適用焊接專業(yè)英語

1、氣焊gas welding氧乙炔焊 oxy-acetylene welding氫氧焊 oxy-hydrogen welding空氣乙炔焊 air-acetylene welding氧乙炔焊 oxy-acetylene flame氫氧焰 oxy-hydrogen flame氧煤氣焰 oxy-coal gas flame焊接火焰 welding flame混合比 mixing ratio混合氣體可燃范圍 inflammable limit of the gaseous一次燃燒 primary combustion二次燃燒 secondary combustion燃燒速度 combustion ra

2、te燃燒強度 combustion intensity火焰熱效率 flame heating efficiency焰芯 inner cone; flame cone內焰 internal flame外焰 flame envelope中性焰 neutral flame氧化焰 oxidizing flame碳化焰 carburizing flame回火 flashback逆火 backfire回燒 flashback氣體發(fā)生速度 gasification speed焊炬 torch; blow pipe等壓式焊炬 balanced pressure torch射吸式焊炬 injector torc

3、h氧乙炔焊炬 oxy-acetylene torch焊割兩用炬 combined cutting and welding torch混合室 mixing chamber噴射器 injector焊嘴 welding nozzle; welding tip液氧氣化器 oxygen evaporator氣瓶 gas cylinder乙炔瓶 acetylene cylinder閥罩 cylinder cap氣瓶閥 cylinder valve匯流排 cylinder manifold減壓器 pressure regulator; gas regulator單級減壓器 single stage regu

4、lator兩級減壓器 two stage regulator回火防止器 flashback arrestor干式回火防止器 dry flashback arrestor水封式回火防止器 water-closing type arrestor凈化器 purifier乙炔發(fā)生器 acetylene generator低壓乙炔發(fā)生器 low pressure acetylene generator熱劑補焊 thermit repair welding鋼軌熱劑焊 thermit rail weldin焊接專業(yè)英語詞匯-焊接結構及工裝 焊接結構welded structure/ welded const

5、ruction焊件weldment焊接部件weld assembly組裝件built-up member接頭設計joint design焊接應力welding stress焊接瞬時應力transient welding stress焊接殘余應力welding residual stress熱應力thermal stress收縮應力contraction stress局部應力local stress拘束應力constraint stress固有應力inherent stress固有應變區(qū)inherent strain zone殘余應力測定residual stress analysis逐層切割法

6、Sachs methodX射線衍射法X-ray stress analysis小孔釋放法Mathar method固有應變法inherent strain method消除應力stress relieving局部消除應力local stress relieving應力重分布stress redistribution退火消除應力stress relieving by annealing溫差拉伸消除應力low temperature stress relieving機械拉伸消除應力mechanical stress relieving應力松弛stress relaxation焊接變形welding

7、 deformation焊接殘余變形welding residual deformation局部變形local deformation角變形angular distortion自由變形free deformation收縮變形contraction deformation錯邊變形mismatching deformation撓曲變形deflection deformation波浪變形wave-like deformation火焰矯正flame straightening反變形backward deformation焊接力學welding mechanics斷裂力學fracture mechani

8、cs彈塑性斷裂變形elasto-plastic fracture mechanics線彈性斷裂力學linear elastic fracture mechanics延性斷裂ductile fracture脆性斷裂brittle fracture應力腐蝕開裂stress corrosion cracking熱應變脆化hot straining embrittlement臨界裂紋尺寸critical crack size裂紋擴展速率crack propagation rate裂紋張開位移（COD）crack opening displacement拘束度restraint intensity拘束系

9、數(shù)restraint coefficient應變速率strain rate斷裂韌度fracture toughness應力強度因子stress intensity factor臨界應力強度因子critical stress intensity factors羅伯遜止裂試驗Robertson crack arrest testESSO試驗ESSO test雙重拉伸試驗doucle tension test韋爾斯寬板拉伸試驗Wells wide plate test帕瑞斯公式Paris formula斷裂分析圖fracture analysis diagram焊接車間welding shop焊接工

10、作間welding booth焊接工位welding post/ welding station焊工welder電焊工manual arc welder氣焊工gas welder焊接檢驗員weld inspector焊工培訓welders training焊工模擬訓練器trainer of synthetic weld焊工考試welder qualification test焊工合格證welder qualification/ welder qualified certification鋼板預處理steel plate pretreatment噴沙sand blast噴丸shot blast矯

11、正straighten開坡口bevelling (of the edge)/ chanfering裝配assembly/ fitting安裝erect剛性固定rigid fixing裝配焊接順序sequence of fitting and welding焊接工藝評定welding procedure qualification焊接工藝規(guī)程welding procedure specification焊接工藝試驗welding procedure test 焊接工藝卡welding procedure card工序operational sequence焊接材料消耗定額welding cons

12、umables quota焊接工時定額welder-hour quota清渣slag removal 清根back gouging/ back chipping錘擊peening返修次數(shù)number of rewelding焊接工作臺welding bench裝焊平臺welding platen電磁平臺electromagnetic platen焊接翻轉機welding tilter焊接變位機positioner焊接滾輪架turning rolls焊接操作機manpulator焊工升降臺welders lifting platform焊接夾具welding jig/ fixture磁力夾緊器m

13、agnetic jig螺旋推撐器screw operated tensioning unit焊絲盤繞機welding wire coiler焊條壓涂機welding electrode extrusion press紅外線加熱器infra-red heater干燥箱dryer焊條保溫筒thermostat for electrode流量計flow meterCO2預熱器CO2 heaterCO2干燥器CO2 desiccator焊接電纜welding cable焊接欠缺焊接欠缺welding imperfection焊接缺陷weld defect氣孔blowhole/ gas pore針尖狀氣

14、孔pinhole密集氣孔porosity條蟲狀氣孔wormhole裂紋crack表面裂紋surface crack咬邊undercut焊瘤overlap凹坑pit燒穿burn through塌陷excessive penetration未焊透incomplete penetration/ lack of penetration未熔合lack of fusion/ incomplete fusion未焊滿incompletely filled weld根部凹陷root concavity電弧擦傷arc scratch夾渣slag inclusion夾雜物inclusion夾鎢tungsten i

15、nclusion白點fish eye/ flake錯邊misalignment/ dislocation焊接檢驗試件test piece試樣test specimen無損檢驗nondestructive test破壞檢驗destructive test外觀檢查visual examination超聲波探傷ultrasonic inspection直射法超聲波探傷straight beam method斜射法超聲波探傷angle beam method液浸法超聲波探傷immersion method射線探傷radiographic inspection/ radiographyX射線探傷X-ra

16、y radiographic inspection射線探傷gamma-ray inspectionX射線工業(yè)電視探傷X-ray industrial television inspection磁粉探傷magnetic particle inspection電磁探傷electromagnetic inspection/ eddy current test探傷靈敏度flaw detection sensitivity滲透探傷penetration inspection熒光探傷flurescent penetrant inspection著色探傷dye penetrant inspection密封性

17、檢驗leak test氣密性檢驗air tight test枕形氣密檢驗pillow test耐壓檢驗pressure test水壓檢驗hydraulic test氣壓檢驗pneumatic test液晶檢驗liquid crystal test聲發(fā)射檢測acoustic emission testing面彎試驗face bend testing背彎試驗root bend test側彎試驗side bend test橫彎試驗horizontal bend test縱彎試驗axial bend test壓扁試驗squeezing test焊接專業(yè)英語詞匯（通用部分） acetylene 乙炔 a

18、mpere 電流安培 angle welding 角焊 arc 電弧 argon arc welding 氬弧焊接 bare electrode 光熔接條 butt welding 對接焊接 camber 電弧彎曲 cascade 階疊熔接法 clad weld 被覆熔接 crator 焊疤 excess metal 多余金屬 filler rod 焊條 fillet weld 填角焊接 gas shield 氣體遮蔽 groove welding 起槽熔接 hand face shield 手握面罩 hard facing 硬表面堆焊 jig welding 工模焊接 laser beam

19、welding 雷射光焊接 metal electrode insert gas welding MIG熔接 nugget 點焊熔核 overlaying 堆焊 peening of welding 珠擊熔接法 plug welding 塞孔熔接 positioned welding 正向熔接 pressure welding 壓焊 propane gas cutting 丙烷氣切割 pure nickel electrode 純鎳熔接條 reinforcement of weld 加強焊接 resist 抗蝕護膜 root running 背面熔接 seam 焊縫 seaming 接合 se

20、am welding 流縫熔接 series seam welding 串聯(lián)縫熔接 skip welding process 跳焊法 spark 火花 spot welding 點焊接 stitch welding 針角焊接 stud arc welding 電弧焊接 under laying 下部焊層 void 焊接空隙 weld flow mark 焊接流痕 weld flush 焊縫凸起 weld line 焊接紋 weld mark 焊接痕 weld penetration 熔接透入 weld zone 焊接區(qū) welding 焊接 welding bead 焊接泡 welding d

21、irection 焊接方向 welding distortion 焊接變形 welding flux 焊劑 welding ground 電熔接地 welding interval 焊接周期 welding stress 熔接應變 welding torch 熔接氣炬 welding electrode production line電焊條生產線welding electrode焊條welding fixture焊接夾具welding generator電焊機welding goggles焊工護目鏡welding gun焊槍welding helmet電焊帽welding inspection

22、 ruler焊接檢驗尺welding machine焊接機welding mill焊管機welding motor generator電動焊接發(fā)電機welding nozzle焊嘴welding paste焊接藥膏welding pipe焊接管welding powder焊粉welding rectifier焊接整流器welding robot焊接機器人welding rod extrusion press焊條擠壓機welding rod with acidic coating酸性焊條welding rod with alkaline coating堿性焊條welding rod焊條weldi

23、ng simulator焊接模擬器welding stainless electrode不銹電焊條welding steel tube焊接鋼管welding tin billet焊錫棒料welding tongs焊接夾鉗welding torch焊炬welding transformer電焊變壓器welding unit焊機welding wire machine焊線機welding wire焊絲welding-cutting hose熔焊及切割膠管welding-cutting tool焊割具welding-rod core焊條芯welding-seam cleaner焊縫清理機weldle

24、ss pipe無縫管weldless steel tube無縫鋼管well borer鑿井機well counter井式計數(shù)器well deck vessel井形甲板船well drill鉆井機well platform鉆井平臺well rig鉆井機原材料rawmaterial底板 bottom plate墊層 cushion側壁 sidewall中心線center line條形基礎 strip footing附件 accessories型鋼 profile steel鋼板 steel plate熔渣 slag飛濺 welding spatter定位焊 tacking引弧 generating

25、 of arc 熄弧 quenching of arc焊道 welding bead坡口 beveled edges外觀檢查 visual inspection重皮 doubleskin水平方向弧度 radian in horizontal direction成型 molding直線度 straightness accuracy焊縫角變形 welding line angular distortion水平度 levelness鉛垂度 verticality翹曲變形 buckling deformation角尺 angle square對接焊縫 butt weld母材 parent metal法

26、蘭密封面 flange sealing surface夾層interlayer表面銹蝕濃度 surface corrosion concentration撓曲變 bending deformation超聲波探傷 ultrasonic testing/ ultrasonic examination壓力容器 pressure vessel預制下料prefabrication baiting排版直徑 set-type diameter焊縫 welding line中幅板 ? center plate測量方法 measuring method 基準點 datum mark跳焊 skip welding

27、允許偏差 allowable variation補強板 stiffening plate開孔 tapping對接接頭 banjo fixing butt jointing角鋼 angle iron安裝基準圓 installation fundamental circle吊裝立柱 hoisting upright column焊接鋼管 welded steel pipe向心斜拉筋 centripetal canting pull rope帶板 band plate槽鋼脹圈 channel steel expansion ring環(huán)口 collar extension局部變形 local dist

28、ortion環(huán)縫 circumferential weld頂板 top plate拱頂 vault頂板加強肋 stiffening rib對接 butt joint胎具 clamping fixture卷板機 plate bending rolls中心支架 center bearing bracket橢圓度 ovality等分線 bisectrix搭接寬度lap width點焊spot welding搭接焊 overlap welding對稱：symmetrically螺旋爬梯cockle stairs放料閥baiting valve液位計 content gauge充水試驗 filling

29、water test錯邊量 unfitness of butt joint 底圈 foundation ring真空度檢漏 vacuum degree leak test丁字焊縫 tee welding滲透探傷 oil whiting test充水試驗 filling water test內側角焊縫接頭 interior angle welding line joint foundation settlement 基礎沉降測量基準點 datum mark ?穩(wěn)定性試驗 stability test排氣閥 outlet valve角鋼 angle steel構件 component part機械

30、損傷 mechanical damage縮孔 shrinkage cavityenfoldment 折迭碳鋼管 carbon steel tube公稱直徑 nominal diameter預埋件 embedded part軸測圖 axonometric drawing布置圖arrangement diagram氧乙炔氣割 oxyacetylene gas cutting低合金鋼管low alloy steel熱影響區(qū) heat affected area修磨polish砂輪片grinding wheel等離子plasma panel重皮 coldlap凹凸unevenness縮口necking

31、 down端面 head face傾斜 偏 差 dip deviation外徑 external diameter砂輪grinding wheel管件 pipe casting單線 圖single line drawing平齊parallel and level兩端 two terminals滿扣 buckle螺栓 緊 固 bolton周邊 periphery附加 應 力 additional stress同軸 度 axiality平行 度 parallelism隨機 stochastic允許 偏 差 allowable variation重直 度verticality水平 度 levelne

32、ss隔離 盲 板 blind plate氬弧 焊argon arc welding壓蓋 螺 栓 gland bolt間距spacing有效 期 period of validity擔任 take charge of ;undertake焊條 welding rod碳鋼 焊 條carbon steel焊絲 welding wire熔化 焊 melting鋼絲 steel wire氣體 保 護 焊 gas shielded arc welding 烘干drying清洗ablution 制度system焊接 工 藝welding procedure相應corresponding手工 電 弧 焊man

33、ual electric arc welding手工 鎢 極 manual tungsten electrode打底render電源power source交流alternating current焊件 weldment管壁 厚 度 pipe thickness對接 焊 縫 butt weld工件 壁 厚 workpiece飛濺 物 splash沾污 smirch油污 oil stain細銼 smooth file銑刀 milling cutter氧化 膜 oxide film脫脂 處 理 ungrease treatment棉質 纖 維 cotton fibre丙酮acetone硫 sulf

34、ur焊劑 welding flux鋼板 steel plate縱向 焊 縫 longitudinal weld longitudinal seam筒節(jié) shell ring封頭 end socket卷管 reelpipe強度試驗strength test起弧arc starting 穿堂 風draught熔合fusion反面reverse side整體integral 封堵block up焊口 weld bond醫(yī)用 膠 布medical proof fabric高頻 high frequency焊炬welding torch送氣air supply2006-09-02|焊接專業(yè)英語詞匯（熔化

35、焊） 熔接fusion welding壓接pressure welding焊接過程welding process焊接技術welding technique焊接工藝welding technology/procedure焊接操作welding operation焊接順序welding sequence焊接方向direction of welding焊接位置welding position熔敷順序build-up sequencedeposition sequence焊縫傾角weld slope/inclination of weld axis焊縫轉角weld rotation/angle of

36、rotation平焊位置flat position of welding橫焊位置horizontal position of welding立焊位置vertical position of welding仰焊位置overhead position of welding平焊downhand welding/flat position welding橫焊horizontal position welding立焊vertical position welding仰焊overhead position welding 全位置焊all position welding：熔焊時，焊件接逢所處空間位置包括平

37、焊、橫焊、仰焊等位置所進行的焊接。如水平固定管所進行的環(huán)縫焊接向下立焊vertical down welding/downward welding in the vertical position向上立焊vertical up welding/upward welding in the vertical position傾斜焊inclined position welding上坡焊upward welding in the inclined position下坡焊downward welding in the inclined position對接焊butt welding角焊fillet w

38、elding搭接焊lap welding船形焊fillet welding in the downhand position/fillet welding in the flat position平角焊horizontal fillet welding立角焊fillet welding in the vertical position仰角焊fillet welding in the overhead position坡口焊groove weldingI形坡口對接焊square butt welding喇叭形坡口焊 flare groove welding卷邊焊flanged edge weld

39、ing縱縫焊接welding of longitudinal seam橫縫焊接welding of transverse seam環(huán)縫焊接girth welding/ circumferential螺旋縫焊接welding of spiral seam/welding of helical seam環(huán)縫對接焊butt welding of circumferential seam定位焊tack welding單面焊welding by one side雙面焊welding by both sides單道焊single pass welding/single run welding多道焊mult

40、i-pass welding單層焊single layer welding多層焊multi-layer welding分段多層焊block sequence/ block welding分層多道焊multi-layer and multi-pass welding連續(xù)焊continuous welding斷續(xù)焊intermittent welding打底焊backing weld封底焊back sealing weld蓋面焊cosmetic welding深熔焊deep penetration welding擺動焊welding with weaving/weave bead welding前

41、傾焊 foreward welding (英國)/ forehand welding (美國)后傾焊 backward welding(英國)/ backhand welding(美國)分段退焊backstep welding跳焊skip welding對稱焊balanced welding/ balanced welding sequence左焊法leftward welding forehand welding右焊法rightward welding/backhand welding挑弧焊whipping method自動焊automatic welding手工焊manual weldin

42、g/hand welding車間焊接shop welding工地焊接site welding(英國)/ field welding (美國)拘束焊接restraint welding堆焊surfacing/building up/overlaying隔離層堆焊buttering端部周邊焊boxing/end return返修焊rewelding補焊repair welding塞焊plug welding槽焊slot welding襯墊焊welding with backing焊劑墊焊welding with flux backing窄間隙焊narrow-gap welding強制成形焊encl

43、osed welding脈沖電弧焊pulsed are welding電弧點焊arc spot welding螺柱焊stud welding熱風焊hot gas welding高能焊high grade energy welding固態(tài)焊接solid-state welding單面焊雙面成形one-side welding with back formation焊接條件welding condition焊接工藝參數(shù)welding parameter極性polarity正接electrode negative/straight polarity反接electrode positive/rever

44、sed polarity運條方式manipulation of electrode焊接電流welding current焊接電流增加時間welding current upslope time焊接電流衰減時間welding current downslope time電流密度current density短路電流short circuit current脈沖電流pulse level/pulse current level脈沖電流幅值pulse current amplitude基值電流background level脈沖頻率pulse frequency脈沖焊接電流占空比duty cycle

45、 of pulse duration電弧電壓arc voltage再引弧電壓reignition voltage焊接速度welding speed行走速度rate of travel/travel speed送絲速度wire feed rate線能量heat input/energy input熱輸入heat input預熱preheat后熱postheat焊后熱處理posweld heat treatment/postheat treatment預熱溫度preheat temperature層間溫度interpass temperature焊接終了溫度finishing temperatur

46、e后熱溫度postheating temperature焊絲伸出長度wire extension弧長arc length熔化速度melting rate熔化時間melting time熔化系數(shù)melting coefficient熔敷速度rate of deposition/deposition rate熔敷系數(shù)deposition coefficient熔敷效率deposition efficiency損失系數(shù)loss coefficient飛spatter飛濺率spatter loss coefficient融合比fusion ratio稀釋dilution稀釋率rate of dilut

47、ion合金過度系數(shù)transfer efficiency/recovery (of an element)坡口groove坡口面groove face坡口面角度angle of bevel (英國)/ bevel angle (美國)坡口角度included angle(英國)/groove angle(美國)坡口高度groove depth鈍邊root face鈍邊高度thickness of root face/width of root face根部間隙root gap(英國)/root opening (美國)根部半徑root radius/groove radius根部銳邊root

48、edge卷邊高度height of flange卷邊半徑radius of flange單面坡口single groove雙面坡口double groove坡口形式groove typeI形坡口square grooveV形坡口single V grooveY形坡口single V groove with root face雙Y形坡口double Vgroove with root face帶鈍邊U形坡口single U groove帶鈍邊雙U形坡口double U grooveVY形坡口single compound angle groove帶鈍邊J形坡口single J groove帶鈍邊

49、雙J形坡口double J groove單邊V形坡口single bevel groove雙V形坡口double V groove不對稱雙V形坡口 asymmetric double V groove雙單邊V形坡口 double bevel groove/K groove帶墊板V形坡口 V groove with backing/ single V groove with backing 喇叭形坡口flare groove鎖底坡口single bevel groove with backing locked坡形板邊 tapered edge焊縫 weld接逢 seam焊縫符號 welding

50、symbol焊縫金屬 weld metal填充金屬 filler metal熔敷金屬 deposited metal焊縫表面weld face/ face of weld焊縫背面 back of weld焊縫軸線axis of weld焊縫尺寸 size of weld焊縫寬度weld width/ width of weld焊縫長度 weld length/ length of weld焊縫有效長度 effective length of weld焊縫厚度 throat depth/ throat thickness焊縫計算厚度theoretical throat焊縫實際厚度actual t

51、hroat熔深penetration/ depth of penetration焊縫成形appearance of weld焊縫成形系數(shù)form factor of weld余高 reinforcement/ excess weld metal背面余高root reinforcement削平焊縫flush weld/ weld machined flush對接焊縫butt weld角焊縫fillet焊腳leg/ fillet weld leg角焊縫斷面形狀profile of fillet weld平形角焊縫flat fillet凸形角焊縫convex fillet weld凹形角焊縫conc

52、ave fillet weld角焊縫凹度concavity側面角焊縫side fillet weld/ fillet weld in parallel shear正面角焊縫front fillet weld/ fillet weld in normal shear立角焊縫fillet weld in the vertical position橫角焊縫fillet weld in the horizontal position平角焊縫fillet weld in the flat position斜角焊縫oblique fillet weld連續(xù)焊縫continuous weld斷續(xù)焊縫inte

53、rmittent weld連續(xù)角焊縫continuous fillet weld斷續(xù)角焊縫intermittent fillet weld交錯斷續(xù)角焊縫staggered intermittent fillet weld并列斷續(xù)角焊縫chain intermittent fillet weld端接焊縫edge weld卷邊焊縫flanged edge weld塞焊焊縫plug weld縱向焊縫longitudinal weld橫向焊縫transverse weld環(huán)行焊縫girth weld/ circumferential weld螺旋形焊縫spiral weld/ helical weld

54、密封焊縫seal weld承載焊縫strength weld聯(lián)系焊縫connective weld定位焊縫tack weld焊道bead/ run/ pass焊波ripple焊根weld root/ root of weld焊趾weld toe/ toe封底焊道sealing run (after making main weld)/ back weld打底焊道backing weld (before making main weld)/ back weld根部焊道root pass/ root run填充焊道filling bead蓋面焊道cosmetic bead/ cover pass回

55、火焊道temper bead/ annealing bead熔透焊道penetration bead焊層 layer焊接接頭welded joint接頭形狀joint geometry等強匹配接頭equalmatching weld joint低強匹配接頭undermatching weld joint超強匹配接頭overmatching weld joint接頭根部root of joint對接接頭butt jointI形對接接頭square butt jointV形對接接頭single V butt jointU形對接接頭single U butt jointJ形坡口接頭single J

56、butt joint雙V形對接接頭double V butt joint雙單邊V形對接接頭double bevel butt joint/ K groove butt joint帶鈍邊U形對接接頭double U butt joint帶鈍邊J形坡口接頭double J joint角接接頭corner jointT形接頭T joint斜T形接頭inclined T joint十字接頭cruciform joint/ cross-shaped joint三聯(lián)接頭joint among three members搭接接頭lap joint套管接頭muff joint/ sleeve joint雙蓋板

57、接頭double strapped joint蓋板接頭strapped joint端接接頭edge joint卷邊接頭flanged edge joint鎖底對接接頭lock butt joint斜對接接頭oblique butt joint混合接頭mixed joint/ composite joint有間隙接頭open joint無間隙接頭closed joint焊接電弧welding arc電弧形態(tài)arc shape電弧物理行為arc physics behaviour引弧striking arc引弧電壓striking voltage電弧氣氛arc atmosphere陰極cathod

58、e熱陰極hot cathode冷陰極cold cathode陰極斑點cathode spot陰極區(qū)cathode region陰極區(qū)電場強度intensity of the electric field in the cathode region陰極壓降cathode drop陽極anode陽極斑點anode spot斑點壓力spot pressure陽極區(qū)anode region陽極區(qū)電場強度intensity of the electric field in the anode region陽極壓降anode drop弧柱arc column/ arc stream弧柱壓降voltage

59、drop in arc column弧柱電位梯度potential gradient in the arc column弧焰arc flame弧心arc core硬電弧forceful arc/ hard arc軟電弧soft arc旋轉電弧rotating arc脈沖電弧pulsed arc脈沖噴射電弧pulsed spray arc起皺現(xiàn)象puckering phenomena起皺電弧puckering arc起皺臨界電流 puckering critical current間接電弧 indirect arc壓縮電弧 compressive arc磁控電弧 magnetic control

60、ling arc電弧力 arc force電磁力 electromagnectic force電磁收縮效應 pinch effect電弧飄移 wandering of arc電弧穩(wěn)定性 arc stability電弧靜特性 static characteristic of arc電弧動特性 dynamic characteristic of arc最小電壓原理 principle of minimum voltage電弧挺度arc stiffness電弧偏吹 arc blow磁偏吹 magnetic blow陰極清理作用 cleaning action of the cathode電弧自身調節(jié)