考研英語閱讀歷年真題長句集錦

1、 1.The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise,market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. 2.Thus,in the American economic system i

2、t is the demand of individual consumers,coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes,that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.3.If,on the other hand,producing more of a commodity resu

3、lts in reducing its cost,this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers,which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.4.In the American economy,the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certai

4、n rights,including the right to determine the price of a productorto make a free contract with another private individual.5.At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employers are the most efficient,allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. A

5、nd they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns.6.Numerous other commercial enterprises,from theaters to magazine publishers,from gas and electric utilities to milk processors,bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.7.Exceptional childre

6、n are different in some significant way from others of the same age For these children to develop to their full adult potential,their education must be adapted to those differences.8.The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong

7、 feeling in our society that all citizens,whatever their special conditions,deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.9.It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price,thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for ex

8、port at competitive prices.10.Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising,no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements.11.If its message were confined merely to information and that in itself woul

9、d be difficult if not impossible to achieve,for even a detail such as the choice of the color of a shirt is subtly persuasive-advertising wound be so boring that no one wound pay any attention.12.The workers who gets a promotion,the student whose grades improve,the foreigner who learns a new languag

10、e-all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for there efforts.13.As families move away from their stable community,their friends of many years,their extended family relationships,the informal flow of information is cut off,and with it the confidence that information will b

11、e available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.14.The individual now has more information available than any generation,and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to hisorher specific problem is complicated,timeconsuming,and sometimes even overwhelming.15.Expertise

12、can be shared world wide through teleconferencing,and problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site.16.The current passion for making children compete against their classmatesoragainst the clock produces a two-layer

13、 system,in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B type fellows.17.While talking to you,your could-be employer is deciding whether your education,your experience,and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your “wares” and abilities must be displayed in an orderly

14、and reasonably connected manner.18.The Corporation will survive as a publicly funded broadcasting organization,at least for the time being,but its role,its size and its programs are now the subject of a nation wide debate in Britain.19.The debate was launched by the Government,which invited anyone w

15、ith an opinion of the BBCincluding ordinary listeners and viewer to say what was goodorbad about the Corporation,and even whether they thought it was worth keeping.20.The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large profess signal element and prevented the decline in effi

16、ciency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders.翻譯1.美國的經(jīng)濟是以基本的私有企業(yè)和市場導(dǎo)向經(jīng)濟為架構(gòu)的，在這種經(jīng)濟中，消費者很大程度上通過在市場上為那些他們最想要的貨品和服務(wù)付費來決定什么應(yīng)該被制造出來。2.因此，在美國的經(jīng)濟體系中，個體消費者的需求與商人試圖最大化其利潤的欲望和個人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相結(jié)合，一起決定了什么應(yīng)該被制造，以及資源如何被用來制造它們。3.另一方面，如果大量制

17、造某種商品導(dǎo)致其成本下降，那么這就有可能增加賣方和制造商能提供的供給，而這也就會反過來降低價格并允許更多的消費者購買產(chǎn)品。4.在美國經(jīng)濟中，私有財產(chǎn)的概念不僅包含對生產(chǎn)資源的所有權(quán)，也指其他一些特定的權(quán)利，如確定一個產(chǎn)品價格和與另一個私人個體(經(jīng)濟單位)自由簽定合同的權(quán)利。5.同時這些計算機記錄下哪些時間是最忙的，哪些員工工作效率最高，這樣就能相應(yīng)地做出人員人事安排。而且它們(計算機)也能為促銷活動找到那些擁有優(yōu)先權(quán)的顧客。6.不計其數(shù)的其他商業(yè)企業(yè)，從劇院到雜志出版商，從公用燃氣電力設(shè)施到牛奶處理廠，都通過計算機的使用給消費者帶來更好、更有效率的服務(wù)。7.殘疾兒童在許多關(guān)鍵方面都與其同齡人不

18、同。為了讓這些孩子發(fā)展其全部的成人后的潛能，他們的教育必須適應(yīng)這些不同。8.在過去的30年中，公共教育中顯示的對殘疾兒童的巨大關(guān)注表明了我們社會中的一種中強烈的情緒，那就是所有的公民，不管其情況有多特殊，都應(yīng)享有充分發(fā)展其能力的機會。9.它(廣告)能夠直接幫助貨物以比較合理的價格被迅速分銷出去，因此可以(使公司)建立一個堅固的國內(nèi)市場，同時也使以具有競爭力的價格提供出口變得可能。10.除去議會有27件法案來規(guī)范廣告的條件，沒有任何一個正式的廣告商敢于推銷一種商品卻不能兌現(xiàn)其在廣告中的承諾。11.如果其信息只被局限于告知一一就廣告而言，如果這不是完全不可能達到的，也是非常難做的，因為即便是一個諸

19、如襯衫的顏色的選擇這樣的細節(jié)都會具有微妙的說服意味，那么廣告就會如此地乏味以至于沒有人會關(guān)注它。12.得到了升遷的工人們，成績進步的學(xué)生，學(xué)會了一門新語言的外國人一一這些都是那些有可衡量的結(jié)果宋顯示其努力的人們的例證。13.隨著家庭離開他們原來穩(wěn)定的社區(qū)，離開他們多年的朋友和擴展的家庭關(guān)系，非正式的信息流動被切斷了，隨之而去的是對在需要時能獲得可靠和值得信賴的信息的信心。14.現(xiàn)在每個人能夠得到的信息比任何時代的人都多，而找到與他/她的特定問題相關(guān)的那一點信息的任務(wù)不僅復(fù)雜、耗時，有時甚至令人難以招架。15.通過遠程會議，專家知識可以在全世界范圍內(nèi)被分享，而爭論的問題能夠得到解決，同時相關(guān)人員

20、也不必離開他們的家庭或工作跑到一個遙遠的開會地點。16.現(xiàn)在這種讓孩子們和其同學(xué)或時間競爭的熱情導(dǎo)致了一個雙層結(jié)構(gòu)，在這個結(jié)構(gòu)里面善于競爭的A類好像在某個方面要比他們B類的同輩更勝一籌。17.在跟你談話的時候，可能成為你的雇主的人就一直在衡量你的教育、經(jīng)驗和其他資格是不是值得他雇用你，而你的“商品”和能力一定要以一種有條不紊而且合情合理的相互關(guān)聯(lián)的方式被展示出來。18.英國廣播公司將作為一個公共基金支持的廣播組織存在下來，至少目前會這樣，但是它的角色、它的規(guī)模和它的節(jié)目現(xiàn)在在英國成了全國上下的討論話題。19.這場辯論是由政府發(fā)動的，政府請任何一個對英國廣播公司有意見的人一包括普通的聽眾和觀眾一

21、來說說這個公司好在哪里或壞在哪里，甚至要說說他們是否認為這個公司值得被保留下來。20.這種變化通過引入許多的專業(yè)因素從而適應(yīng)了這個新時代的技術(shù)要求，并且它(這種變化)防止了效率的降低。這種效率的降低在精力充沛的創(chuàng)業(yè)者之后的第二代和第三代人(領(lǐng)導(dǎo)公司)的時候，經(jīng)常會毀掉那些家族公司的財富。21. Such large,impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class,an element in nationa

22、l life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners： and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. 22. Towns like Bournemouth and East bourne sprang up to house large comfortable classes who had retired on their incomes,and who

23、had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders meeting to dictate their orders to the management.23. The shareholders as such had no knowledge of the lives,thoughtsorneeds of the workmen employed by the company in which he held

24、 shares,and his influence on the relations of capital and labor was not good.24. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands,but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more p

25、atriarchal system of the old family business now passing away.25. Among the many shaping factors,I would single out the countrys excellent elementary schools： a labor force that welcomed the new technology; the practice of giving premiums to inventors; and above all the American genius for nonverbal

26、,spatial thinking about things technological.26. As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out,A technologist thinks about objects that can not be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions： they are dealt with in his mind by a visual,nonverbal processThe designer and the inventor,are able to assemble and mani

27、pulate in their minds devices that as yet do not exist。27. Robert Fulton once wrote,The mechanic should sit down among levers,screws,wedges,wheel,etc,like a poet among the letters of the alphabet,considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts,in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea。28. In

28、 the last three chapters,he takes off his gloves and gives the creationists a good beating. He describes their programs and,tactics,and,for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists,the extent of their deception and distortion may come as an unpleasant surprise.29. On the dust jacket of this fi

29、ne book,Stephen Jay Gould says： This book stands for reason itself. And so it does-and all wound be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate.30. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates,Australias Northern Territory became the first legal

30、 authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die.31. Some have breathed sighs of relief,others,including churches,right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association,bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is u

31、nlikely to turn back.32. In Australia- where an aging population,life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia.33. There are,of course,exceptions. Smallminded officials,rude waiter

32、s,and ill mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment.34. We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive： an aspirin to quiet a headache,some wine to be sociable,coffee to get

33、going in the morning,a cigarette for the nerves.35. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance,with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect,and then by the appearance of unpleasant with drawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.36. Is this what you in

34、tended to accomplish with your careers? Senator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week. You have sold your souls,but must you corrupt our nation and threaten our children as well?37. The test of any democratic society,he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column,lies not in how well it can c

35、ontrol expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude,however disputableorirritating the results may sometimes be38. During the discussion of rock singing verses at last months stockholders meeting,Levin asserted that music is not the cause of socie

36、tys ills and even cited his son,a teacher in the Bronx,New York,who uses rap to communicate with students.39. Much of the language used to describe monetary policy,such as steering the economy to a soft landing of a touch on the brakes , makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be furthe

37、r from the truth.40. Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States,since,conventional measures suggest that both economies,and especially Americas,have little productive slack. 20. The change met the technical requirements of the new age

38、by engaging a large profess signal element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders.21. Such large,impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and im

39、portance of shareholders as a class,an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners： and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.22. Towns like Bournemouth and East bourne sprang up to house large comfo

40、rtable classes who had retired on their incomes,and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders meeting to dictate their orders to the management.23. The shareholders as such had no knowledge of the lives,thoughtsorneeds

41、 of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares,and his influence on the relations of capital and labor was not good.24. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands,but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the w

42、orkmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away.25. Among the many shaping factors,I would single out the countrys excellent elementary schools： a labor force that welcomed the new technology; the practice of giving premiums to in

43、ventors; and above all the American genius for nonverbal,spatial thinking about things technological.26. As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out,A technologist thinks about objects that can not be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions： they are dealt with in his mind by a visual,nonverbal processThe

44、 designer and the inventor,are able to assemble and manipulate in their minds devices that as yet do not exist。27. Robert Fulton once wrote,The mechanic should sit down among levers,screws,wedges,wheel,etc,like a poet among the letters of the alphabet,considering them as an exhibition of his thought

45、s,in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea。28. In the last three chapters,he takes off his gloves and gives the creationists a good beating. He describes their programs and,tactics,and,for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists,the extent of their deception and distortion may come as

46、an unpleasant surprise.29. On the dust jacket of this fine book,Stephen Jay Gould says： This book stands for reason itself. And so it does-and all wound be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate.30. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary deba

47、tes,Australias Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die.31. Some have breathed sighs of relief,others,including churches,right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association,bitterly attacked

48、the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back.32. In Australia- where an aging population,life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia.33. There are

49、,of course,exceptions. Smallminded officials,rude waiters,and ill mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment.34. We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive： an aspirin to

50、quiet a headache,some wine to be sociable,coffee to get going in the morning,a cigarette for the nerves.35. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance,with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect,and then by the appearance of unpleasant with drawal symptoms wh

51、en the substance is discontinued.36. Is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers? Senator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week. You have sold your souls,but must you corrupt our nation and threaten our children as well?37. The test of any democratic society,he wrote in a

52、Wall Street Journal column,lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude,however disputableorirritating the results may sometimes be38. During the discussion of rock singing verses at last months stockholders mee

53、ting,Levin asserted that music is not the cause of societys ills and even cited his son,a teacher in the Bronx,New York,who uses rap to communicate with students.39. Much of the language used to describe monetary policy,such as steering the economy to a soft landing of a touch on the brakes , makes

54、it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth.40. Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States,since,conventional measures suggest that both economies,and especially Americas,have little productive slack.翻譯21.這

55、樣巨大而非個人的對資金和產(chǎn)業(yè)的操縱極大地增加了股東的數(shù)量和他們作為一個階級的重要性，這是國家生活中代表不負責(zé)任的財富的一個因素，這種財富不但遠離了土地和土地擁有者的責(zé)任，而且?guī)缀跬瑯优c公司的負責(zé)任的管理毫無關(guān)系。22.像伯恩茅斯和伊斯特本這樣的城鎮(zhèn)的涌現(xiàn)是為了給那些數(shù)量很多的“舒適”階級提供居住場所。這些人依賴于其豐厚收入而不工作，他們除了分紅和偶爾參加一下股東大會，向管理層口授一下自己的命令之外，跟社會的其他階層毫無瓜葛。23.這樣的“股東”對他擁有股份的公司所雇用的工人們的生活、思想和需求一無所知，而且他們對勞資雙方的關(guān)系都不會產(chǎn)生積極的影響。24.代表公司的花錢雇來的經(jīng)理與工人及其需求的

56、關(guān)系更加直接，但是就連他對工人們也沒有那種熟識的私人之間的了解。而在現(xiàn)在正在消失的古老家族公司的那種更加家長式的制度下的雇主們卻常常對他們的工人有這樣的私人關(guān)系。25.在許多形成因素當(dāng)中，我將挑選出這些：這個國家優(yōu)秀的小學(xué)教育：歡迎新技術(shù)的勞動者們：獎勵發(fā)明者的做法;而且最重要的是美國人在對那些技術(shù)性事物的非言語的、“空間性的”思考方面的天賦。26.正如尤金弗格森所指出的那樣：“一個技術(shù)專家思考那些不能被簡化成能被清楚的語言描述的東西。這些東西在他的思維中是通過一種視覺的、非語言表述的過程宋處理的設(shè)計者和發(fā)明者能夠在他們的腦中裝配并操作那些還不存在的裝置?！?7.羅伯特法歐特曾經(jīng)這樣寫到：“一

57、個技師會坐在杠桿、螺絲釘、楔子、輪子等等當(dāng)中，就像一個詩人沉浸在字母表的字母中，把這些字母看成自己思想的展示，在這樣的展示中，每種新的次序安排都傳達了種新的思想?！?8.在最后三章中，他脫下手套，將神造論者好好地揍了一頓。他描述了他們的活動和戰(zhàn)術(shù)，而且，對于那些對神造論者的做事方式刁;熟悉的人來說，神造論者的欺騙和扭曲事實的程度可能會令這些人有一種不快的詫異。29.在這本杰出的書的外紙封面上，史蒂芬杰伊古爾德寫道：“這本書本身就代表理性?！倍_實是這樣的而且如果理性成為神造論/地化論之間的辯論中的惟一評判標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的話，一切就都好辦了。30.經(jīng)過了六個月的爭論以及最后16個小時激烈的議會辯論，澳大

58、利亞北部地區(qū)成了世界上第一個允許醫(yī)生終止希望死去的絕癥病人生命的立法當(dāng)局。31.一些機構(gòu)終于松了一口氣，但是其他一些機構(gòu)，包括教堂，倡導(dǎo)生命之權(quán)的團體和澳大利亞醫(yī)學(xué)協(xié)會，尖銳地抨擊這個法案，指責(zé)法案的通過過于匆忙。但是大勢已定，不可逆轉(zhuǎn)。32.在澳大利亞人口老齡化，延長壽命的技術(shù)和變化看的社會態(tài)度，這些因素都在發(fā)揮作用一一其他的州也會考慮制定相似的關(guān)于安樂死的法律。33.當(dāng)然，例外是存在的。在美國，心胸狹窄的官員，粗魯?shù)膫髡?，和沒有禮貌的出租車司機也并不少見。然而人們常常得出這樣的觀察意見，這使得它值得被討論一下。34.我們生活在一種藥品(毒品)的醫(yī)學(xué)用途和社會用途都很廣泛的社會里：一片用來止

59、頭痛的阿斯匹林，一些用來社交的葡萄酒，早上自己提提神所喝的咖啡，一支用來定神的香煙。35.對藥品的依賴性首先表現(xiàn)為不斷增長的耐藥量，要產(chǎn)生想得到的效果所需要的藥品劑量越來越大，然后表現(xiàn)為當(dāng)停止用藥后，令人不快的停藥癥狀的出現(xiàn)。36.上星期參議員羅博特多爾質(zhì)問時代華納公司的高級管理人員們：“難道這就是你們希望能夠成就的事業(yè)?你們已經(jīng)出賣了自己的靈魂，但是難道你們還非要腐化我們的國家，威脅我們的孩子們嗎?”37.“對任何一個民主社會的考驗，”他在華爾街雜志的一個專欄文章中寫到，“不在于它能夠多有效地控制各種意見的表達，而在于這個社會是否能給予思考和表達的盡可能廣泛的自由，不管有時候這種結(jié)果是多么的

60、富有爭議或令人不快”38.在-上個月的股東大會上關(guān)于搖滾歌詞的討論中，萊文宣稱說：“音樂不是社會問題的原因”，他甚至還以他的兒子為例。他的兒子是紐約州布朗克斯的一個教師，并用說唱音樂與學(xué)生們進行溝通。39.有很多用于描述貨幣政策的詞匯，例如“輕踩剎車”以“操縱經(jīng)濟軟著陸”，使貨幣政策聽起來像是一門精確的科學(xué)。沒有什么比這更遠離實際情況的了。40.經(jīng)濟學(xué)家們對英國和美國的有利的通貨膨脹數(shù)據(jù)尤其感到驚訝，因為傳統(tǒng)的計量方法顯示兩國的經(jīng)濟，特別是美國的經(jīng)濟，幾乎沒有生產(chǎn)蕭條的時候。41.The most thrilling explanation is,unfortunately,a little