緊固件和結(jié)構(gòu)連接件培訓(xùn)講義PPT

1、第23講：緊固件和結(jié)構(gòu)連接件Lesson 23: Fasteners and Framing Connectors 1木產(chǎn)品的連接Connecting wood products三種基本的連接：Three basic categories of connections: 木材和木材連接Wood-to-wood 木材和混凝土連接Wood-to-concrete or masonry木材和鋼材連接Wood-to-steel3木產(chǎn)品的連接Connecting wood products結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件、覆面板同其它木產(chǎn)品或混凝土或砌體的連接有多種方法：Several methods can be used

2、to connect or reinforce joints betweenframing members, sheathing and other wood products or concrete or masonry: 緊固件（例如 釘子、碼釘、螺絲和螺栓）Fasteners (e.g. nails, staples, screws and bolts)輕型金屬結(jié)構(gòu)連接件Light metal framing connectors 結(jié)構(gòu)用膠Construction adhesives4木產(chǎn)品的連接Connecting wood products現(xiàn)代梁柱式結(jié)構(gòu)和傳統(tǒng)重木結(jié)構(gòu)有其他的連接方法

3、：Other methods are used for connections in modern post and beam and traditional timber frame construction梁柱式結(jié)構(gòu)上一般使用特殊的重型金屬連接件，可以快速、經(jīng)濟(jì)地實(shí)現(xiàn)高強(qiáng)度的連接Post and beam typically uses special heavy metal connectors for speed,economy and strength 傳統(tǒng)重木結(jié)構(gòu)采用榫卯和木釘連接Traditional timber frame uses joint geometry and woo

4、den pegs 在這兩種建筑中，連接件大多暴露在外作為建筑的一部分For both forms of construction, connections are often exposed as an architectural feature 5重型金屬連接件Heavy metal connectors現(xiàn)代梁柱式建筑的隱形連接Example of concealed connections for modern post and beam construction 6木柱子和梁的連接Wood post to wood beam connection木柱子和混凝土的連接Wood post t

5、o concrete connection重型金屬連接件Heavy metal connectors現(xiàn)代梁柱式建筑中暴露在外的連接Example of exposed connection for modern post and beam construction 7傳統(tǒng)細(xì)木工Traditional joinery傳統(tǒng)重木結(jié)構(gòu)建筑的接頭樣式Examples of joints for traditional timber frame construction 8木釘用于緊固連接部位Wood pegs used to secure joint傳統(tǒng)細(xì)木工Traditional joinery傳統(tǒng)重

6、木結(jié)構(gòu)建筑的接頭樣式Examples of joints for traditional timber frame construction 9釘子Nails釘連接是現(xiàn)代木結(jié)構(gòu)施工中最常見(jiàn)的連接方式Nailing is most common method to join members in modern wood frame construction 釘子就像是削尖的螺栓被壓到木材中Nails are sharpened metal pins driven into wood 木質(zhì)纖維和釘子表面之間的摩擦力形成了釘子握釘力Pressure of the wood fibers agains

7、t the surface of the nail give it its holding power 常見(jiàn)的釘子具有光滑的釘徑，也有扭曲的或者帶圈的釘子，握釘力更強(qiáng) Nails usually have smooth shanks but can be twisted or ringed for greater holding power 10光滑的釘徑（常規(guī)的握釘力）Smooth shank (normal holding power)麻花或者螺紋釘徑（增加的握釘力）Twisted or spiral shank (increased holding power)帶圈的釘徑（最大的握釘力）

8、Ringed shank (most holding power)釘子Nails釘子種類Types of nails普通釘是木結(jié)構(gòu)建筑中最常用的釘子Common nails are used most often in wood frame construction 箱釘與普通釘外觀類似，但釘徑較細(xì)，釘頭偏小，不易使木材開(kāi)裂Box nails are similar in appearance to common nails but have thinner shanks and smaller heads making them less likely to split wood 雙頭釘有兩

9、個(gè)釘頭，用于臨時(shí)性建筑或構(gòu)件（比如支撐，模板或腳手架等），便于拆除Duplex nails have a double head for easily removal in temporary construction (e.g. braces, formwork or scaffolding) 11普通釘Common nail箱釘Box nail雙頭釘Duplex nail釘子Nails釘子的釘尖形狀決定其劈裂木材的力度Shape of a nails point affects its tendency to split the wood釘尖越尖，釘子越容易釘入Sharper point

10、makes the nail act more like a wedge than a punch 釘尖越尖，越易釘入，握釘力越強(qiáng)，同時(shí)也越容易造成木材開(kāi)裂Easier to drive and results in higher holding power but is more likely to split the wood 12鈍菱形釘尖: 連接較硬木材，減少劈裂Blunt diamond (for harder wood to reduce splitting)長(zhǎng)菱形釘尖：更易釘入Long diamond (for easier driving)錐形釘尖：連接木材和砌磚Conical

11、 (to attach wood to masonry)菱形釘尖：最常見(jiàn)的釘尖形狀Diamond (most common shape)釘子Nails釘子尺寸Sizes of nails 釘子長(zhǎng)度尺寸范圍為13mm至150mm Nails are specified by their length and range from 13 mm to 150 mm美制用“便士尺寸”（penny)表示普通釘子尺寸，表示為字母“d”，例如 8d = 64 mm, 10d = 76mm, 16d = 89 mmU.S. system of measurement for common nails is t

12、he “penny” abbreviated d(e.g. 8d = 64 mm, 10d = 76mm, 16d = 89 mm) 長(zhǎng)釘長(zhǎng)度大的釘子稱作長(zhǎng)釘，其長(zhǎng)度為100 mm 到 350 mm Large nails are called spikes and rangefrom 100 mm to 350 mm in length13長(zhǎng)釘Spike釘子Nails釘子Nails三種基本釘釘方法：Three basic methods of nailing:水平釘釘：三種方法中連接強(qiáng)度最大Face nailing: strongest of three methods垂直釘釘：力度偏弱，主

13、要用于連接并對(duì)齊結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件，再依靠重力作用和覆面板作用力來(lái)加強(qiáng)垂直釘釘?shù)倪B接強(qiáng)度End nailing: much weaker and used primarily to hold framing members in alignment until gravity forces and sheathing is applied to strengthen the connection 斜向釘釘：正確操作下，連接強(qiáng)度幾乎與水平釘釘一樣強(qiáng)Toe nailing: Correctly done, can be almost as strong as face nailing 14水平釘釘Face

14、nailing斜向釘釘Toe nailing垂直釘釘 End nailing釘子Nails釘槍的使用可以有效地提高施工效率Using a framing nailer significantly improves productivity 絕大多數(shù)是釘槍都是氣動(dòng)的 Most framing nailers are pneumatic兩種類型：排釘槍和卷釘槍 Two types: Stick-style and coil-style 15卷釘槍Coil-style framing nailer排釘槍Stick-style framing nailer釘子Nails避免釘子釘入連接件過(guò)深或未完全釘

15、入，尤其是釘接覆面板時(shí)Avoid overdriving or underdriving fasteners,especially for sheathing 釘槍使用不當(dāng)會(huì)造成釘子釘入過(guò)深 Improperly adjusted framing nailer can overdrive fasteners釘子釘入不當(dāng)會(huì)減弱連接強(qiáng)度，同時(shí)也會(huì)減少覆面板的剪力強(qiáng)度Improperly driven nails weaken the connection andreduce shear strength provided by sheathing 連接墻體和屋面覆面板時(shí)，緊固件釘入覆面板過(guò)深，過(guò)深

16、長(zhǎng)度不能多于3mmFor wall and roof sheathing, limit overdrivingof fasteners to a maximum of 3 mm如果超過(guò)20%的緊固件件釘入過(guò)深且過(guò)深長(zhǎng)度超過(guò)3mm時(shí)，必須增加堅(jiān)固件的數(shù)量If more than 20% of fasteners are overdrivenmore than 3 mm, additional fasteners must be added16釘子應(yīng)與覆面板表面平齊Nails should be driven flush to the face of a sheathing panel 釘子Nai

17、ls17釘子與連接件表面平齊Nails are flush 釘子釘入過(guò)深Nails are overdriven部分釘子未完全釘入Some nails are underdriven釘接連接件時(shí)務(wù)必留意，切勿釘入過(guò)深或未完全釘入Care should also be exercised when nailing connectors to avoid overdriving or underdriving fasteners 釘子Nails釘釘子時(shí)對(duì)眼睛和聽(tīng)力的保護(hù)非常重要Eye and hearing protection are essential when driving nails 有

18、時(shí)釘釘子會(huì)有小塊金屬碎片飛濺開(kāi)來(lái) Small flying metal fragments sometimes result from hammering a nail有時(shí)釘槍會(huì)意外走火或打擊到別的物體Framing nailers can accidentally fire or strike other objects釘槍操作過(guò)程中會(huì)攪動(dòng)灰塵和塵垢飛揚(yáng)Dust and dirt are stirred-up when a framing nailer is fired 釘槍操作過(guò)程中會(huì)產(chǎn)生非常大的噪音Framing nailers also generate very loud burst

19、s of noise18碼釘Staples專用的碼釘在特定情況下可以替代釘子Special staples can be used in certain applications instead of nails碼釘是U形的金屬堅(jiān)固件Stapes are U-shaped metal wire fasteners 通常用于墻體或屋面覆面板與結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件的連接固定Typical application is for fastening wall or roof sheathing to framing與預(yù)先裝好碼釘?shù)拇a釘槍配套使用Applied with a staple gun using pre

20、-packaged strips of fasteners 19覆面板碼釘Sheathing staple螺絲釘Screws當(dāng)要求達(dá)到更強(qiáng)的握釘力時(shí)，需要使用木螺釘Wood screws are used when greater holding power is required由于木螺釘?shù)某杀颈柔斪雍痛a釘都高，且安裝更加耗時(shí)，所以在木結(jié)構(gòu)施工中很少用木螺釘Regular wood screws are seldom used in framing because they cost morethan nails or staples and require more time to dri

21、ve 但方頭木螺釘例外。方頭木螺釘?shù)尼旑^為六角或四方形狀，使用扳手而不是螺絲刀進(jìn)行固定An exception are lag screws which are heavy wood screws with a square orhex head that are driven with a wrench rather than a screwdriver 20方頭木螺釘Lag screw釘頭下方可松緊的墊圈用于分擔(dān)荷載Loose washer under head to distribute load螺絲釘Screws21格柵橫托木用于支撐陽(yáng)臺(tái)格柵Ledger board to suppor

22、t deck joists使用套筒扳手安裝木螺釘Lag screw installed with socket wrench在格柵橫托木和外墻間安裝隔塊Spacer installed between ledger and exterior wall螺絲釘Screws結(jié)構(gòu)木螺釘正在逐漸取代木螺釘Structural wood screws are beginning to replace lag screws 結(jié)構(gòu)木螺釘是用更高強(qiáng)度并經(jīng)過(guò)熱處理的鋼材加工而成，達(dá)到強(qiáng)度的最大化Structural wood screws are made from stronger steel and heat

23、-treated to maximize strength結(jié)構(gòu)螺釘?shù)尼敿馄鸬姐@頭的作用，無(wú)需再鉆定位孔Point of structural screws act as a drill bit eliminating need to drill pilot hole 結(jié)構(gòu)螺釘比木螺釘?shù)牟僮鞲?，更?jiǎn)單Much quicker and easier to install than lag screws22結(jié)構(gòu)木螺釘?shù)娜笃放芓hree major brands of structural wood screws螺栓Bolts螺栓可以替代木螺釘或結(jié)構(gòu)木螺釘Bolts can be an alter

24、native to lag or structural wood screws 螺栓分為兩種：機(jī)械螺栓和車(chē)身螺栓Two types: machine bolts and carriage bolts常用的螺栓直徑為9.5mm到25mmCommonly used bolts range from 9.5 mm to 25 mm in diameter位于螺母和機(jī)制螺栓栓頭下方的墊圈可以分布荷載，減少擰緊螺栓時(shí)對(duì)木材的破壞Washers are used under nuts and the heads of machine boltsto distribute loads and limit c

25、rushing of the wood車(chē)身螺栓包括： -寬且方的栓頭，無(wú)需墊圈 -圓形螺栓軸肩，位于栓頭下方。栓軸肩釘入木材，可以在擰緊螺母的的過(guò)程中防止螺栓發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)Carriage bolts have:- a broad, rounded head that needs no washer; and- a square shoulder under the head that is forced into the wood to prevent the bolt from turning as the nut is tighten23機(jī)械螺栓Machine bolt車(chē)身螺栓Carriage

26、 bolt墊圈Washers螺栓Bolts輕型木結(jié)構(gòu)施工中，螺栓有四種常見(jiàn)應(yīng)用：Four common applications of bolts in wood platform frame construction: 錨栓用來(lái)穩(wěn)固地梁板和混凝土基礎(chǔ)的連接（參見(jiàn)第四講，19至22頁(yè)）Anchor bolts to secure sill plates to concrete foundations(refer to Lesson 4, slides 19 to 22)木釘或結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件與鋼梁鋼或鋼柱的連接固定Attaching wood nailers or framing membersto

27、steel beams or columns連接固定大型的組合木梁Laminating large built-up wood beams穩(wěn)固重型金屬連接件（尤其是抗震連接件）Securing heavy-duty metal connectors(especially seismic connectors) 24螺栓Bolts25木釘板與鋼梁一側(cè)錨固，用于支撐樓板格柵托架Wood nailer to bolted to side of steel beam to support floor joist hangers 錨栓Bolts26抗震連接件和混凝土基礎(chǔ)的錨固Bolt to secure

28、 seismic anchor to concrete foundation 抗震連接件和木構(gòu)件的錨固Bolts to secure seismic anchor to wood framing緊固件的耐久性Durability of fasteners釘子，碼釘，螺釘和螺栓上可以涂上各種涂料Various coatings may be applied to nails, staples, screws and bolts 當(dāng)緊固件暴露于室外或潮濕室內(nèi)時(shí)，會(huì)發(fā)生腐蝕。刷過(guò)涂料的緊固件可以減少腐蝕現(xiàn)象的產(chǎn)生Most common reason to use coated fasteners i

29、s to minimize corrosion whenexposed to weather or wet indoor locations 被腐蝕的緊固件會(huì)影響結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)度和外觀Corroded fasteners can impact both structural strength and appearance 另外部分涂料還可以緊固件的抗握釘力并美化外觀Some coatings also improve holding power and appearance 27緊固件的耐久性Durability of fasteners部分涂料還可以提高緊固件的握釘力，并美化緊固件的外觀Some c

30、oatings also improve holding power and appearance 例如，可以根據(jù)陽(yáng)臺(tái)木材和裝飾材料的樹(shù)種，來(lái)選擇與之相配的陽(yáng)臺(tái)螺釘涂料顏色For example, deck screws with a coloured coating are often usedto match different species of woods and finishes 28緊固件的耐久性Durability of fasteners鋼制緊固件最常用的涂料是鋅Most common coating for steel fastenersis to galvanize th

31、em with zinc 熱鍍鋅緊固件-將緊固件浸入具有高強(qiáng)度耐腐蝕性的熱熔鋅液中Hot-dipped galvanized fasteners fasteners dipped into molten zinc thathave a high degree of corrosion resistance電鍍鋅緊固件-價(jià)格較低，鋅涂料較薄，耐腐蝕性偏低Electroplated fasteners less expensive but have a much thinnerzinc coating and less resistance to corrosion 29熱鍍鋅緊固件（左圖）：表面

32、顏色比一般鋼材灰暗灰暗電鍍或不銹鋼緊固件（右圖）Hot-dipped galvanized fasteners (left) have a much duller finish than plain steel, electroplated or stainless steel fasteners (right)緊固件的耐久性Durability of fasteners30鍍鋅釘子和金屬格柵托架Galvanized nails and metal joist hanger鍍鋅的木螺釘Galvanized lag screw無(wú)涂料，被腐蝕的普通鋼制墊圈Corroded uncoated pla

33、in steel washer緊固件的耐久性Durability of fasteners不銹鋼緊固件比熱鍍鋅緊固件的防腐蝕性更強(qiáng)Stainless steel fasteners provide an even higher levelof corrosion protection than hot-dipped galvanized fasteners 不銹鋼緊固件的抗腐蝕性可以分為多個(gè)級(jí)別Stainless steel fasteners are available in different levels of corrosion resistance 304和305不銹鋼適用于絕大數(shù)地

34、區(qū)；沿海地區(qū)建議使用316不銹鋼Grades 304 and 305 offer sufficient protection in most regions butGrade 316 is recommended for costal areas 不銹鋼緊固件的缺點(diǎn)： -成本高 -供應(yīng)有限D(zhuǎn)rawbacks of stainless steel fasteners:- high cost- limited availability 31緊固件的耐久性Durability of fasteners通常使用熱鍍鋅或不銹鋼緊固件固定防腐木Always use hot-dipped galvanize

35、d or stainless steel fastenerswith preservative-treated wood用于處理防腐木的化學(xué)品對(duì)普通鋼材有腐蝕性Chemicals used to treat wood are corrosive to plain steel 請(qǐng)勿使用電鍍鋅緊固件（涂料不夠厚）Do not use electroplated galvanized fasteners(the coating is not thick enough)32緊固件的耐久性Durability of fasteners不同的金屬材料不能混合在一起使用Do not mix dissimil

36、ar metals不同的金屬接觸時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生腐蝕現(xiàn)象Corrosion results when most dissimilar metals come in contact 熱鍍鋅緊固件必須和熱鍍鋅的連接件一起使用，不銹鋼緊固件必須和不銹鋼的連接件一起使用Galvanized fasteners must be used with galvanized connectors and stainless steel fasteners with stainless steel connectors 33不同的金屬接觸時(shí)會(huì)導(dǎo)致腐蝕產(chǎn)生Corrosion caused by different met

37、als in contact結(jié)構(gòu)連接件Framing connectors連接件是用來(lái)連接木材和木材、混凝土或砌磚的五金件Connectors are metal hardware used to joinwood to wood, concrete or masonry 連接件可以是簡(jiǎn)單的金屬板或金屬條，也可以是復(fù)雜樣式的連接件Connectors range from simple plates or strapsto complex specialty items 每個(gè)連接件的名稱通常反映其功能用途（例如：格柵托架，地腳螺栓和椽條抗風(fēng)件等）The name of a specific c

38、onnector often relates to its function(e.g. joist hanger, sill anchor, hurricane rafter tie, etc.) 連接件讓結(jié)構(gòu)的連接更堅(jiān)固和更簡(jiǎn)便Connectors make framing connections stronger and easier34結(jié)構(gòu)連接件Framing connectors辛普森的Strong-Tie連接件主導(dǎo)了整個(gè)住宅結(jié)構(gòu)連接件行業(yè)Simpson Strong-Tie dominates the residential framing connector industry項(xiàng)目的

39、大多數(shù)說(shuō)明規(guī)定都引用參考辛普森的產(chǎn)品Most specifications for projects reference its products 其他廠家常將自產(chǎn)成品定位為“等效于辛普森產(chǎn)品”O(jiān)ther manufacturers often identify their own products as “Simpson equivalent”35結(jié)構(gòu)連接件Framing connectors常用的結(jié)構(gòu)連接件有：Commonly used framing connectors: 托架：用于樓板格柵，工字梁，屋面桁架和梁式桁架的連接Hangers for floor joists, I-joi

40、sts, roof trusses and girders 柱帽和柱基座Post or column caps and bases 抗震和抗風(fēng)緊固板或卯固件Seismic and hurricane/typhoon ties or holdowns36結(jié)構(gòu)連接件Framing connectors樓板格柵托架Floor joist hangers37帶隱蔽式凸緣的樓板格柵托架Floor joist hanger withconcealed flanges標(biāo)準(zhǔn)樓板格柵托架Standard floor joist hanger結(jié)構(gòu)連接件Framing connectors工字梁托架I-joist

41、hangers38側(cè)面固定的工字梁托架Face mount I-joist hanger上方帶凸緣的工字梁托架Top flange I-joist hanger結(jié)構(gòu)連接件Framing connectors屋面桁架/梁式桁架托架Roof truss/girder hangers39屋面梁式桁架托架Roof girder truss hanger端坡桁架托架Hip/jack truss hanger結(jié)構(gòu)連接件Framing connectors柱基座Post or column bases40木柱與混凝土連接的可調(diào)式連接件Adjustable elevated wood post to conc

42、rete connector木柱與混凝土連接的固定式連接件Fixed wood post to concrete connector結(jié)構(gòu)連接件Framing connectors柱帽P(pán)ost or column caps41固定木梁和木柱的連接件Wood beam to wood post connector固定木梁和鋼柱的連接件Wood beam to steel column connector結(jié)構(gòu)連接件Framing connectors抗震和抗風(fēng)緊固板或卯固件Seismic and hurricane/typhoon ties or holdowns42結(jié)構(gòu)連接件Framing con

43、nectors抗震和抗風(fēng)緊固板或卯固件Seismic and hurricane/typhoon ties or holdowns43結(jié)構(gòu)連接件Framing connectors抗震和抗風(fēng)緊固板或卯固件Seismic and hurricane/typhoon ties or holdowns44結(jié)構(gòu)連接件Framing connectors連接件必須使用質(zhì)量好、規(guī)格尺寸正確的緊固件來(lái)安裝，同時(shí)緊固件也需要滿足廠家的要求并符合建筑規(guī)范的規(guī)定Connectors must be installed with the quantity, type and sizeof fasteners spe

44、cified by the manufacturer and the building codes緊固件尺寸類型不符或安裝不正確，會(huì)減弱和破壞連接效果Incorrect fastener selection or installation can compromise the connector performance 4538 mm83 mm76 mm64 mm90 mm結(jié)構(gòu)連接件Framing connectors46 結(jié)構(gòu)連接件Framing connectors絕大多數(shù)緊固件以90度角釘入連接件Most fasteners are driven through connectors a

45、t a 90 angle也有部分緊固件必須以45度角釘入連接件Some fasteners must be driven at a 45 angle47以90度角將緊固件釘入連接件和結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件Fastener driven at 45 angle to connector and framing member以90度角將緊固件釘入連接件和結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件Fastener driven at 90 angle to connector and framing member連接件上的圓頂狀表示需以45度角對(duì)緊固件釘釘Dome on connector indicates that fastener is t

46、o be at 45快速釘入到位后臨時(shí)固定連接件Speed prong to position and temporarily secure the connector 結(jié)構(gòu)連接件Framing connectors48通常在連接件上蓋章標(biāo)明要求用來(lái)安裝連接件的緊固件類型。Type of fasteners required to install a connector is often stamped on the connector結(jié)構(gòu)連接件Framing connectors49圓孔-必須用特定的緊固件連接（例如釘子，螺釘或螺栓）Round hole Must always be fil

47、led with specified fastener(e.g. nail, screw or bolt) 六角孔-只與特定的砌磚螺釘一起使用Hexagonal hole Only to be used with a special masonry screw 菱形孔-在安裝連接件時(shí)可以用來(lái)臨時(shí)固定住連接件Diamond hole Can be used to temporarily hold a connector in place while it is being installed連接件上的孔眼形狀同時(shí)表明所需用的緊固件類型和數(shù)量Shape of holes in a connecto

48、r identify number of fasteners to use 橢圓孔-所需緊固件類型和圓孔一樣（用特定的緊固件連接）Oval hole Treat same as round hole (i.e. always fill with specified fastener) 三角孔-如果需要額外的支撐力時(shí)，用緊固件固定Triangular hole Fill if extra support capacity is needed結(jié)構(gòu)用膠Construction adhesives樓面板的安裝需要使用結(jié)構(gòu)用膠，除此以外結(jié)構(gòu)用膠的使用很有限Except for installing su

49、bfloors, the use ofstructural adhesives for framing is limited 絕大多數(shù)結(jié)構(gòu)膠的連接處必須緊實(shí)，同時(shí)在可控的自然條件下可以進(jìn)行固化Most adhesive joints must be clamped and allowedto cure under controlled environmental conditions 因此，結(jié)構(gòu)用膠主要在生產(chǎn)工程木產(chǎn)品（例如膠合板，工字梁，OSB板）的工廠使用As a result, construction adhesives are used mainly in factories to

50、produce engineered wood products(e.g. plywood, I-joists, OSB, etc.)50術(shù)語(yǔ)表Glossary of new terms箱訂-與普通釘外觀類似，但釘徑較細(xì)，釘頭偏小，不易使木材開(kāi)裂Box nail A nail is similar in appearance to a common nail but has a thinner shank and smaller head making it less likely to split wood.普通釘-平滑釘頭，釘徑光滑；木結(jié)構(gòu)建筑中最常用的釘子Common nail A na

51、il with flat head and plain shank that is used for most connections in woodplatform frame construction. 結(jié)構(gòu)用膠-一種強(qiáng)度膠合劑或膠水，用于連接建筑材料，尤其用于樓面覆面板與樓板格柵的粘接Construction adhesive A heavy mastic or glue, usually dispensed from cartridge, that is used tojoin construction materials, especially subfloor panels to

52、floor joists. 雙頭釘-有兩個(gè)釘頭，用于臨時(shí)性建筑或構(gòu)件，比如支撐，模板或腳手架等，便于拆除Duplex nail A nail with a double head for easy removal in temporary construction such as braces, formwork or scaffolding.電鍍-在金屬表面上鍍上一薄層金屬膜（比如鋅）的過(guò)程，可以提高金屬緊固件和連接件的抗腐蝕性Electroplated A process for applying a thin coating, such as zinc, to increase the corrosion resistance of steel fasteners and connectors.55術(shù)語(yǔ)表Glossary of new terms結(jié)構(gòu)連接件-金屬五金件，用于木結(jié)構(gòu)和木材，混凝土或砌體的連接Framing connectors - Metal hardware used to join wood frami