英語(yǔ)三大從句對(duì)比課件

1、英語(yǔ)三大從句對(duì)比復(fù)習(xí)-第一節(jié) 從句的基本認(rèn)識(shí)從句的概念英語(yǔ)中的從句是指在主句中擔(dān)任某個(gè)句子成分的句子。從句的分類一般按其功能分為三大類：名詞性從句，形容詞性從句，及副詞性從句。 主語(yǔ)從句名詞性從句 表語(yǔ)從句 賓語(yǔ)從句 同位語(yǔ)從句形容詞性從句-定語(yǔ)從句。是用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞的句子，具有形容詞性。副詞性從句-狀語(yǔ)從句。在句中作狀語(yǔ)。-從句的基本特點(diǎn)及用法- 各個(gè)從句的共同特點(diǎn)：1、都有引導(dǎo)詞；2、都有主謂結(jié)構(gòu)；3、都在主句中擔(dān)任一個(gè)句子成分，不能獨(dú)立存在。-各種從句在主句中的位置及其作用1、主語(yǔ)從句+謂語(yǔ)或It（形式主語(yǔ)）+謂語(yǔ)+主語(yǔ)從句That he will attend the meetin

2、gis certain.It is unknownwho did the work.2、主語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)從句The question iswhether he will come here tonight.-3、主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+it(形式主語(yǔ))+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)從句eg. I only regretthat I have but one life to lose for my country.Can you tell mewhere Mary lives?We think it necessarythat we learn English we

3、ll.-注：賓語(yǔ)從句還可以在介詞、不定式、V-ing ,及少數(shù)形容詞后當(dāng)它們的賓語(yǔ)。能帶賓語(yǔ)從句的形容詞常見(jiàn)有：sure ,glad , sorry ,certain , worried , awareetc.eg. We all agree with him onwhat he said.I havent found my book yet; in fact, I am not surewhere I could have done with it.I am awarethat you have been exceptionally kind to me.-4、同位語(yǔ)詞news(idea ,

4、 fact , hope , promise etc)+同位語(yǔ)從句eg. We heard the newsthat our team had won.The factthat he hadnt said anythingsurprised everybody.I have no ideawhen she will be back.-5.先行詞（名詞或代詞）+限定性定語(yǔ)從句或先行詞（名詞或代詞），+非限定性定語(yǔ)從句eg. Gone are the dayswhen Shanghai was a paradise for imperialist adventures.Is this the re

5、staurantin which you work?My elder sister,who is twenty,is now studying in the university.-6.主句+狀語(yǔ)從句或狀語(yǔ)從句，+主句注意逗號(hào)eg. Speak to him slowlyso that he may understand you better.No matter how difficult the work may be,we must surely complete it.以上是從五個(gè)基本簡(jiǎn)單句型出發(fā)，根據(jù)各種從句的特點(diǎn)，通過(guò)列式顯示各從句在主句中的位置關(guān)系。從而可以看出什么樣的從句就在主句

6、中擔(dān)任什么樣的句法功能。-各種從句的引導(dǎo)詞的選擇 -這個(gè)問(wèn)題是學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)從句這一內(nèi)容的最大障礙，要弄清屬于什么從句，除了分清各從句在主句中的位置外，關(guān)鍵在于弄懂各個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞在從句中的作用。-Conjunctions of Noun Clauses: 連詞連接代詞連接副詞what, who, whom, whose, which, whoever, whatever, whicheverthat, whether, if as if/as though (表語(yǔ)從句)when, where, how, why-注意: 1表語(yǔ)從句還可以用as if/though(好像，婉如)來(lái)引導(dǎo)2whoever, w

7、homever, whosever, whatever, whichever主要引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句。3同位語(yǔ)從句往往用連詞that和連接副詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)。-4名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞除that外，都有詞義；除that, if, whether外，都在從句中擔(dān)任句子成分。5連詞that在賓語(yǔ)從句中往往省去。如：He told me (that) he had bought a new lamp.6名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞根據(jù)其詞義進(jìn)行選擇，并參考其在從句中擔(dān)任的成分。- 關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞that which who whom whose as 等when where why等-注意:1定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞在

8、從句中都擔(dān)任句子。2定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞無(wú)具體詞義，大都可翻譯成漢語(yǔ)的“的”字。3定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞和先行詞是同一概念的事物。-4引導(dǎo)詞在定語(yǔ)從句中當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省去。5定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞是根據(jù)先行詞進(jìn)行選擇。6what不能當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。-九種狀從 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句原因狀語(yǔ)從句條件狀語(yǔ)從句讓步狀語(yǔ)從句結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句目的狀語(yǔ)從句方式狀語(yǔ)從句比較狀語(yǔ)從句 -九種常用的狀語(yǔ)從句及其常用的連接詞 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 when, while, as, before, after, since, once ,by the time , till, until, notuntil, the first/seco

9、nd/last time, as soon as, the moment, the minute, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, hardlywhen, scarcelywhen, no soonerthan , every time, each time where, wherever because, since, as, for, now that(既然）, in that（因?yàn)椋?if, unless, as(so) long as, on condition that, 要)等。如：地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句原因狀語(yǔ)從句條件狀語(yǔ)從句-

10、九種常用的狀語(yǔ)從句及其常用的連接詞 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句 so that, sothat, suchthat so that, in order that, in case, as, as if/as though than, asas, not so/asas, the +比較級(jí), the +比較級(jí) 目的狀語(yǔ)從句方式狀語(yǔ)從句比較狀語(yǔ)從句讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 although, though, as, even though/even if, while(雖然）, no matter +which/what/when/where/who/how, whichever, wherever, whatever,

11、whoever, whenever, however, whetheror； -考點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)歸納-注：（1）狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞都有具體詞義，擔(dān)在從句中不擔(dān)任句子成分。（2）狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞的選擇首先看是屬于哪一類從句，再根據(jù)引導(dǎo)詞的詞義適當(dāng)?shù)剡M(jìn)行選擇。（3）狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞一般不省略。-(4)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句由as(盡管)引導(dǎo)時(shí)，從句的表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)要放在as之前。如：Poor as he was, he was honest.Much as I admire him as a writer, I do not like him as a man.(5)however(無(wú)論怎樣),no matter how(無(wú)論怎樣)