計算機專業(yè)中英文翻譯外文翻譯文獻翻譯

1、英文參考文獻及翻譯Linux - Operating system of cybertimesThough for a lot of people , regard Linux as the main operating system to make up huge work station group, finish special effects of Titanic make , already can be regarded as and show talent fully. But for Linux, this only numerous news one of. Recently

2、, the manufacturers concerned have announced that support the news of Linux to increase day by day, users enthusiasm to Linux runs high unprecedentedly too. Then, Linux only have operating system not free more than on earth on 7 year this piece what glamour, get the favors of such numerous important

3、 software and hardware manufacturers as the masses of users and Orac le , Informix , HP , Sybase , Corel , Intel , Netscape , Dell ,etc. , OK?I.The background of Linux and characteristicLinux is a kind of free (Free ) software : What is called free, mean users can obtain the procedure and source cod

4、e freely , and can use them freely , including revise or copy etc. It is a result of cybertimes, numerous technical staff finish its research and development together through Inte rnet, countless user is it test and except fault , can add user expansion function that oneself make conveniently to par

5、ticipate in. As the most outstanding one in free software, Linux has characteristic of the following:(1)Totally follow POSLX standard, expand the network operating system of supporting all AT&T and BSD Unix characteristic. Because of inheritting Unix outstanding design philosophy , and there are cle

6、an , stalwart , high-efficient and steady kernels, their all key codes are finished by Li nus Torvalds and other outstanding programmers, without any Unix code of AT&T or Berkeley, so Linu x is not Unix, but Linux and Unix are totally compatible.(2)Real many tasks, multi-users system, the built-in n

7、etwork supports, can be with such seamless links as NetWare , Windows NT , OS/2 , Unix ,etc. Network in various kinds of Unix it tests to be fastest in comparing and assessefficiency. Support such many kinds of files systems as FAT16 , FAT32 , NTFS , Ex t2FS , ISO9600 ,etc. at the same time .Can ope

8、rate it in many kinds of hardwares platform , including such processors as Alpha , SunSparc , PowerPC , MIPS ,etc., to various kinds of new-type peripheral hardwares, can from distribute on global numerous programmer there getting support rapidly too.To that the hardware requires lower, can obtain v

9、ery good performance on more low-grade machine , what deserves particular mention is Linux outstanding stability , permitted year count often its running times.Main application of Linux At present,Now, the application of Linux mainly includes:Internet/Intranet: This is one that Linux was used most a

10、t present, it can offer and include Web server , all such Inter net services as Ftp server , Gopher server , SMTP/POP3 mail server , Proxy/Cache server , DNS server ,etc. Linux kernel supports IPalias , PPP and IPtunneling, these functions can be used for setting up fictitious host computer , fictit

11、ious service , VPN (fictitious special-purpose network ) ,etc. Operating Apache Web server on Linux mainly, the occupation rate of market in 1998 is 49%, far exceeds the sum of such several big companies as Microsoft , Netscape ,etc.BecauseLinux has outstanding networking ability , it can be usedin

12、calculating distributedly large-scaly, for instance cartoon making , scientific caculation , database and file server ,etc.As realization that is can under low platform fullness of Unix that operate , apply at all levels teaching and research work of universities and colleges extensively, if Mexico

13、government announce middle and primary schools in the whole country dispose Linux and offer Internet service for student already.Tabletop and handling official business appliedly. Application number of people of in this respect at present not so good as Windows of Microsoft far also, reason its lie

14、in Lin ux quantity , desk-top of application software not so good as Windows application far not merely, because the characteristic of the freedom software makes it not almost have advertisement that support (though the function of Star Office is not second to MS Office at the same time, but there a

15、re actually few people knowing).Can Linux become a kind of major operating system?In the face of the pressure of coming from users that is strengthened day by day, more and more commercial companies transplant its application to Linux platform, comparatively important incident was as follows, in 199

16、8 Compaq and HP determine to put forward user of requirement truss up Linux at their servers , IBM and Dell promise to offer customized Linux system to user too. Lotus announce, Notes the next edition include one special-purpose edition in Linux. Corel Company transplants its famous WordPerfect to o

17、n Linux, and free issue. Corel also plans to move the other figure pattern process products to Linux platform completely.Main database producer: Sybase ,Informix , Oracle , CA , IBM have already been transplanted ones own database productsto on Linux, or has finished Beta edition, among them Oracle

18、and Informix also offer technical support to their products.The gratifying one is, some farsighted domestic corporations haveegun to try hard to change this kind of current situation already. Stone Co. not long ago is it invest a huge sum of money to claim , regard Linux as platform develop a Intern

19、et/Intranet solution, regard this as the core and launch Stones system integration business , plan to set up nationwide Linux technical support organization at the same time , take the lead to promote the freedom software application and development in China. In addition domestic computer Company ,

20、person who win of China , devoted to Linux relevant software and hardware application of system popularize too. Is it to intensification that Linux know , will have more and more enterprises accede to the ranks that Linux will be used with domestic every enterprise to believe, more software will be

21、planted in Linux platform. Meanwhile, the domestic university should regard Linux as the original version and upgrade already existing Unix content of courses , start with analysing the source code and revising the kernel and train a large number of senior Linux talents, improve our countrys own ope

22、rating system. Having only really grasped the operating system, the software industry of our country could be got rid of and aped sedulously at present, the passive state led by the nose by others, create conditions for revitalizing the software industry of our country fundamentally.中文翻譯Linux 一網(wǎng)絡時代的

23、操作系統(tǒng)雖然對許多人來說，以Linux作為主要的操作系統(tǒng)組成龐大的工作站群，完 成了泰坦尼克號的特技制作，已經(jīng)算是出盡了風頭。但是對 Linux來說， 這只是眾多新聞 中的一個。最近，有關各廠商宣布支持Linux的新聞日趨增多， 用戶對Linux的熱情也空前高 漲。那么，Linux這個只有7年多的免費操作系 統(tǒng)到底有什么魅力，能夠獲得廣大用戶及 Orac le Informix、HR Sybase、Corel、 Intel、網(wǎng)景、Dell等眾多重要軟硬件廠商的青睞呢？Linux 的背景和特色Linux是一種“自由(Free)軟件：所謂自由，是指用戶可以自由地獲取程 序及其源代碼， 并能自由地使

24、用他們，包括修改或拷貝等。它是網(wǎng)絡時代的產(chǎn) 物，眾多的技術人員通過Inte rnet共同完成它的研究和開發(fā)，無數(shù)用戶參與了 測試和除錯，并可方便地加上用戶自己編制的擴充功能。作為自由軟件中最為出色的一個，Linux具有如下的特點：(1)完全遵循POSL淅準，并擴展支持所有AT&俐BSDUnix特性的網(wǎng)絡操 作系統(tǒng)。由于繼承 了 Unix優(yōu)秀的設計思想，且擁有干凈、健壯、高效且穩(wěn)定的 內(nèi)核，其所有核心代碼都是由Li nus Torvalds以及其他優(yōu)秀的程序員們完成，沒有AT&似伯克利的任何Unix代碼，所以Linu x不是Unix ,但Linux與Unix 完全兼容。(2)真正的多任務、多用戶

25、系統(tǒng)，內(nèi)置網(wǎng)絡支持，能與NetWare WindowsNT OS/2、Unix等無縫連接。網(wǎng)絡效能在各種Unix測試評比中速度最快。同時支持 FAT16 FAT32 NTFS Ex t2FS、ISO9600等多種文件系統(tǒng)。(3)可運行于多種硬件平臺，包括 Alpha、SunSparc、PowerPC MIPS等處 理器，對各種新型 外圍硬件，也可以從分布于全球的眾多程序員那里得到迅速 地支持。(4)對硬件要求較低,可在較低檔的機器上獲得很好的性能,特別值得一提的是Linux出色的穩(wěn)定性，其運行時間往往可以“年”計。Linux的主要應用領域目前，Linux的應用主要包括：Internet/Int

26、ranet :這是目前Linux用得最多的一項，它可提供包括 WebK務器、Ftp服務器、Gopher服務器、SMTP/POP郵件服務器、Proxy/Cache 服務器、DNS服務器等全部Inter net 服務。Linux內(nèi)核支持IPalias、PPP和 IPtunneling,這些功能可用于建立虛擬主機、虛擬服務、VPN墟擬專用網(wǎng))等。主要運行于Linux之上的Apache Wet務器,1998年的市場占有 率為49% 遠 遠超過微軟、網(wǎng)景等幾家大公司之和。(2)由于Linux擁有出色的聯(lián)網(wǎng)能力，因此它可用于大型分布式計算，如動 畫制作、科學計算、數(shù)據(jù)庫及文件服務器等。(3)作為可在低平臺下運行的Unix的完整(且免費)的實現(xiàn)，廣泛應用于各 級院校的教學和科研工作，如墨西哥政府已經(jīng)宣布在全國的所有中小學配置 Linux并為學生提供Internet服務。(4)桌面和辦公應用。目前這方面的應用人數(shù)還遠不如微軟的Windows其原因不僅在于Lin ux桌面應用軟件的數(shù)量遠不如 Windows應用，同時也因為自 由軟件的特性使得其幾乎沒有廣告支持(雖然Star Office的功能并不亞于MSOffice，但知道的人并不多)o如今，通?？梢酝ㄟ^兩個途徑獲得 Linux的發(fā)行版：直接從Internet下 載，例如RedHa