超全面的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法圖解

1、超全面的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法圖解一名詞I. 名詞的種類：II. 名詞的數(shù)：1. 規(guī)則名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式：名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，一般在單數(shù)形式后面加-s或-es?，F(xiàn)將構(gòu)成方法與讀音規(guī)則列表如下：2. 不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)：英語(yǔ)里有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是不規(guī)則的，現(xiàn)歸納如下：III. 名詞的所有格：名詞在句中表示所有關(guān)系的語(yǔ)法形式叫做名詞所有格。所有格分兩種：一是名詞詞尾加s構(gòu)成，二是由介詞of加名詞構(gòu)成。前者多表示有生命的東西，后者多表示無生命的東西。1. s所有格的構(gòu)成：2. s所有格的用法：3. of所有格的用法：用于無生命的東西：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book用于

2、有生命的東西，尤其是有較長(zhǎng)定語(yǔ)時(shí)：the classrooms of the first-year students用于名詞化的詞：the struggle of the oppressed二冠詞冠詞分為不定冠詞（a, an），定冠詞（the），和零冠詞。I. 不定冠詞的用法：三代詞：I. 代詞可以分為以下七大類：II. 不定代詞用法注意點(diǎn)：1. one, some與any:1) one可以泛指任何人，也可特指，復(fù)數(shù)為ones。some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑問句和否定句。One should learn to think of others.Have you any bookmarks?

3、 No, I dont have any bookmarks.I have some questions to ask.2) some可用于疑問句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答復(fù)，或者表示建議，請(qǐng)求等。Would you like some bananas?Could you give me some money?3) some 和any修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時(shí)，some表示某個(gè)，any表示任何一個(gè)。I have read this article in some magazine.Please correct the mistakes, if any.4) some和數(shù)詞連用表示“大約”，any可與比較

4、級(jí)連用表示程度。There are some 3,000 students in this school.Do you feel any better today?2. each和every:each強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)別，代表的數(shù)可以是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上，而every強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，所指的數(shù)必須是三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上。Each student has a pocket dictionary. / Each (of us) has a dictionary. / We each have a dictionary.Every student has strong and weak points. / Every one o

5、f us has strong and weak points.3. none和no：no等于not any，作定語(yǔ)。none作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，代替不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，代替可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)皆可以。There is no water in the bottle.How much water is there in the bottle? None.None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties.4. other和another:1) other泛指“另外的，別的”常與其他詞連用，如：the other day, every other

6、 week, some other reason, no other way,the other特指兩者中的另外一個(gè)，復(fù)數(shù)為the others。如： He held a book in one hand and his notes in the other.Two students in our class failed, but all the others passed the exam.2) another指“又一個(gè)，另一個(gè)”無所指，復(fù)數(shù)形式是others，泛指“別的人或事”如：I dont like this shirt, please show me another (one).T

7、he trousers are too long, please give me another pair / some others.Some like football, while others like basketball. 5. all和both, neither和eitherall表示不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。both和all加否定詞表示部分否定，全部否定用neither和none.All of the books are not written in English. / Not all of the books are written in English.Both o

8、f us are not teachers. / Not both of us are teachers. / Either of us is a teacher.四形容詞和副詞I. 形容詞：1. 形容詞的位置：1) 形容詞作定語(yǔ)通常前置，但在下列情況后置：II. 副詞副詞的分類：III. 形容詞和副詞比較等級(jí)：形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)分為原級(jí)，比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成一般是在形容詞和副詞后加-er和-est，多音節(jié)和一些雙音節(jié)詞前加more 和most。1. 同級(jí)比較時(shí)常常用 asas以及not so(as)as如：I am not so good a player as you

9、are.2. 可以修飾比較級(jí)的詞有：much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal。3. 表示一方隨另一方變化時(shí)用“the morethe more”句型。如：The harder you work, the more progress you will make.4. 用比較級(jí)來表達(dá)最高級(jí)的意思。如：I have never spent a more worrying day.5. 表示倍數(shù)的比較級(jí)有如下幾種句型：Our school is three times lar

10、ger than yours./Our school is four times as large as yours./Our school is four times the size of yours.6. 表示“最高程度“的形容詞沒有最高級(jí)和比較級(jí)。如：favourite, excellent, extreme, perfect。五介詞I. 介詞分類：六動(dòng)詞I. 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)：1. 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)一共有16種，以ask為例，將其各種時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式列表如下：2. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別：1) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀況，但和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，它不能同

11、表示過去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，漢譯英時(shí)可加“已經(jīng)”等詞。簡(jiǎn)言之，利用過去，說明現(xiàn)在。如： I have already read the novel written by the world-famous writer. (已經(jīng)看過，且了解這本書的內(nèi)容)2) 一般過去時(shí)只表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在無關(guān)，它可和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，漢譯英時(shí)可加“過”，“了”等詞。簡(jiǎn)言之，僅談過去，不關(guān)現(xiàn)在。如： I read the novel last month. (只說明上個(gè)月看了，不涉及現(xiàn)在是否記住) I lived in Beijing for ten years.（只說明在北京住過十年，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)

12、）3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別： 兩者都可以表示“從過去開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在”，在含義上如著重表示動(dòng)作的結(jié)果時(shí)，多用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，如著重表示動(dòng)作一直在進(jìn)行，即動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性時(shí)，則多用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。一般不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞也不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。 I have read that book.我讀過那本書了。I have been reading that book all the morning. 我早上一直在讀那本書。4. 一般將來時(shí)的表達(dá)方式：II. 動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：七情態(tài)動(dòng)詞I. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞基本用法：II. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must, may, might, could, can表示推測(cè)：以

13、must為例。must + do(be)是推測(cè)現(xiàn)在存在的一般狀態(tài)進(jìn)行；must + be doing 推測(cè)可能正在進(jìn)行的事情；must +have done是推測(cè)可能已經(jīng)發(fā)生過的事情。1. must“肯定，一定”語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)，只用于肯定句中。He must be a man from America. / He must be talking with his friend. / He must have already arrived there.2. may和might“也許”，后者語(yǔ)氣弱，更沒有把握?？捎糜诳隙ň浜头穸ň洹?He may not be at home. / They might

14、 have finished their task.3. can和could“可能”，could表示可疑的可能性，不及cant語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)，用于肯定、否定、疑問句中。The weather in that city could be cold now.We could have walked there; it was so near.（推測(cè)某事本來可能發(fā)生，但實(shí)際上沒有發(fā)生）Can he be in the office now? No, he cant be there, for I saw him in the library just now.(語(yǔ)氣很強(qiáng)，常用于疑問句和否定句中)III. 情

15、態(tài)動(dòng)詞注意點(diǎn)：1. can和be able to: 都可以表示能力。但be able to可以表達(dá)“某事終于成功”，而can無法表達(dá)此意。Be able to有更多的時(shí)態(tài)。另外，兩者不能重疊使用。2. used to和would: used to表示過去常常做現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不再有的習(xí)慣，而would只表示過去的習(xí)慣或喜好，不涉及現(xiàn)在。 3. need和dare作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別：兩者作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)常用于否定句和疑問句。其形式為：neednt/darent do；Need/daredo?做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)可用于肯定句，否定句和疑問句。其形式為：need(needs/needed)/dare(dares

16、/dared) to do, dont(doesnt/didnt) need/dare to do八非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞I. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的分類、意義及構(gòu)成：IV. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：九定語(yǔ)從句I. 定語(yǔ)從句起了形容詞的作用，在句中修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞。被修飾的詞叫做先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，他的作用一是放在先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句中間起了連接作用，二是在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分，并與先行詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。III. as與which的區(qū)別：十名詞性從句十一。狀語(yǔ)從句十二。倒裝句十三。虛擬語(yǔ)氣十四。重要句型 奇速英語(yǔ)樂中學(xué)一直在為調(diào)動(dòng)你的學(xué)習(xí)積極性而努力1. It was not untilmidnight t

17、hathe finished his task.2. Not untilhe came back from abroad was Iable to see him again.3. The harderyou work,the greaterprogressyou will make.4. He walked around the house, gun in hand.5. May you bein good health!6. Wishyou a pleasant journey back home!7. The professor was a humorous man withbig no

18、se and deep-set eyes.8. What surprised me mostwas his imagination and patience.9. He lay on the grass, with his eyes looking at the sky and his hands under his head.10. Sitting under the treeare Mr. Green and his first teacher.11. On the wallhang two pictures of famous scientists.12. Looking back up

19、on those past years, he couldnt help feelingvery proud.13. No sooner(Hardly)had he arrived at the theatre than(when)the play started.14. Young as he is, he has learned advanced mathematics.15. How I regretthe hours wasted in the woods and fields!16. There standsa beautiful vase in the corner of the

20、room.17. Ten miles north of the townlies a paper factory.18. Theregoes the bell.19. Nowherehas the world ever seen such a bird as here.20. It is no usecrying for help.21. If onlyI had been your student in the middle school!22. It is believed thatsuch a thing will not happen again.23. Onlywhen he exp

21、lained did I realize the reason for this.24. “He works particularly hard.” “So he does, and so do you.”25. Not onlyAlice but alsoJane and Mary are tired of having one examination after another.26. Suchwas Albert Einstein, a simple person of great achievements.十五。動(dòng)詞搭配1.add to增加，增進(jìn)add to把加進(jìn)add up相加add

22、 up to總計(jì)，所有這一切說明2.break away from打破，脫離，掙脫，改掉break down出毛病，身體(精神)衰弱，分解，拆開break off暫停，中斷break in強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入，插話break into闖入break into pieces成為碎片break out爆發(fā)break up搗碎，驅(qū)散，瓦解，學(xué)期結(jié)束，拆散break through突破3.bring up撫養(yǎng)，嘔吐，提出bring about造成bring out拿出，出版bring in引入，引進(jìn)，掙錢bring back使回想起bring down使下降，使倒下4.call on號(hào)召，拜訪（某人）call a

23、t拜訪、參觀（某地）call for去叫某人, 要求, 需要call up使回憶起, 征召入伍call in召集，請(qǐng)某人來call out大喊，高叫call off取消，不舉行e about發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)come down下跌，落，降，傳下來come in進(jìn)來come into (sight/being/existence/use/notice/effect)come on來臨/ 快點(diǎn)come out出版，結(jié)果是come along一道來，趕快come to達(dá)到 (an end/an agreement/a stop)蘇醒，合計(jì)，總共是come over走過來come up發(fā)芽，走近c(diǎn)ome ac

24、ross偶然碰到come back回想起come from來自，源自6.cut across抄近路cut down砍倒，削減cut off切斷，割掉，斷絕關(guān)系cut up連根拔除，切碎through剪斷，鑿穿cut out刪（?。┑?，戒掉cut in插嘴7.die of (disease/hunger/grief/old age)死于（疾病，饑餓，寒冷，情感原因）die from死于（意外事故、情形）die away漸漸消逝die out絕種die down(爐火)漸熄die off逐一死去8.fall behind落后fall over ones feet 跌跤fall down掉下，跌倒f

25、all back撤退，后退9.go in for從事，喜愛，參加go through通過，經(jīng)受go over復(fù)習(xí)，檢查go up（價(jià)格）上漲，建造起來go after追捕，追趕go against違反go ahead先行，開始吧，問吧，說吧go away離開go by時(shí)間過去go down下沉，降低，（日、月）西沉go on(with)繼續(xù)進(jìn)行g(shù)o with相配，陪同go without沒有，缺少go out外出，熄滅go all out全力以赴go off爆炸，進(jìn)行，變壞，斷電，停止供應(yīng)go back on背約，食言go beyond超出10.get down下來，記下，使沮喪get dow

26、n to致力于，專心于get on進(jìn)展，進(jìn)步，穿上，上車get off脫下,下車get in收集，插（話）get away逃跑，逃脫，去休假get over忘記，越過，克服，從疾病中恢復(fù)get along with進(jìn)展，相處get up起床get through打通電話，完成，通過get round消息傳開get close to sth. 接近，幾乎get into (trouble)get to (know)get back取回，收回11.give away贈(zèng)送，泄露，出賣give out發(fā)出，疲勞，分發(fā)，公布give off發(fā)出（光、熱、氣體）give in (to sb.) 屈服giv

27、e up放棄，讓（座位）12.hand in交上，提交hand out分發(fā)hand down流傳，遺傳13.hang about閑逛hang up掛電話14.hold back阻止，隱瞞hold up舉起，使停頓hold on別掛電話，等，堅(jiān)持hold out持續(xù)，堅(jiān)持，伸出hold down控制，鎮(zhèn)壓15.keep up (courage, English, spirits)保持，keep up with跟上keep off (grass)不接近，離開keep away from避開，不接近，離遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)的keep out ofkeep to (rules, promise)堅(jiān)持，遵守keep o

28、n繼續(xù)，堅(jiān)持下來keep back阻止，留下，隱瞞，扣下keep from克制，阻止16.knock at/on敲knock into撞到某人身上knock down撞倒knock out of把敲出knock over撞倒knock off停止工作，休息17.leave for離開前往leave out刪去，遺漏leave behind遺留,忘記拿走leave to留給，遺囑贈(zèng)于leave over遺留，剩下，延期18.look up查找，向上看look through翻閱，瀏覽look on旁觀look onas看作look into調(diào)查look after/ at / for 照顧/看/

29、尋找look out(for)當(dāng)心look about / around/round四下查看look down upon瞧不起look back upon回憶，回顧look ab. up and down仔細(xì)打量某人look ab in the face/eyes直視某人19.make up編造，配制，打扮，組成make up for彌補(bǔ)make into / of / from 制成make out弄懂，發(fā)現(xiàn)，看出,填寫，開列（清單）make for走向，駛往，促使20.pass away去世pass by經(jīng)過pass down(on)to傳給pass through經(jīng)歷pass over漠

30、視，忽視21.pay back還錢，報(bào)復(fù)pay for付錢，為受到懲罰，因得到報(bào)應(yīng)pay off還清22.pick up拾起，獲得(information)，接人，站起，收聽，自然習(xí)得(language /knowledge)，恢復(fù)重獲(pick up health)pick out挑選，辨認(rèn)，看出1) I picked the information _ while waiting in the queue.2) My friend has arranged to pick me _ at 6:00.3) The patient has picked _ health during the

31、last two weeks.4) She picked _ the most expensive pair of shoes.5) I cant pick John _ in the crowd.6) Can I pick _ VOA with this short-wave radio?7) He fell down suddenly, but picked himself _ quickly.(up, up, up, out, out, up, up)pick cotton/flower/leaves/words選詞23.put up搭起，張貼，舉起，安裝，投宿，安排住下put up w

32、ith忍受put out伸出，撲滅put off推遲put into放進(jìn)，翻譯put away放好，存錢put down記下，平息put on穿戴，上映，增加(put on weight/speed)put forward 提出，提前put through 接通電話put aside放到一邊put back放回1) He put _ half his wage every week.2) The government soon put _ the revolt（暴亂）.3) Put your watch _. Its slow.4) He put _ his hand for me to sh

33、ake.5). Please put me _ to Extension（分機(jī)）2.6) We put _ for night at the village inn.7) He is very proud, and he often put _ airs.（擺架子）8) We had a telephone put _ in our office.9) I cant put _ with your laziness.(away, down, forward, out, through, up, on, up, up)24.pull down拆掉，推翻pull on匆匆穿上 / off 脫pul

34、l in進(jìn)站pull out取出,(火車)離站pull down往下拉,拆毀pull over駛到一邊pull through恢復(fù)健康,渡過難關(guān),脫離險(xiǎn)境pull up（使）停住1) The train slowly pulled _ and disappeared in the distance.2) All the old houses here have now been pulled _, and new ones are to be built.3) The car pulled _ when I blew the horn.4) The doctor thinks the man

35、will pull _.5) The driver pulled _ at the traffic lights.(out, down, over, through, up)25.push over推倒，刮倒push ahead(on, forward)繼續(xù)前進(jìn)，堅(jiān)持下去push through排除困難辦好謀事，努力設(shè)法通過，擠過1) Weve decided to push _ with our plan to build a new road2) Many trees were pushed _ in the hurricane.3) They were determined to pus

36、h the new rules _ at any cost.4) Take care not to push the baby _.5) They pushed _ the crowd and at last reached us.(on, over, through, over, through )26.run across偶然碰到run after追逐，追捕run away逃跑run for競(jìng)選run into偶然碰到（困難）遇見（人），相撞run out of用完1) If you drive so fast, youll run _ someone some day.2) I ran

37、_ a friend of mine in the exhibition.3) Our water has run _. Can you fill up some more bottles?4) Why do you always run _ adventure?5) He didnt want to run _ president that year.6) In that way you will only run _ difficulties.(答案詳見奇速英語(yǔ)微信公眾號(hào)qisuen)27.see off送行see through看透，識(shí)破see to照料，照管28.send for派人去

38、請(qǐng)send off送行send out發(fā)出（光亮）等send up發(fā)射29.set up建立set off出發(fā)，觸發(fā)，引起set out動(dòng)身，著手(to do)，陳述set about開始著手(doing)set to work(n.)開始做set back撥回，使推遲1) I shall set my watch _ by five minutes.2) We set _ reading the text aloud immediately the bell rang.3) We set _ at daybreak yesterday and weve been travelling eve

39、r since then.4) I set _ to advise him not to drink.5) What were the reasons he set _ in his report?6) The president set _ a special group of soldiers to guard him.7) The unpopular law set _ a series of protests.（抗議）(答案詳見奇速英語(yǔ)微信公眾號(hào)qisuen)30.take off脫掉，起飛take on呈現(xiàn) 雇傭take away拿走take in吸收，領(lǐng)會(huì)take up從事，占用（時(shí)間空間）take down記錄，取下take back收回take for誤認(rèn)為take along隨身帶take over接管take out 把.帶出去，取出，拿出take charge of負(fù)責(zé)take sth. for granted想當(dāng)然take hold of抓住take pride in以 為自豪take the place of, 代替take turns to do輪流做take office就職1) I take _ all I said about his dishonesty.2) He went to the shelf and took