2022年浙江水利水電學(xué)院自考英語（二）練習(xí)題匯總（附答案解析）

1、 2022年浙江水利水電學(xué)院自考英語（二）練習(xí)題匯總（附答案解析）第1題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】The other side of a state legal apparatus is a state military apparatus. While the one protects the individual from violence, the other sacrifices the individual to violence in the interests of the state. In war the state affirms supreme power over the

2、individuals within its own borders. War is not simply a trial by combat to settle disputes between states; it is the moment when the state makes its most powerful demands upon its people for their commitment, allegiance, and supreme sacrifice. The word “allegiance is closest in meaning to _. A、loyal

3、ty B、objective C、survival D、motive【正確答案】A【答案解析】解本題可用同類詞關(guān)系進(jìn)行判斷。在“allegiance”前后的兩個(gè)詞分別是commitment和 sacrifice，應(yīng)能判斷出這三個(gè)詞相對(duì)于國(guó)家而言是同一類詞，再利用排除法，不難選出正確答案A。第2題【單選題】【概括大意】The key to gardening with kids, says Patti Kraemer-Doell, family garden coordinator at the New York Botanical Gardens, is “Letting them exper

4、ience it themselves. We have tried to guide them, but not tell them to put the sunflowers here and the tomatoes there. The emphasis is on developing their imagination and their appreciation for being out in the garden.”The main idea of this paragraph is_. A、Different Kinds of Gardens. B、Kinds of Pla

5、nts in s Home Garden C、The Most Important Point in Family Gardening D、How to plan sunflowers and tomatoes【正確答案】C【答案解析】本段指出家庭園藝的主旨是讓孩子去體驗(yàn)，培養(yǎng)他們的想象力和鑒賞力。所以答案為C。第3題【單選題】【概括大意】Heavy metals are persistent; they do not break down to other chemicals in the environment. Industrially polluted sites usually un

6、dergo intensive clean-up and rehabilitation because heavy metals are a health concern once they enter the food chain. Some trace metals are alleged to cause cancer and are also known to cause poisoning. The main idea of this paragraph is_. A、The Nature of Heavy Metals B、Potential Hazards of Human Co

7、ntaminated Soils C、Heavy Metals and Food Chain D、Research on Channels of Heavy Metals Getting into Human Food Chain【正確答案】B【答案解析】本段文字講的是：受到工業(yè)污染的土壤含有重金屬，而重金屬很穩(wěn)定不容易降解，其中的某些微量重金屬能使人致癌或中毒?？梢钥闯銎渲行膬?nèi)容是：受污染土地的潛在危險(xiǎn)，選擇B。第4題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】There are many other foods that have traveled from South America to the Old W

8、orld. But some others went in the opposite direction. Brazil is now the worlds largest grower of coffee, and coffee is an important crop in Colombia and other South American countries. But it is native to Ethiopia, a country in Africa. It was first made into a drink by Arabs during the 1400s.Which c

9、ountry is the largest coffee producer? A、Brazil. B、Colombia. C、Ethiopia. D、Egypt.【正確答案】A【答案解析】答題依據(jù)在本段的第三句。Producer 與 grower 意思等同。第5題【單選題】【概括大意】Two major findings have emerged from these researches. Firstly, the greater part of the development of observed intelligence occurs in the earliest years of

10、life. It is estimated that 50 percent of measurable intelligence at age 17 is already predictable by the age of four. Secondly, he most important factors in the environment are language and psychological aspects of the parent-child relationship. Much of the difference in measured intelligence betwee

11、n privileged and disadvantaged children may be due to the latters lack of appropriate verbal stimulation and the poverty of their perceptual experiences.The main idea of this paragraph is _. A、Two Major Changed View of Intelligence B、Many of the differences in measured intelligence C、Main Results of

12、 Recent Researches D、Impact on School Education【正確答案】C【答案解析】本段文字的第一句話就把其內(nèi)容點(diǎn)的很清楚，要介紹的是：Two major findings have emerged from these researches.而選項(xiàng)C中的Main Results只不過是major findings的另一種說法而已。第6題【單選題】【完成句子】The average lightning strike is more than 3 miles long and can travel at a tenth of the speed of ligh

13、t. Ball lightning, the rarest and most mysterious form, derives its name from the small luminous ball that appears near the impact point, moves horizontally, and lasts for several seconds.One form of lightning that _ is ball lightning. A、occurs most infrequently B、is shifted sideways by strong winds

14、 C、is often hidden from our view D、is estimated at 20 millions a year【正確答案】A【答案解析】本段文字與題目相關(guān)的句子是：Ball lightning, the rarest and most mysterious form, derives its name from the small luminous ball，關(guān)鍵詞是rarest（rare的最高級(jí)形式）與infrequently“很少發(fā)生，少有”表達(dá)相同的意思。第7題【單選題】It has been found that a strong _ help overco

15、me the effects of distraction. A、interruption B、motivation C、evaluation D、destination【正確答案】B【答案解析】【譯文】人們發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)很強(qiáng)的動(dòng)機(jī)可以幫助克服干擾物的影響?！驹囶}分析】本題考查名詞辨析?！驹敿?xì)解答】 A 打擾、中斷 B 動(dòng)機(jī)、誘因 C 評(píng)估、評(píng)價(jià) D 目的地、終點(diǎn)第8題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】Physiologically, we are rhythmical. We must eat, sleep, breathe, and play regularly to maintain good healt

16、h. Emotionally we are rhythmical, too, for psychologists say that all of us feel alternate periods of relative depression and exhilaration. Intellectually we are also rhythmical, for we must have periods of relaxation following periods of concentration. It naturally follows then that rhythm, a funda

17、mental aspect of our lives, must be a part of any good literary workwhether poetry or prose.According to the passage, which of the following pairs of activities best illustrates intellectual rhythm? A、Studying a science book and then studying a psychology book B、Learning a poem and then taking a nap

18、 C、Playing ball at the beach and then going swimming D、Solving a math problem and then solving a chemistry problem【正確答案】B【答案解析】段落的結(jié)尾處講到：在腦力活動(dòng)方面，我們也同樣是有節(jié)奏的，因?yàn)槲覀冊(cè)诟叨燃芯σ欢螘r(shí)間以后，必須讓腦子有一個(gè)松弛的階段(“we must have periods of relaxation following periods of concentration”)。根據(jù)這個(gè)信息，A、D項(xiàng)內(nèi)容都是高度集中的腦力活動(dòng)，與原文內(nèi)容恰好相反；B項(xiàng)內(nèi)容是

19、學(xué)習(xí)詩(shī)歌與小睡一會(huì)，正好符合原文，一張一弛。而C項(xiàng)內(nèi)容又全是不費(fèi)腦力的活動(dòng)，也不符合原文。第9題【單選題】【完成句子】Sagan was noted for the vigour of his logic style, especially when criticizing some piece of pseudoscience（偽科學(xué)）. I remembered a 1973 AAAS meeting at which he destroyed the theories of Immanuel Velikovsky, who was maintaining that only a few

20、thousands of years ago, Venus had repeatedly collided with Earth and Mars; events well noted. Velikovsky said, in the bible.In Sagans opinion, Velikovsky might be_. A、a member of the National Academy of Science B、a pseudo-scientist C、a science populariser D、a reporter【正確答案】B【答案解析】從這段文字中，我們可以了解到作者認(rèn)為，

21、Sagan與偽科學(xué)作斗爭(zhēng)的一個(gè)實(shí)例就是Sagan摧毀了Velikovsky的錯(cuò)誤論述，即Velikovsky提出，在過去幾千年中，水星與地球和火星反復(fù)多次相撞，這在圣經(jīng)中有加載。第10題【單選題】【概括大意】Our bodies are estimated to be about 60 to 70% water. Blood is mostly water, and our muscles, lungs, and brain all contain a lot of water. Water is needed to regulate body temperature and to provi

22、de the means for nutrients （滋養(yǎng)） to travel to all our organs. Water also transports oxygen to our cells, removes waste, and protects our joints and organs.The main idea of this paragraph is_. A、Ounces of Water Needed Per Day B、Importance of Water C、Water in Our Body D、The Function of Water【正確答案】B【答案解

23、析】通過介紹水在我們身體里的含量、水存在身體的那些部位及水的一些功能來證明水的重要性。因此選擇B。第11題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】The world is not only hungry; it is also thirsty for water. This may seem strange to you, since nearly 75% of the earths surface is covered with water. But about 97% of this huge amount is sea-water, or salt water. Man can only drink an

24、d use the other 3%the fresh water that comes from rivers, lakes, underground, and other sources. And we cannot even use all of that, because some of it is in the form of icebergs（冰山）and glaciers（冰川）. Even worse, some of it has been polluted.What percentage of the earths water can man actually use at

25、 present? A、Nearly 75 per cent. B、About 97 per cent. C、Exactly 3 per cent. D、Less than 3 percent.【正確答案】D【答案解析】根據(jù)本段得知，地球上只有3的水適于人類飲用，然而部分以冰山或冰川的形式存在，還有的被污染，因而實(shí)際上人類能用的水要低于3。第12題【單選題】【2009.04】If payment is not received, legal action will be our only_. A、aggression B、advantage C、alternative D、ambition【正

26、確答案】C【答案解析】本題考查詞義選擇。譯文：如果我們收不到付款，那就只好訴諸法律了。A 挑釁、侵犯；B 優(yōu)勢(shì)、優(yōu)點(diǎn)；C 選擇、取舍；D 野心、抱負(fù)。第13題【單選題】【2007.04】The volleyball match was televised _ on CCTV. A、alive B、life C、live D、lively【正確答案】C【答案解析】本題考查live的形似詞辨析。live可以作副詞，意思是：實(shí)況轉(zhuǎn)播地。符合句意。 第14題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】Climate scientists are not present everywhere. Because there a

27、re so many places in the world and not enough scientists to observe all of them, theyre asking for your help in observing signs of climate change across the world. The citizen scientist movement encourages ordinary people to observe a very specific research interest birds, trees, flowers budding, et

28、c, and send their observations to a giant database to be observed by professional scientists. This helps a small number of scientists track a large amount of data that they would never be able to gather on their own. Much like citizen journalists helping large publications cover a hyper-local beat,

29、citizen scientists are ready for the conditions where they live. All thats needed to become one is a few minutes each day or each week to gather data and send it in.In “All thats needed to become one. (paragraph 2) ”, what does the word “one” stands for ? A、a citizen journalist B、a citizen scientist

30、 C、a scientist D、a citizen【正確答案】B【答案解析】one 不僅是數(shù)詞也是代詞；代詞指代的名詞或句子一般出現(xiàn)在代詞的前一句，要注意區(qū)分代詞單、復(fù)數(shù)。第15題【單選題】【填句補(bǔ)文】All children in the United States have to receive an education, but the law does not say they have to be educated at school. A number of parents prefer not to send their children to school. _. There

31、 are about 300,000 home-schoolers in the United States today. A、Critics also say that most parents are not well qualified to teach their children. B、In some countries, however, children are educated by their parents. C、Learning starts with the childrens interests and questions. D、Children who are ed

32、ucated at home are known as home-schoolers.【正確答案】D【答案解析】后文出現(xiàn)了home-schoolers，根據(jù)選項(xiàng)，這里應(yīng)該是對(duì)這個(gè)詞的定義，因此選D。第16題【單選題】【概括大意】Two major findings have emerged from these researches. Firstly, the greater part of the development of observed intelligence occurs in the earliest years of life. It is estimated that 50

33、 percent of measurable intelligence at age 17 is already predictable by the age of four. Secondly, he most important factors in the environment are language and psychological aspects of the parent-child relationship. Much of the difference in measured intelligence between privileged and disadvantage

34、d children may be due to the latters lack of appropriate verbal stimulation and the poverty of their perceptual experiences.The main idea of this paragraph is _. A、Two Major Changed View of Intelligence B、Many of the differences in measured intelligence C、Main Results of Recent Researches D、Impact o

35、n School Education【正確答案】C【答案解析】本段文字的第一句話就把其內(nèi)容點(diǎn)的很清楚，要介紹的是：Two major findings have emerged from these researches.而選項(xiàng)C中的Main Results只不過是major findings的另一種說法而已。第17題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】The United States perceives itself to be a middle-class nation. However, middle class is not a real designation, nor does it carr

36、y privileges. It is more of a perception, which probably was as true as it ever could be right after World War II. The economy was growing, more and more people owned their own homes, workers had solid contracts with the companies that employed them, and nearly everyone who wanted a higher education

37、 could have one. The information in this passage deals with_. A、an individual B、a social and economic group C、a political organization D、Government【正確答案】B【答案解析】答案選B。通過閱讀本段，middle class中產(chǎn)階級(jí)是一個(gè)群體，選答案B。第18題【單選題】【2010.04】We should _ this in mind: Dont judge a person by his appearance. A、bear B、put C、pla

38、ce D、print【正確答案】A【答案解析】本題考查詞匯題?！咀g文】 我們應(yīng)當(dāng)牢牢記住：不要以貌取人。詳細(xì)解答】牢記在心：bear in mind 或者keep in mind第19題【單選題】【2008.10】It is strongly held that new _ must be introduced to protect the right of the immigrants. A、statistics B、constructions C、measures D、concessions【正確答案】C【答案解析】本題考查名詞詞義區(qū)分。【譯文】強(qiáng)烈支持采取新措施維護(hù)移民的權(quán)力。【詳細(xì)解答

39、】A 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué) B 建設(shè) C 措施，辦法 D 讓步，特許權(quán)第20題【單選題】【2007.04】The book fair has received a positive _ from readers. A、result B、response C、settlement D、solution【正確答案】B【答案解析】本題考查詞義辨析。response：反映，反響。result：結(jié)果，后果。settlement：殖民，移民，定居。solution：解決；解答。根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)該選response。a positive response：良好的反映。 第21題【單選題】【完成句子】As the sunflo

40、wers grow, put a hay fence around them for protection and stake if necessary. Plant morning glories or sweet peas around the base of each sunflower, and they will grow up the stems, eventually forming a roof over the top. By summers end, kids will have a sunflower house to play in.When autumn comes,

41、 children can_. A、seed lots of sunflowers B、play games in the sunflower house C、include plants with animal names D、find their own playing section【正確答案】B【答案解析】段落最后一句是答案的出處，By summers end“夏天結(jié)束的時(shí)候”實(shí)際上就是When autumn comes“秋天來臨的時(shí)候”。答案選擇B。第22題【單選題】_, could you get me a Turkish conversation book? A、In this

42、way B、By the way C、In no way D、In any way【正確答案】B【答案解析】本題考查固定搭配。in this way 以這種方法by the way 順便說in no way 決不，無論如何都不in any way 無論如何第23題【單選題】【2009.10】_ he has many friends, he is often feeling lonely. A、As B、When C、While D、Since【正確答案】C【答案解析】本題考查狀語從句的從屬連詞?！咀g文】 盡管（雖然）他有許多朋友，但他常常感到孤獨(dú)。第24題【單選題】【完成句子】Certain

43、ly there are millions who need to lose weight. But there are also millions who only imagine they need to. Compulsive and continuous dieting, not to mention eating disorders, shows that some of us will do anything to reduce our bodies down to the currently desirable shape. But is being underweight re

44、ally desirable?A great many people go on a diet to_. A、keep fit B、have a body shape that all people will admire C、prolong life span D、get ride of digestive system diseases【正確答案】B【答案解析】本段文字指出，很多人為了達(dá)到當(dāng)前流行的體型（reduce our bodies down to the currently desirable shape）而不惜通過節(jié)食等方法減肥。因此選擇B。第25題【單選題】【2009.01】W

45、henever I go out to dinner with him, I always_paying the bill. A、end up B、arrive at C、drop out D、give off【正確答案】A【答案解析】句意：每當(dāng)我與他外出吃飯，最后總是我付賬?？疾槎陶Z意義區(qū)分。 A 以而告終；B 達(dá)到，取得；C 不參加，隱退；D 散發(fā)。 第26題【單選題】【2009.7】The house was quiet in the night, _ the occasional coughing from my throat. A、as for B、such as C、instead

46、 of D、except for【正確答案】D【答案解析】本題考查短語意義區(qū)分。譯文：除了偶爾我咳嗽一下以外，這所房子在夜晚非常安靜。A 至于，關(guān)于； B 例如；C 代替，而不是；D 除了以外第27題【單選題】The book fair has received a positive _ from readers. A、result B、response C、settlement D、solution【正確答案】B【答案解析】題目意思：書市受到讀者的積極的反響。本題是詞義選擇題。A 結(jié)果，效果 B 反應(yīng)，回答 C 解決，協(xié)議 D 解決，解答 第28題【單選題】【2009.04】This is

47、the first time that a woman has been_ to the post. A、granted B、praised C、pointed D、appointed【正確答案】D【答案解析】譯文：這是第一次任命一位婦女擔(dān)任此職位。試題分析：本題考查詞義辨析。詳細(xì)解答：A 允許、同意；B 表?yè)P(yáng)、贊揚(yáng)；C 指、指出；D 指定、任命、委任。第29題【單選題】【填句補(bǔ)文】Its now socially acceptable, even fashionable, to live alone. As people get better jobs and become financia

48、lly independent, it becomes possible for them to maintain a one-person household. _. However, people who do get married are marrying at a later age and divorcing more often. A、Theres more pressure to get married nowadays. B、The growing number of women with good jobs has done much to increase the num

49、ber of people living alone. C、It seems that many grown-ups today are realizing that childhood dream. D、More and more Americans are living alone.【正確答案】B【答案解析】前句中提到“經(jīng)濟(jì)獨(dú)立”有可能造成保持一個(gè)人的家庭生活，B中的“婦女有好的工作，增加了獨(dú)身的人數(shù)”與前句內(nèi)容正好呼應(yīng)。第30題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】But even if every large city purified and reused its water, we still w

50、ould not have enough. Where could we turn next? To the oceans! All wed have to do to make use of the vast amount of sea-water is remove the salt. This salt-removing process is already in use in many parts of the world.According to the passage, sea-water can be turned into fresh water by_ A、heating i

51、t up. B、treating it with chemicals. C、taking salt out of it. D、drying it up.【正確答案】C【答案解析】海水之所以不能飲用就是因?yàn)樗窍痰?。答題依據(jù)是本段的remove the salt即take salt out。第31題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】People suspected that “Lucky”, as he was called by friends, wanted to kill his wife he no longer lived with. They say that Lucan entered his

52、 old house and in the dark, killed the nanny by mistake. His estranged wife heard noises, came downstairs and was also attacked, but managed to escape. Seven months after the murder, a jury concluded that Lucan had killed the nanny.It is thought that Lucan killed the nanny because_. A、she was lookin

53、g after the children B、she was a friend of Lucans C、it was dark and he thought she was Lady Lucan D、Loard Lucan thought the nanny stole his car【正確答案】C【答案解析】答案選C。因果關(guān)系題。對(duì)照本段People suspected that“Lucky”，as he was called by friends, wanted to kill his wife he no longer lived with. They say that Lucan en

54、tered his old house and in the dark，killed the nanny by mistake.本來是要?dú)⑺钠拮?，可是因?yàn)樘焯?，所以錯(cuò)殺了保姆。答案選C。第32題【單選題】【2010.04】We should _ this in mind: Dont judge a person by his appearance. A、bear B、put C、place D、print【正確答案】A【答案解析】本題考查詞匯題?！咀g文】 我們應(yīng)當(dāng)牢牢記?。翰灰悦踩∪?。詳細(xì)解答】牢記在心：bear in mind 或者keep in mind第33題【單選題】【閱讀判斷】

55、Hercules served a king. The king was afraid of him. So again and again he sent him on difficult tasks. One morning the king sent for him and told him to fetch three golden apples for him from the garden of the Singing Maidens (歌女). But no one knew where the garden was.Q: Hercules was given many diff

56、icult tasks because the king wanted to get rid of him. A、True B、False C、Not Given【正確答案】A【答案解析】答案選A。句子的意思是：國(guó)王想除掉Hercules，所以交給他很多艱巨的工作去做。這個(gè)信息在短文第二句和第三句中提到了，與短文的意思相符(國(guó)王很害怕Hercules，多次交給他艱巨的工作去做)，由此可以推斷本題的正確選項(xiàng)為A。第34題【單選題】【閱讀判斷】The tornado caused a lot of damage to cars and houses in the area. It will tak

57、e a long time and much money to repair everything. There was also serious water damage from the thunderstorms. The heavy rains and high wind caused the power to go out in many homes.Q: Power supply system was not damaged during the storm. A、True B、False C、Not Given【正確答案】B【答案解析】答案選B。本題可譯為：暴風(fēng)雨中供電系統(tǒng)沒遭到

58、破壞。最后一句說大風(fēng)和暴雨使一些家庭的供電出現(xiàn)了問題，與題項(xiàng)矛盾，故選B。第35題【單選題】【閱讀判斷】One problem with this design is that the mouse gets dirty as the ball rolls over the surface and picks up dirt. Eventually you have to clean your mouse.Q: When an ordinary computer mouse gets dirty, it has to be replaced with a new one. A、True B、Fa

59、lse C、Not Given【正確答案】B【答案解析】答案選B。題中說鼠標(biāo)臟了，就得換用新的。這一說法與原文不符。原文說的是鼠標(biāo)臟了，可以擦干凈再用。it has to be replaced with a new one 與 you have to clean your mouse 不符。所以選B。第36題【單選題】【2008.04】To understand the sentence, you should analyze its parts _. A、functionally B、widely C、largely D、remarkably【正確答案】A【答案解析】本題考查副詞詞義區(qū)分。

60、為了理解這個(gè)句子，你應(yīng)該分析句子各個(gè)部分的功能。A. 有用途地、有功能地； B. 寬廣地； C. 大大地； D. 突出地。第37題【單選題】【2009.10】The profit-sharing plan is designed to _ the staff to work hard. A、calculate B、demonstrate C、speculate D、motivate【正確答案】D【答案解析】本題考查詞語辨析?！咀g文】利潤(rùn)共享計(jì)劃目的是激發(fā)員工努力工作。A 計(jì)算、估算 B 證實(shí)、論證、演示 C思索、推測(cè) D 激勵(lì)、激發(fā)第38題【單選題】As activity carried _