機(jī)電專業(yè)英語(yǔ)Unit-23-Virtual-Manufacturing課件

1、Unit 23 Virtual ManufacturingContentsNew Words & Expressions Text & TranslationComplex Sentence AnalysisKey to ExercisesNew Words & Expressions virtual manufacturing 虛擬制造synthetic sinetik adj. 人造的，綜合的，假想的be described as 被說(shuō)成是，被稱作simulated simjuleitid adj. 仿造的，模仿的virtual reality 虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)iteratively itrtiv

2、li adv. 反(重) 復(fù)，迭代concurrently knkrntli adv. 同時(shí)，兼，并行地New Words & Expressions carry out 完成；落實(shí)；貫徹；實(shí)現(xiàn)；執(zhí)行conceive knsiv v. 構(gòu)想出, 想像, 設(shè)想virtual enterprise 虛擬企業(yè)multi-disciplinary adj. (有關(guān))多種學(xué)科的configure knfig v. 使成形，使具形體，裝配，配置encompass inkmps v. 圍繞, 包圍implement implimnt n. 工具, 器具, 用具prototype pruttaip n. 原型

3、; 標(biāo)準(zhǔn); 模范New Words & Expressions collision klin n. 碰撞，沖突，抵觸ergonomic gnmik adj. 人類工程(學(xué))的，人機(jī)學(xué)的in the form of 以的形式infrastructure infrstrkt n. 基礎(chǔ)(結(jié)構(gòu))，基本設(shè)施optimization ptimaizein n. 最佳化，最優(yōu)化bulldozer bulduz n. 推土機(jī)Text & Translation1.What is Virtual Manufacturing 1Virtual manufacturing (VM) is an integrate

4、d, synthetic manufacturing environment exercised to enhance all levels of decision and control in a manufacturing enterprise. VM can be described as a simulated model of the actual manufacturing setup which may or may not exist. It has all the information related to the process, the process control,

5、 management and product specifications.It is also possible to have part of the manufacturing plant be real and the other part virtual. Virtual manufacturing is the use of computer models and simulations of manufacturing process to aid in design and production of manufactured products. Text & Transla

6、tionLawrence Associate 1996, has identified three different types of Virtual Manufacturing paradigms that use Virtual Reality (VR) technology to provide the integrated environment. (1) 2Design-centered VM：provide designers with the tools to design products that meet design criteria such as design fo

7、r X.(2) Production-centered VM: provide the methodsto develop and analyze alternative production and process plans.(3) 3Control-centered VM：allow the evaluation of product design, production plans, and control strategy and a means to iteratively improve all of them through the simulation of the cont

8、rol process. Text & Translation2. What is the Significance of VM VM aims at providing an integrated environment for a number of isolated manufacturing technologies such as CAD, CAM, and CAPP, thus allowing multiple users to concurrently carry out all or some of these functions without the need for b

9、eing physically close to each other. For example, a process planning engineer and a manufacturing engineer can evaluate and provide feedback to a product designer, who may be in another state or country. The design can be finally conceived by this means.Text & TranslationAnother important contributi

10、on of VM is Virtual Enterprise (VE). Lin et al 1995 defined a Virtual Enterprise as “ rapidly configured multi-disciplinary network of small, process specific firms configured to meet a window of opportunity to design and produce a specific product.” Using this technology, a group of people, or corp

11、orations can pool their expertise and resources and capitalize a market opportunity, by sharing information in a VM environment. 4The principal advantage of this technology is its ability to provide a multi-media environment, enhancing communication at all levels in a products life cycle. Text & Tra

12、nslation3. Applications of VM Application of VM encompass the entire life cycle of a product. Reported developments include a virtual space decision support system by Imamura and Nomura 1994 at the Matsushita company in Japan. This system aimed to promote marketing and sales of kitchen furniture by

13、allowing customers to personally experience a kitchen environment and evaluate different choices, then select the best combination according to his or her own preferences. Their preferences are stored as drawings and subsequently transferred to the companys production facilities. Text & TranslationO

14、wen 1994 presented the work implemented at John Deere Companys production facility, which used Virtual Manufacturing for the installation of an arc welding production system. The project involved using a Virtual 3-D environment for design, evaluation, and testing of the robotic production system. Pa

15、rt of the work was carried out at John Deeres facility while part of it was done by Genesis System and Technomatrix Technologies. The VM method is very useful in shortening the design-to-manufacturing cycle-time.Text & TranslationDuPont 1994 presented an overview of Virtual Reality applications, and

16、 reported about Virtual prototyping being carried out at the Coventry School of Art and Design. These virtual prototypes are constructed in a computer at the beginning of the design process and allow the designer to perform tests on the virtual prototype such as a car beforehand, by walking around o

17、r through the design, examine its performance on a virtual road, sit in the drivers seat, and check view lines, etc. 5 Also reported were VM applications such as the virtual concurrent design and assembly of a landing gear, and simulation of side-impact collision to test vehicle safety. Text & Trans

18、lationKim et al. 1994 also reported VR applications including the use of VM by designers at Boeing Aircraft Company for the ergonomic evaluation of their airplane designs for operation as well as maintenance. Another study used a VM environment to train robots. An operators movements were recognized

19、, interpreted and stored in the form of robotic movement commands. Shenai described the Virtual Wafer Fabrication (VWF) infrastructure which provided a framework for the optimization of key process and design variables in the development of application specific semi-conductor devices. Other applicat

20、ion areas discussed in Larijani 1994 include machine-vision applications for diagnosis, fault detection, inspection and preventive maintenance, safety and maintenance training, ergonomic analysis. For example, new cab or shovel configurations for each Caterpillar moving equipment are tested by real

21、drivers for possible imbalances while handling virtual bulldozers and trucks. Text & Translation1.什么是虛擬制造技術(shù)虛擬制造是人們使用的一種高度集成化的、虛擬的生產(chǎn)環(huán)境，其目的是為了增強(qiáng)制造業(yè)的各種決策和控制能力。在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中，人們把虛擬制造技術(shù)描述成一個(gè)可存在或可不存在的實(shí)際生產(chǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)模擬的模型。該模型包含了所有與生產(chǎn)過(guò)程、生產(chǎn)過(guò)程控制管理和產(chǎn)品詳細(xì)數(shù)據(jù)有關(guān)的信息；同時(shí)它也可能包含部分實(shí)際上存在或不存在的有關(guān)生產(chǎn)企業(yè)的信息。虛擬制造技術(shù)通過(guò)使用計(jì)算機(jī)模型來(lái)模擬生產(chǎn)過(guò)程，以達(dá)到在產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)與制造上有所

22、幫助的目的。Text & Translation(1) 以設(shè)計(jì)為中心的虛擬制造。該技術(shù)的特點(diǎn)是向設(shè)計(jì)者提供適當(dāng)?shù)墓ぞ邅?lái)設(shè)計(jì)不同的產(chǎn)品。(2) 以生產(chǎn)為中心的虛擬制造。該技術(shù)的特點(diǎn)是向生產(chǎn)決策者提供一定的方法來(lái)分析、研究待選擇的生產(chǎn)加工計(jì)劃。(3) 以控制為中心的虛擬制造。該技術(shù)的特點(diǎn)是允許生產(chǎn)設(shè)計(jì)管理人員對(duì)產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)、生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃和控制決策進(jìn)行評(píng)估，同時(shí)也允許生產(chǎn)設(shè)計(jì)管理人員采用對(duì)控制過(guò)程進(jìn)行模擬的方法對(duì)產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)、生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃和控制決策進(jìn)行不斷的改進(jìn)。Text & Translation2.虛擬制造技術(shù)的意義 虛擬制造技術(shù)的目的是向許多獨(dú)立的制造技術(shù)提供一個(gè)集成環(huán)境。 如CAD、CAM、CAPP。在這個(gè)

23、虛擬制造的集成環(huán)境中，有多種應(yīng)用目的的用戶無(wú)須將上述各技術(shù)緊密結(jié)合，就可完成部分甚至所有的任務(wù)。例如，一個(gè)生產(chǎn)過(guò)程的計(jì)劃工程師和一個(gè)制造工程師能夠?qū)ιa(chǎn)過(guò)程進(jìn)行評(píng)估，并且可以將評(píng)估的結(jié)果反饋給住在異地的產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)工程師，由他對(duì)產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)。Text & Translation虛擬制造技術(shù)的另外一個(gè)重要貢獻(xiàn)是虛擬企業(yè)。1995 年Lin et al. 把虛擬企業(yè)定義成快速構(gòu)造的小型專業(yè)公司的多學(xué)科聯(lián)合。構(gòu)造該企業(yè)的目的是完成某種專門(mén)產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計(jì)和生產(chǎn)。通過(guò)分享虛擬制造環(huán)境中的信息資源，許多人和公司借助該技術(shù)可共享它們之間的相關(guān)技術(shù)、資源和有利的市場(chǎng)機(jī)會(huì)。因此，虛擬制造技術(shù)的主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)是能夠向用戶提

24、供一個(gè)擁有多種媒體的虛擬環(huán)境，加強(qiáng)了產(chǎn)品循環(huán)周期各個(gè)層次的信息交流。Text & Translation3.虛擬制造技術(shù)的應(yīng)用 在實(shí)際應(yīng)用過(guò)程中，虛擬制造技術(shù)往往貫穿產(chǎn)品的整個(gè)生命周期。比如，1994 年日本 Matsushita 公司的Imamura 和 Nomura 的一項(xiàng)研究成果中就包括了一個(gè)可視化的空間決策系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)主要應(yīng)用于廚具銷售領(lǐng)域。它首先允許顧客去感受某種廚房環(huán)境，然后由顧客對(duì)這些廚具進(jìn)行比較，最后根據(jù)他們自己的喜好選擇出最好的組合。當(dāng)然，這些顧客的喜好會(huì)被記錄起來(lái)，然后反饋給公司的生產(chǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)。Text & TranslationOwen 在1994 年向公眾介紹了John D

25、eere 公司生產(chǎn)部門(mén)所完成的一項(xiàng)研究成果，該成果利用虛擬制造技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)了某種生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)的安裝過(guò)程。該項(xiàng)成果包括運(yùn)用虛擬三維技術(shù)來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)、評(píng)估和測(cè)試機(jī)器人生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)。在這項(xiàng)成果的研制過(guò)程中，有一些工作由John Deere 公司完成的，而另外一些工作由 Genesis 系統(tǒng)和達(dá)能思科技公司完成。此項(xiàng)虛擬制造技術(shù)的運(yùn)用對(duì)于縮短該產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計(jì)生產(chǎn)周期起了一定的作用。Text & Translation1994 年 DuPont 對(duì)虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)的應(yīng)用做了總的介紹，同時(shí)他也對(duì)英國(guó)的 Coventry 藝術(shù)與設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)院完成的虛擬樣機(jī)進(jìn)行了報(bào)道。這些虛擬樣機(jī)剛開(kāi)始是在計(jì)算機(jī)中構(gòu)造完成的，這使得設(shè)計(jì)者可以在計(jì)算機(jī)上預(yù)先

26、對(duì)它們(例如汽車)進(jìn)行一些方面的測(cè)試。通過(guò)在計(jì)算機(jī)上運(yùn)行這些虛擬樣機(jī)，設(shè)計(jì)者可以對(duì)汽車在虛擬道路上的行駛性能、駕駛員坐在駕駛室的舒適程度及其開(kāi)車時(shí)的視野狀況等方面做一定的測(cè)試和檢查。另外，虛擬制造技術(shù)還可應(yīng)用在虛擬并行設(shè)計(jì)、飛機(jī)起落架的虛擬裝配和檢測(cè)汽車碰撞性能的仿真等方面。Text & TranslationKimetal 在1994 年也報(bào)道了一些虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)運(yùn)用的實(shí)例，其中包括波音飛機(jī)公司的設(shè)計(jì)師們利用虛擬制造技術(shù)對(duì)所設(shè)計(jì)的飛機(jī)在操作和維護(hù)方面所做的一些有關(guān)飛機(jī)對(duì)環(huán)境影響方面的評(píng)估。另一個(gè)有關(guān)虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)的運(yùn)用實(shí)例是利用虛擬制造技術(shù)的環(huán)境訓(xùn)練機(jī)器人，即以機(jī)器人運(yùn)動(dòng)指令的形式對(duì)其操作者的行

27、為進(jìn)行識(shí)別、解釋并最終儲(chǔ)存起來(lái)。Shenai 描述了虛擬制造技術(shù)在膠片結(jié)構(gòu)制作方面的應(yīng)用(該技術(shù)被稱為虛擬膠片構(gòu)造技術(shù))。該技術(shù)為特殊半導(dǎo)體在研制過(guò)程中的主要工藝和設(shè)計(jì)變量的優(yōu)化提供了一定的方法。1994 年 Larijani 還介紹了其他有關(guān)虛擬制造技術(shù)應(yīng)用方面的實(shí)例，主要包括虛擬可視化技術(shù)在機(jī)器的故障診斷、故障檢測(cè)、檢查預(yù)防性維護(hù)、安全和維護(hù)培訓(xùn)及環(huán)境分析設(shè)計(jì)方面的應(yīng)用。比如，Caterpillar 公司的每一輛汽車和推土機(jī)均由實(shí)際駕駛?cè)藛T通過(guò)在計(jì)算機(jī)上操作虛擬推土機(jī)和汽車，來(lái)檢測(cè)它們?cè)趯?shí)際運(yùn)行過(guò)程中可能出現(xiàn)的不平衡的問(wèn)題。Complex Sentence Analysis1 Virtua

28、l manufacturing (VM) is an integrated, synthetic manufacturing environment exercised to enhance all levels of decision and control in a manufacturing enterprise. 虛擬制造是人們使用的一種高度集成化的、虛擬的生產(chǎn)環(huán)境，其目的是為了增強(qiáng)制造業(yè)的各種決策和控制能力。Exercised：運(yùn)用的，使用的，做后置定語(yǔ)，修飾environment .Complex Sentence Analysis2 Design-centered VM：prov

29、ide designers with the tools to design products that meet design criteria such as design for X. 以設(shè)計(jì)為中心的虛擬制造。該技術(shù)的特點(diǎn)是向設(shè)計(jì)者提供適當(dāng)?shù)墓ぞ邅?lái)設(shè)計(jì)不同的產(chǎn)品。 to design products that meet design criteria such as design for X 動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)修飾tools provide A with B provide B for A：把B提供給A.Complex Sentence Analysis3 The principal

30、 advantage of this technology is its ability to provide a multi-media environment, enhancing communication at all levels in a products life cycle. 因此，虛擬制造技術(shù)的主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)是能夠向用戶提供一個(gè)擁有多種媒體的虛擬環(huán)境，加強(qiáng)了產(chǎn)品循環(huán)周期各個(gè)層次的信息交流。 to provide a multi-media environment：做定語(yǔ)修飾前面的ability enhancing communication at all levels in a products life cycle：現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)做目的狀語(yǔ).Complex Sentence Analysis4 Also reported were VM applications such as the virtual concurrent design and assembly of a landing