14-15英語（外研版）必修3同步課件：Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia第2課時

1、Sandstorms in AsiaModule 41.1.1集合的概念第二課時Grammar IEveryday English and Function1.1.1集合的概念Module 4課內(nèi)合作探究 2課后強化作業(yè) 5新課標語法 3基 礎 鞏 固 4課前自主預習1課前自主預習根據(jù)提示完成句子，體會不定式在句中的用法。1風力足夠強大可以搬動沙丘。The wind is strong enough_sand dunes.2遇上沙塵暴是一種可怕的經(jīng)歷。_a sandstorm was a terrible experience.to move To have been caught in 3這

2、項工作需要在周末前完成。The work needs_by the end of the week.4我不禁愛上了她。I cant help but_her.5他別無選擇，只好接受事實。He had no choice but_the fact.to be completed love to accept 課內(nèi)合作探究1)n. 大氣；大氣層The pollution of the atmosphere is serious.大氣污染是嚴重的。2)n. 空氣These plants love warm，humid atmospheres.這些植物喜歡溫暖潮濕的空氣。3)n. 氣氛；氛圍Use m

3、usic and lighting to create a romantic atmosphere.用音樂和燈光創(chuàng)造一種浪漫的氣氛。The children grew up in an atmosphere of violence and insecurity.這些孩子在暴力和無安全感的環(huán)境中長大。知識拓展clear the atmosphere 消除誤會(或緊張、猜疑氣氛)a revolutionary atmosphere 革命的氣氛即學即用語法填空The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly_.答

4、案：atmosphereatmosphere除指“大氣；空氣”外，還有“氣氛；環(huán)境”的意思，符合句意。2environment n. C，U環(huán)境；自然環(huán)境An unhappy home environment can affect a childs behaviour.不幸福的家庭環(huán)境可能對孩子的行為造成影響。These rocks are common to certain climate environments.這些巖石是某些氣候環(huán)境下常見的。詞語辨析environment，surroundings，circumstance(s)，settingenvironment既可指自然環(huán)境，也可

5、指精神環(huán)境，均從環(huán)境對人的感受、道德及觀念的影響著眼。surroundings專指自然環(huán)境，從周圍的事物這一客體著眼。所以我們說，美麗的surroundings，幸福的environment。circumstance(s)指某事或動作發(fā)生時的“情況”。setting用來指為了突出某個主體而存在的背景、環(huán)境。The children grew up in beautiful surroundings but not in a happy home environment.孩子們在美麗的環(huán)境中長大，但是卻缺少一個幸福的家庭環(huán)境。Maybe under these circumstances we

6、may say that man can conquer nature.也許在這樣的情況下我們可以說人定勝天。The setting of the story is a hotel in Paris during the war.故事的背景是戰(zhàn)時巴黎的一家旅館。即學即用翻譯短語(1)環(huán)境污染_(2)保護環(huán)境的措施_(3)環(huán)境保護運動_答案：(1)pollution of the environment(2)measures to protect the environment(3)an environmental movement3concerned adj. (about，for)關心的；擔

7、心的She is very concerned about her sons study.她很關心兒子的學習。Please dont be concerned about me.請不要為我擔心。We are all concerned for her safety.我們大家都擔心她的安全。搭配as far as I am concerned 就我來說As far as I am concerned，the plan is acceptable.在我看來，這項計劃是可以接受的。As far as I am concerned，school life is enjoyable.就我而言，學校生活很

8、有趣。知識拓展1)concern n. U，C擔心；擔憂 vt. 使擔憂；牽涉The concerned parents are full of concern about the matter which may concern their child.憂心忡忡的家長非常擔心那件可能會涉及他們孩子的事情。2)concerning prep. 關于We have several discussions concerning the matter.關于這件事，我們已討論了好幾次。即學即用完成句子Mother _ (擔心)his safety when he stayed outside by h

9、imself.答案：was concerned about 4evidence n. U根據(jù)；證明；U，C跡象，痕跡There is no evidence of his being guilty.沒有任何證據(jù)證明他有罪。Evidence was piling up against them.不利于他們的證據(jù)越來越多。He couldnt show me any evidence for this statement.對于這種說法，他無法給我出示任何證據(jù)。The room bore evidence of a struggle.這房間里有搏斗過的痕跡。搭配in evidence 可看見的，明顯

10、的Hes the sort of man who likes to be very much in evidence at important meetings.他是非常喜歡在重大會議上出風頭的那種人。知識拓展evident adj. 明顯的，清楚的It is evident that he has been drinking.顯然他喝了酒。It must be evident to all of you that he has made a mistake.你們一定很清楚，他犯了錯誤。即學即用語法填空Some new _ prove the prisoner guiltless.答案：evi

11、denceevidence“證據(jù)”，符合句意。句意：一些新的證據(jù)證明這個囚犯無罪。5urgent adj. 緊急的The patient was in urgent need of medical care.這個病人需要緊急醫(yī)療看護。Its not urgent；it can wait until tomorrow.這事不急，可以等到明天再說。知識拓展1)urge vt. 催促，力勸 n. C強烈欲望，迫切要求They urged us to go at once.他們催促我們馬上去。She urged me to rest.(She urged me into resting.)她力勸我去休

12、息。The vacation is coming and I have an urge to travel.假期快到了，我很想外出旅行。2)urgency n. U緊急，迫切This is a matter of great urgency.這是一件十分緊急的事情。3)urgently adv.緊急地，迫切地We urgently need these books.我們急需這些書。即學即用語法填空Since the matter was extremely _，we dealt with it immediately.答案：urgenturgent“緊迫的，緊急的”，符合句意。句意：由于事情非

13、常緊急，所以我們立即處理了。6pollute v. 污染；弄臟The river has been polluted with toxic waste from local factories.當?shù)毓S排放的有毒廢棄物污染了這條河。知識拓展polluter n. 污染者；污染源pollution n. 污染；弄臟polluted adj. 被污染的即學即用翻譯句子我們必須采取措施阻止環(huán)境污染。_答案：We must take meassures to stop pollution of the environment.7complain vt.& vi. 抱怨；埋怨；發(fā)牢騷He is alwa

14、ys complaining.他總是發(fā)牢騷。What was the weather like on your holiday?你度假時天氣怎么樣？Oh，I cant complain.嗬，沒說的(要多好有多好)。She complained to me about his bad manners.她向我抱怨他的無禮。We have nothing to complain about/of.我們沒什么好抱怨的。知識拓展complaint n. C，U 抱怨，不滿I have a number of complaints about the hotel room you have given m

15、e.我對你給我的旅館房間有幾點不滿意見。鏈接動詞名詞complain 抱怨complaint 抱怨weigh 稱重weight 重量join 連接joint 接頭即學即用語法填空Dont _ to me again _ your low position in the government.OK.I promise never.答案：complain；of句意：“別再跟我抱怨你在政府里面的職位低了?！薄昂玫?。我保證再也不了?！眂omplain to /about sth.意為“向某人抱怨某事”，符合題意。8absolutely adv.1)完全地You are absolutely wrong

16、.你完全錯了。2)無條件地；絕對地Ill agree with him absolutely and wont change my mind later.我會絕對同意他的意見而且日后不會改變主意。知識拓展absolute adj. 完全的即學即用語法填空Many African people have only the basics of survival.Its _(absolute)unbelievable.答案：absolutely句意：很多非洲人只有維持生存的基本條件，這簡直令人難以置信。absolutely“絕對地；完全地”，符合題意。1.take in 收容；接納；理解；吸收；欺騙

17、Though she was poor，she took in a poor boy.盡管她很窮，但她收容了一個可憐的男孩。He had nowhere to live in，so we took him in.他沒地方住，因此我們收留了他。It took me a long time to take in what he said.我花了好長時間才明白他說的話。I was taken in by the cheat.我被那騙子騙了。知識拓展take off 起飛；脫(衣帽)take on 呈現(xiàn)；承擔take out 拿出；拔掉take over 接管take up 開始(從事)；拿起；占據(jù)(

18、空間、時間)take place 發(fā)生take the place of.代替的位置take part in 參加take a chance 冒險take ones time 慢慢來；不要著急即學即用語法填空Dont be_(take in)by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.答案：taken in考查短語。take in“欺騙”；根據(jù)句意，用被動語態(tài)。2have a(n)(bad)effect on/upon 對有(壞)影響Alcohol has a bad effect on drivers.酒精對司機有很壞的影響。T

19、his had a great effect upon the future of both mother and son.這件事對母子倆將來的影響很大。聯(lián)想即學即用語法填空The films which _(affect)many people many years ago still have an _ on the education of the young generation today.答案：affected；effect句意：多年前影響了很多人的那些電影對今天年輕人的教育仍然有影響。affect是及物動詞，意為“影響”；effect是名詞，意為“影響”，have an effe

20、ct on.“對有影響”。3give out 分發(fā)；用完；用盡；發(fā)表；公布；發(fā)出(光、熱)Please give out the examination papers.請把試卷發(fā)下去。After a days walk，both the horse and the man gave out.走了一天后，人和馬都累了。The sun gives out light and heat.太陽給我們光和熱。知識拓展give up 放棄give in 屈服；讓步give off 發(fā)出(氣體等)give back 返回；歸還give away 泄密；贈送即學即用語法填空The monitor helped

21、 the teacher give_ the new books to the class.答案：out句意：班長幫老師給全班分發(fā)新課本。give out“分發(fā)”，符合題意。4in a nutshell 一言以蔽之；簡要地說；用一句話概括There is a lot I could say about the lecture，but in a nutshell，it is bad.我對這個演講有很多的話說，但簡而言之：糟透了。To put it in a nutshell，the show was a total disaster.一句話，這場演出糟糕透了。知識拓展in a word 總之；一

22、句話in brief 簡單地說；簡言之in short 長話短說；綜上所述in summary 總的說來；概括起來即學即用翻譯句子簡而言之，我不喜歡這部電影。_答案：In a nutshell，I dont like the movie.新課標語法圖解語法助記表解語法助記1不定式的用法功能規(guī)則說明例句作主語 不定式作主語，相當于名詞或代詞的作用，往往放在謂語之后，用it作形式主語。To see is to believe.眼見為實。To learn an art is very hard.學習一門藝術很難。It is right to give up smoking.戒煙很正確。作賓語不定式短

23、語作賓語時，如果還帶有賓語補足語，往往把不定式短語放在賓語補足語之后，而用it作形式賓語。How I wish to see my old friends again.我是多么想再見到我的老朋友啊。I find it interesting to study English.我發(fā)現(xiàn)學習英語很有趣。She made it clear that she disagreed.她明確表示她不同意。功能規(guī)則說明例句作賓語補足語在feel，hear，listen to，look at，notice，observe，see，watch，have，let，make等詞后的補足語中，不定式不帶to?？梢院喕癁橄?/p>

24、列口訣：一感二聽三讓五看半幫助。但是這些句子如果變成被動結構時，就必須帶上to。He asked me to do the work with him.他讓我同他一塊工作。These pictures made me think of my childhood.這些照片使我想起了我的童年。Dont let him go.不要讓他走。I often hear him sing the song.我經(jīng)常聽到他唱歌。He is often heard to sing the song.經(jīng)常會聽到他唱歌。功能規(guī)則說明例句作狀語不定式作狀語往往表示目的、原因、結果或條件。注意表示原因、結果時不可置于句首

25、。I came here to see you.我來這兒是為了看你。(目的)We were very excited to find nobody there.發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有人在那兒，我們非常興奮。(原因)He hurried to the school to find nobody there.他匆忙趕到學校，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)那兒沒有人。(結果)To look at him，you would like him.去看一下他，你會喜歡他的。(條件)功能規(guī)則說明例句作表語不定式作表語表示主語的“職業(yè)、職責或性質(zhì)”等。主語、表語都是不定式，前者為條件，后者為目的或結果。主語為duty，plan，wish，hope

26、，idea等名詞。主語為what引導的名詞性從句。My job is to help the patient.我的工作就是幫助病人。To learn a language is to use it.學習一門語言的目的是使用它。My hope is to become a pop singer.我希望成為一名流行歌手。What surprised me most is to see him beaten black and blue.最使我感到驚奇的是他被打得鼻青臉腫。2.不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)規(guī)則說明例句不定式的一般形式所表示的動作，通常與謂語的動作或狀態(tài)同時(或幾乎同時)發(fā)生，或是在它之后發(fā)生。

27、She seems to know all.她似乎什么都知道。I saw him go out.我看到他出去了。I hope to see you next week.我希望下周能見到你。如果謂語表示的動作(情況)發(fā)生時，不定式表示的動作正在進行，這時不定式就要用進行時。I am very glad to be working with you.很高興與你合作。Dont pretend to be working hard.Just do what you should.不要假裝努力工作。做你該做的事。規(guī)則說明例句如果不定式的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前，就要用完成式。Im sorry to hav

28、e kept you waiting.對不起讓你久等了。She is well known to have been to many countries.大家都知道她去過很多國家。當不定式邏輯上的主語是這個不定式所表示的動作的承受者時，不定式一般要用被動形式。He asked to be sent to work in the countryside.他要求被派往農(nóng)村工作。The car needs to be repaired before we go on a trip to Europe.我們?nèi)W洲旅游之前，這輛車需要修理一下。語態(tài)時態(tài)主動式被動式一般式to writeto be wri

29、tten進行式to be writing完成式to have writtento have been written完成進行式to have been writing否定式是在to前加not3“but不定式”的用法規(guī)則說明例句不定式在介詞but，except，beside，other than后面時，如果這些介詞之前有行為動詞do(而非助動詞)的各種形式，那么這些介詞后的不定式不帶to，否則帶to。She could do nothing but cry.她除了哭別無辦法。I have no choice but to wait.我除了等待別無選擇。I had nothing to do bu

30、t watch TV.我除看電視外無事可做。She wanted nothing but to cry.她什么都不想做，只想哭一場。規(guī)則說明例句當句子的謂語動詞是cant，cant help，cant choose等結構時，but，except，besides后的不定式也省略to。We cant but admire his bravery.我們只能敬佩他的勇敢。I cant but tell her the truth.我不得不告訴她真相。We cant choose but wait.我們只能等待。She is such a lovely girl that I cant help but

31、 love her.她是一個如此可愛的女孩，我禁不住愛上了她。We couldnt help but laugh when we heard his story.聽了他的故事，我們?nèi)滩蛔〈笮ζ饋?。What could he do but forgive her?他不原諒她又能怎么辦？即學即用語法填空(1)_(knock)at the door before you enter my room，please.答案：Knock本題考查祈使句。 句意：在進我的房間之前請先敲門。 句中出現(xiàn)連詞before說明前后都為句子，因此用原形，為祈使句。(2)Nothing is so easy as _ pa

32、rents to raise their expectations of their children too high.答案：for本題考查介詞的用法。句意：沒有什么事情與父母過高地提高對孩子的期望值那么容易。此處為不定式的復合結構。注意：for do sth.與of do sth.的區(qū)別。當用for 時，表示其前面的形容詞是修飾to do sth.；用of時，其前的形容詞是修飾sb.的。故此處用for。(3)George returned after the war，only _(tell)that his wife had left him.答案：to be told本題考查非謂語動詞，

33、“only to do”作結果狀語。句意：戰(zhàn)后喬治回來了，結果被告訴他妻子已離他而去。 only to do sth.表示意料之外的結果。答案：A(4)Tom took a taxi to the airport，only _(find)his plane high up in the sky.答案：to find本題考查非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞作狀語，表示意想不到的結果，要用動詞不定式。句意：湯姆搭乘出租車到了機場，結果發(fā)現(xiàn)他要坐飛機已高在天空。(5)He told us whether_(have)a picnic was still under discussion.答案：to have考

34、查“特殊疑問詞不定式”作主語的用法。whether to have a picnic作賓語從句的主語，意思是“要不要舉行野餐還在討論之中”。(6)Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it _(reuse) 答案：to be reused本題考查動詞不定式的用法。句意為：當今，人們常把垃圾加以分類從而使之更容易被回收利用。在邏輯上it與reuse之間是動賓關系，所以用動詞不定式的被動結構。(7)The children all turned_(look at)the famous actress

35、 as she entered the classroom.答案：to look at句意為：當那位著名的女演員走進了教室，所有的孩子都轉(zhuǎn)過頭去看她。turn to 表示“轉(zhuǎn)向；求助”的意思。但此處turn意為“轉(zhuǎn)身”，其后的不定式表目的。(8)_(be)a winner，you need to give all you have and try your best.答案：To be考查非謂語動詞的用法。根據(jù)后句“你需要付出一切并盡你最大努力”可知還沒有成為勝者，to be a winner為目的狀語，“為了成為一名勝者”。(9)I have a lot of readings_(comple

36、te)before the end of this term.答案：to complete本題考查非謂語動詞的使用。句意應為：這個學期結束前，我要做很多閱讀練習。由于時間狀語before the end of this term表達未來的時間，所以空格處使用動詞不定式表示將來，充當readings的定語。(10)His first book_(publish)next month is based on a true story. 答案：to be published考查非謂語動詞。此處是非謂語動詞作后置定語，由時間狀語next month可知所填非謂語動詞表示將來的動作，用動詞不定式，其邏輯

37、主語是所修飾的名詞book，不定式與邏輯主語是被動關系，故用不定式的被動式。(11)He was astonished_(find)that his son was still asleep when its time for work.答案：to find句意：他吃驚地發(fā)現(xiàn)他兒子在上班時間睡覺?？疾榉侵^語動詞。be astonished 后應該跟動詞不定式作狀語。(12)Its no use having ideas only.Dont can show you _to turn an idea into an act.答案：how句意：光有主意沒用。不用擔心，皮特可以教你怎樣把主意變?yōu)樾袆?/p>

38、?？疾檫B接詞的用法。how表示“怎樣”，強調(diào)方式?；?礎 鞏 固.單詞拼寫1If you warm ice it will m_into water.2Dont drink the p_ water in this well.Its dangerous to your health.3There is a growing c_ about the safety of mobile phones because of its radiation.4Jack c_ to me that his stepfather had treated him badly.5The _ (大氣層) can pr

39、event us from being harmed by the strong sunlight.6Mr Green wont come here to play has some _ (緊急的)business to deal with.7I work in the movie industry in which the box office is a_ (主要的)concern.8This _ (回收的)paper can be used to make shopping bags.答案：5atmosphere.用括號內(nèi)單詞的適當形式填空。1. These _ (chemistry)ar

40、e harmful to the environment and we must bury them deep.2Some measures have been taken to reduce water_(pollute)in this area.3We are trying to reach an agreement _ (concern) air pollution.4_ (evident)has been piled up that global warming is caused by human activity.5The young man has_(absolute)no experience of being a secretary.答案：1.chemicals2.pollution3.concerning4. Evidence5.absolutely.語法填空1A stable social _ is necessary for economic development.答案：environment句意：穩(wěn)定的社會環(huán)境對經(jīng)濟發(fā)展非常必要。environment“環(huán)境”，符合題意。2The _ o