)詞形式，是詞法概念；而主動(dòng)句和被動(dòng)句則指的是句子結(jié)構(gòu)，從而是句法概念。所謂主動(dòng)句就是由主動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞(詞

2、組)作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句子，而被動(dòng)句則是由被動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞(詞組)作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句子。 例如：He opened the door.他開(kāi)了門(mén)。(主動(dòng)句) The door was opened.門(mén)被開(kāi)了。(被動(dòng)句) 二、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化是通過(guò)be的變化表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的?，F(xiàn)以teach為例說(shuō)明被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)在各種時(shí)態(tài)中的構(gòu)成。 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：amisaretaught 一般過(guò)去時(shí)：wasweretaught 一般將來(lái)時(shí)：willshall betaught 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：amisare beingtaught 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：havehas beentaught

3、 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：havehas beentaught 歌訣是：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)be字變，過(guò)去分詞跟后面。 三、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法 (1)不知道或沒(méi)有必要說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)。 例如： Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。(不知道電腦是誰(shuí)偷的) This book was published in 1981.這本書(shū)出版于1981年。 (2)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，而不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。 例如：the window was broken by Mike.窗戶是邁克打破的。 This book was written by him.這本書(shū)是他寫(xiě)的

4、。 Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天8小時(shí)睡眠必須得到保證。 歌訣：誰(shuí)做的動(dòng)作不知道，說(shuō)出誰(shuí)做的沒(méi)有必要； 動(dòng)作承受者需強(qiáng)調(diào)，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)運(yùn)用到。 四、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法 (1)把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。 (2)把謂語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)(be過(guò)去分詞) (根據(jù)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子里的主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)，以及原來(lái)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)決定be的形式)。 (3)把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主語(yǔ)放在介詞by之后作賓語(yǔ)，將主格改為賓格。例如： All the people laughed at him. He was laughed at by a

5、ll people. They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes are made by them in the factory. 歌訣是：賓變主，主變賓，by短語(yǔ)后面跟。 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)，be后“過(guò)分”來(lái)使用。 五、含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)句變成被動(dòng)句時(shí)，由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞be過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成，原來(lái)帶to的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后“to”仍要保留。 歌訣是：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)，情態(tài)加be加“過(guò)分”，原來(lái)帶to要保留。例如： We can repair this watch in two days. This watch can be rep

6、aired in two days. You ought to take it away. It ought to be taken away. They should do it at once. It should be done at once. 1.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，主詞變?yōu)榻橄翟~by的受詞，受詞變?yōu)橹髟~，人稱代名詞的格也要變化。 Peter, I heard he was hit by you. (被)Peter, I heard you hit him. (主)彼得，我聽(tīng)說(shuō)你打了他。I hit him.(主)He was hit by me. (被)我打了他。2.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸?/p>

7、動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，句子的時(shí)態(tài)保持不變。I will give him a pen.(主)He will be given a pen by me.(被)我將給他一支筆。3.一些與格動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種形式;另一些與格動(dòng)詞如：write, make, bring等的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)則只能以直接受詞作主詞。 A toy was given to Tom by me. (被)Tom was given a toy by me. (被) I will give Tom a toy. (主)我給湯姆一個(gè)玩具。Tom gave me a pen.(主)A pen was given to me by Tom.(被)I wa

8、s given a pen by Tom.(被)湯姆給我一枝筆。A big cake was brought to me by you. (被)You brought me a big cake. (主)你帶給我一個(gè)大蛋糕。She wrote me a letter.(主)A letter was written to me by her.(被)她給我寫(xiě)了一封信。write當(dāng)述語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，在此只能用直接受詞letter當(dāng)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主詞。 4.在感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞后作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的原形動(dòng)詞，在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中用不定詞。You were heard to talk with Peter. (被)I heard yo

9、u talk with Peter. (主) 我聽(tīng)到你和彼得談話。I saw her come out of the classroom.(主)She was seen to come out of the classroom by me.(被) 我看見(jiàn)她出了教室。5.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中如用people, somebody等作主詞，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中可省略受詞。 People eat watermelons in the summer.(主)Watermelons are eaten in the summer.(被)在夏天吃西瓜。6.否定句的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，not放在第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞后。I should not b

10、e blamed by you. (被)You should not blame me. (主)你不應(yīng)該責(zé)怪我。You should not write this letter.(主)This letter should not be written by you.(被)你不應(yīng)該寫(xiě)這封信。7.疑問(wèn)句的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，用BE的對(duì)應(yīng)形式代替DO。Does she drive this car?(主)Is this car driven by her?(被)她開(kāi)這輛車(chē)嗎?What shall we do next?(主)What will be done by us next?(被)我們下一步做什么?8.祈使句的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式為：let+受詞