Copyof電子器件英文及縮寫教程文件

1、Good is good, but better carries it.精益求精，善益求善。Copyof電子器件英文及縮寫-電壓源voltagesource電流源currentsource理想電壓源idealvoltagesource理想電流源idealcurrentsource伏安特性volt-amperecharacteristic電動(dòng)勢(shì)electromotiveforce電壓voltage電流current電位potential電位差potentialdifference歐姆Ohm伏特Volt安培Ampere瓦特Watt焦耳Joule電路circuit電路元件circuitelement

2、電阻resistance電阻器resistor電感inductance電感器inductor電容capacitance電容器capacitor電路模型circuitmodel參考方向referencedirection參考電位referencepotential歐姆定律Ohmslaw基爾霍夫定律Kirchhoffslaw基爾霍夫電壓定律Kirchhoffsvoltagelaw（KVL）基爾霍夫電流定律Kirchhoffscurrentlaw（KCL）結(jié)點(diǎn)node支路branch回路loop網(wǎng)孔mesh支路電流法branchcurrentanalysis網(wǎng)孔電流法meshcurrentanaly

3、sis結(jié)點(diǎn)電位法nodevoltageanalysis電源變換sourcetransformations疊加原理superpositiontheorem網(wǎng)絡(luò)network無(wú)源二端網(wǎng)絡(luò)passivetwo-terminalnetwork有源二端網(wǎng)絡(luò)activetwo-terminalnetwork戴維寧定理Theveninstheorem諾頓定理Nortonstheorem開路（斷路）opencircuit短路shortcircuit開路電壓open-circuitvoltage短路電流short-circuitcurrent直流電路directcurrentcircuit(dc)交流電路alt

4、ernatingcurrentcircuit(ac)正弦交流電路sinusoidala-ccircuit平均值averagevalue有效值effectivevalue均方根值root-mean-squirevalue(rms)瞬時(shí)值instantaneousvalue電抗reactance感抗inductivereactance容抗capacitivereactance法拉Farad亨利Henry阻抗impedance復(fù)數(shù)阻抗compleximpedance相位phase初相位initialphase相位差phasedifference相位領(lǐng)先phaselead相位落后phaselag倒相，

5、反相phaseinversion頻率frequency角頻率angularfrequency赫茲Hertz相量phasor相量圖phasordiagram有功功率activepower無(wú)功功率reactivepower視在功率apparentpower功率因數(shù)powerfactor功率因數(shù)補(bǔ)償power-factorcompensation串聯(lián)諧振seriesresonance并聯(lián)諧振parallelresonance諧振頻率resonancefrequency頻率特性frequencycharacteristic幅頻特性amplitude-frequencyresponsecharacter

6、istic相頻特性phase-frequencyresponsecharacteristic截止頻率cutofffrequency品質(zhì)因數(shù)qualityfactor通頻帶pass-band帶寬bandwidth(BW)濾波器filter一階濾波器first-orderfilter二階濾波器second-orderfilter低通濾波器low-passfilter高通濾波器high-passfilter帶通濾波器band-passfilter帶阻濾波器band-stopfilter轉(zhuǎn)移函數(shù)transferfunction波特圖Bodediagram傅立葉級(jí)數(shù)Fourierseries三相電路th

7、ree-phasecircuit三相電源three-phasesource對(duì)稱三相電源symmetricalthree-phasesource對(duì)稱三相負(fù)載symmetricalthree-phaseload相電壓phasevoltage相電流phasecurrent線電壓linevoltage線電流linecurrent三相三線制three-phasethree-wiresystem三相四線制three-phasefour-wiresystem三相功率three-phasepower星形連接starconnection(Y-connection)三角形連接triangularconnectio

8、n(D-connection,deltaconnection)中線neutralline暫態(tài)transientstate穩(wěn)態(tài)steadystate暫態(tài)過(guò)程，暫態(tài)響應(yīng)transientresponse換路定理lowofswitch一階電路first-ordercircuit三要素法three-factormethod時(shí)間常數(shù)timeconstant積分電路integratingcircuit微分電路differentiatingcircuit磁路與變壓器磁場(chǎng)magneticfield磁通flux磁路magneticcircuit磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度f(wàn)luxdensity磁通勢(shì)magnetomotivefo

9、rce磁阻reluctance直流電動(dòng)機(jī)dcmotor交流電動(dòng)機(jī)acmotor異步電動(dòng)機(jī)asynchronousmotor同步電動(dòng)機(jī)synchronousmotor三相異步電動(dòng)機(jī)three-phaseasynchronousmotor單相異步電動(dòng)機(jī)single-phaseasynchronousmotor旋轉(zhuǎn)磁場(chǎng)rotatingmagneticfield定子stator轉(zhuǎn)子rotor轉(zhuǎn)差率slip起動(dòng)電流startingcurrent起動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)矩startingtorque額定電壓ratedvoltage額定電流ratedcurrent額定功率ratedpower機(jī)械特性mechanicalcha

10、racteristic按鈕button熔斷器fuse開關(guān)switch行程開關(guān)travelswitch繼電器relay接觸器contactor常開(動(dòng)合)觸點(diǎn)normallyopencontact常閉(動(dòng)斷)觸點(diǎn)normallyclosedcontact時(shí)間繼電器timerelay熱繼電器thermaloverloadrelay中間繼電器intermediaterelay可編程控制器programmablelogiccontroller語(yǔ)句表statementlist梯形圖ladderdiagram本征半導(dǎo)體intrinsicsemiconductor摻雜半導(dǎo)體dopedsemiconducto

11、rP型半導(dǎo)體P-typesemiconductorN型半導(dǎo)體N-typesemiconductor自由電子freeelectron空穴hole載流子carriersPN結(jié)PNjunction擴(kuò)散diffusion漂移drift二極管diode硅二極管silicondiode鍺二極管germaniumdiode陽(yáng)極anode陰極cathode發(fā)光二極管light-emittingdiode(LED)光電二極管photodiode穩(wěn)壓二極管Zenerdiode晶體管（三極管）transistorPNP型晶體管PNPtransistorNPN型晶體管NPNtransistor發(fā)射極emitter集電

12、極collector基極base電流放大系數(shù)currentamplificationcoefficient場(chǎng)效應(yīng)管field-effecttransistor(FET)P溝道p-channelN溝道n-channel結(jié)型場(chǎng)效應(yīng)管junctionFET（JFET）金屬氧化物半導(dǎo)體metal-oxidesemiconductor(MOS)耗盡型MOS場(chǎng)效應(yīng)管depletionmodeMOSFET（D-MOSFET）增強(qiáng)型MOS場(chǎng)效應(yīng)管enhancementmodeMOSFET（E-MOSFET）源極source柵極grid漏極drain跨導(dǎo)transconductance夾斷電壓pinch-off

13、voltage熱敏電阻thermistor開路open短路shorted放大器amplifier正向偏置forwardbias反向偏置backwardbias靜態(tài)工作點(diǎn)quiescentpoint(Q-point)等效電路equivalentcircuit電壓放大倍數(shù)voltagegain總的電壓放大倍數(shù)overallvoltagegain飽和saturation截止cut-off放大區(qū)amplifierregion飽和區(qū)saturationregion截止區(qū)cut-offregion失真distortion飽和失真saturationdistortion截止失真cut-offdistorti

14、on零點(diǎn)漂移zerodrift正反饋positivefeedback負(fù)反饋negativefeedback串聯(lián)負(fù)反饋seriesnegativefeedback并聯(lián)負(fù)反饋parallelnegativefeedback共射極放大器common-emitteramplifier射極跟隨器emitter-follower共源極放大器common-sourceamplifier共漏極放大器common-drainamplifier多級(jí)放大器multistageamplifier阻容耦合放大器resistance-capacitancecoupledamplifier直接耦合放大器direct-cou

15、pledamplifier輸入電阻inputresistance輸出電阻outputresistance負(fù)載電阻loadresistance動(dòng)態(tài)電阻dynamicresistance負(fù)載電流loadcurrent旁路電容bypasscapacitor耦合電容coupledcapacitor直流通路directcurrentpath交流通路alternatingcurrentpath直流分量directcurrentcomponent交流分量alternatingcurrentcomponent變阻器（電位器）rheostat電阻（器）resistor電阻（值）resistance電容（器）ca

16、pacitor電容（量）capacitance電感（器，線圈）inductor電感（量），感應(yīng)系數(shù)inductance正弦電壓sinusoidalvoltage差動(dòng)放大器differentialamplifier運(yùn)算放大器operationalamplifier(op-amp)失調(diào)電壓offsetvoltage失調(diào)電流offsetcurrent共模信號(hào)common-modesignal差模信號(hào)different-modesignal共模抑制比common-moderejectionratio(CMRR)波特沃斯濾波器Butterworthfilter切比雪夫?yàn)V波器Chebyshevfilter

17、貝塞爾濾波器Besselfilter截止頻率cut-offfrequency上限截止頻率uppercut-offfrequency下限截止頻率lowercut-offfrequency中心頻率centerfrequency開環(huán)增益open-loopgain閉環(huán)增益closed-loopgain共模增益common-modegain輸入阻抗inputimpedance電壓跟隨器voltage-follower單位增益帶寬unity-gainbandwidth頻率響應(yīng)frequencyresponse頻響特性（曲線）responsecharacteristic穩(wěn)定性stability補(bǔ)償compe

18、nsation比較器comparator遲滯比較器hysteresiscomparator階躍輸入電壓stepinputvoltage儀表放大器instrumentationamplifier隔離放大器isolationamplifier對(duì)數(shù)放大器logamplifier反對(duì)數(shù)放大器antilogamplifier反饋通道feedbackpath反向漏電流reverseleakagecurrent鎖相環(huán)phase-lockedloop(PLL)鎖相環(huán)相位監(jiān)測(cè)器PLLphasedetector和頻sumfrequency差頻differencefrequency振蕩器oscillatorRC振蕩

19、器RCoscillatorLC振蕩器LCoscillator正弦波振蕩器sinusoidaloscillator三角波發(fā)生器triangularwavegenerator方波發(fā)生器squarewavegenerator幅度magnitude電平level飽和輸出電平（電壓）saturatedoutputlevel功率放大器poweramplifier交越失真cross-overdistortion甲類功率放大器classApoweramplifier乙類推挽功率放大器classBpush-pullpoweramplifierOTL功率放大器outputtransformerlesspowera

20、mplifierOCL功率放大器outputcapacitorlesspoweramplifier半波整流full-waverectifier全波整流half-waverectifier電感濾波器inductorfilter電容濾波器capacitorfilter串聯(lián)型穩(wěn)壓電源series(voltage)regulator開關(guān)型穩(wěn)壓電源switching(voltage)regulator集成穩(wěn)壓器IC(voltage)regulator晶閘管及可控整流電路晶閘管thyristor單結(jié)晶體管unijunctiontransistor（UJT）可控整流controlledrectifier可控

21、硅silicon-controlledrectifier峰點(diǎn)peakpoint谷點(diǎn)valleypoint控制角controllingangle導(dǎo)通角turn-onangle二進(jìn)制binary二進(jìn)制數(shù)binarynumber十進(jìn)制decimal十六進(jìn)制hexadecimal二-十進(jìn)制binarycodeddecimal（BCD）門電路gate三態(tài)門tri-stategate與門ANDgate或門ORgate非門NOTgate與非門NANDgate或非門NORgate異或門exclusive-ORgate反相器inverter布爾代數(shù)Booleanalgebra真值表truthtable卡諾圖th

22、eKarnaughmap邏輯函數(shù)logicfunction邏輯表達(dá)式logicexpression組合邏輯電路combinationlogiccircuit譯碼器decoder編碼器coder比較器comparator半加器half-adder全加器full-adder七段顯示器seven-segmentdisplay時(shí)序邏輯電路sequentiallogiccircuitR-S觸發(fā)器R-Sflip-flopD觸發(fā)器Dflip-flopJ-K觸發(fā)器J-Kflip-flop主從型觸發(fā)器master-slaveflip-flop置位set復(fù)位reset直接置位端direct-setterminal

23、直接復(fù)位端direct-resetterminal寄存器register移位寄存器shiftregister雙向移位寄存器bidirectionalshiftregister計(jì)數(shù)器counter同步計(jì)數(shù)器synchronouscounter異步計(jì)數(shù)器asynchronouscounter加法計(jì)數(shù)器addingcounter減法計(jì)數(shù)器subtractingcounter定時(shí)器timer清除（清0）clear載入load時(shí)鐘脈沖clockpulse觸發(fā)脈沖triggerpulse上升沿positiveedge下降沿negativeedge時(shí)序圖timingdiagram波形圖waveform單穩(wěn)態(tài)

24、觸發(fā)器monostableflip-flop雙穩(wěn)態(tài)觸發(fā)器bistableflip-flop無(wú)穩(wěn)態(tài)振蕩器astableoscillator晶體crystal555定時(shí)器555timer模擬信號(hào)analogsignal數(shù)字信號(hào)digitalsignalAD轉(zhuǎn)換器analog-digitalconverter(ADC)DA轉(zhuǎn)換器digital-analogconverter(DAC)半導(dǎo)體存儲(chǔ)器只讀存儲(chǔ)器read-onlymemory（ROM）隨機(jī)存取存儲(chǔ)器random-accessmemory（RAM）可編程ROMprogrammableROM（PROM）電容C電阻R晶體二極管D穩(wěn)壓二極管ZD晶體

25、三極管Q電感L熱敏電阻RT晶振X變壓器T（R）AC(alternatingcurrent)交流(電)AD(analogtodigital)模擬數(shù)字轉(zhuǎn)換ADC(analogtodigitalconvertor)模擬數(shù)字轉(zhuǎn)換器ALU(arithmeticlogicunit)算術(shù)邏輯單元ASCII(Americanstandardcodeforinformationinterchange)美國(guó)信息交換標(biāo)準(zhǔn)碼BCD(binarycodeddecimal)二進(jìn)制編碼的十進(jìn)制數(shù)BZ(buzzer)HYPERLINK/product/searchfile/412.htmlt_blank蜂鳴器，蜂音器C(ca

26、pacitance，capacitor)電容量，電容器CMOS(complementary)互補(bǔ)MOSCPU(centralprocessingunit)中央處理單元CS(controlsignal)控制信號(hào)D(diode)HYPERLINK/product/file284.htmlt_blank二極管DC(directcurrent)直流DIP(dualin-linepackage)雙列直插封裝DRAM(dynamicrandomaccessmemory)動(dòng)態(tài)隨機(jī)HYPERLINK/product/searchfile/310.htmlt_blank存儲(chǔ)器ECG(electrocardiog

27、raph)心電圖EDI(electronicdatainterchange)HYPERLINK/t_blank電子數(shù)據(jù)交換EOC(endofconversion)轉(zhuǎn)換結(jié)束EPROM(erasableprogrammablereadonlymemory)可擦可編程只讀存儲(chǔ)器EEPROM(electricallyEPROM)電可擦可編程只讀存儲(chǔ)器ESD(electro-staticdischarge)靜電放電FET(field-effecttransistor)場(chǎng)效應(yīng)HYPERLINK/product/searchfile/552.htmlt_blank晶體管FU(fuseunit)HYPERLI

28、NK/product/searchfile/87.htmlt_blank保險(xiǎn)絲裝置FWD(forward)正向的GND(ground)接地，地線HF(highfrequency)高頻HTS(heattemperaturesensor)熱HYPERLINK/product/file471_472.htmlt_blank溫度傳感器IC(integratedcircuit)HYPERLINK/product/searchfile/584.htmlt_blank集成電路IGBT(insulatedgatebipolartransistor)絕緣柵雙極型晶體管IGFET(insulatedgatefie

29、ldeffecttransistor)絕緣柵場(chǎng)效應(yīng)晶體管IRQ(interruptrequest)中斷請(qǐng)求JFET(junctionfieldeffecttransistor)結(jié)型場(chǎng)效應(yīng)晶體管LCD(liquidcrystaldisplay)液晶顯示器LDR(lightdependentresistor)光敏HYPERLINK/product/searchfile/294.htmlt_blank電阻LED(lightemittingdiode)HYPERLINK/product/file284_291.htmlt_blank發(fā)光二極管LRC(longitudinalredundancychec

30、k)縱向冗余(碼)校驗(yàn)LSI(1argescaleintegration)大規(guī)模集成電路M(motor)電動(dòng)機(jī)MCT(MOScontrolledgyrator)場(chǎng)控晶閘管MIC(microphone)話筒，微音器，麥克風(fēng)MOS(metaloxidesemiconductor)金屬氧化物半導(dǎo)體MOSFET(metaloxidesemiconductorFET)金屬氧化物半導(dǎo)體場(chǎng)效應(yīng)晶體管NMOS(N-channelmetaloxidesemiconductorFET)N溝道MOSFETOC(overcurrent)過(guò)電流OCB(overloadcircuitbreaker)過(guò)載HYPERLINK

31、/product/searchfile/401.htmlt_blank斷路器OV(overvoltage)過(guò)電壓PCM(pulsecodemodulation)脈沖編碼調(diào)制PF(powerfactor)功率因數(shù)PFM(pulsefrequencymodulation)脈沖頻率調(diào)制PG(pulsegenerator)脈沖發(fā)生器PIN(positiveintrinsic-negative)光電二極管PIO(parallelinputoutput)并行輸入輸出PLD(phase-lockeddiscriminator)鎖相解調(diào)器PLL(phase-lockedloop)鎖相環(huán)路PMOS(P-channelmetaloxidesemiconductorFET)P溝道MOSFETPRT(pulserecurrenttime)