高考英語謂語動詞考點(diǎn)歸納

1、高考英語謂語動詞考點(diǎn)歸納最新考點(diǎn)一動詞的分類一、系動詞:用來連接主語和表語,與表語構(gòu)成“系表結(jié)構(gòu)”。高考謂語動詞考點(diǎn)清單講解分類例詞例句 “狀態(tài)”類beHe is a good man.他是個好人。“持續(xù)”類keep, last, remain, stay, lie, standI hope you keep well.我希望你保持健康。The work remains unfinished.該工作尚未完成。“似乎”類seem, appearIt appears that he likes the opera.他似乎喜歡戲劇。“感官”類look, smell, taste, feel, sou

2、ndHe looks nervous and apologetic. 他看上去很緊張且有歉意?！白兂伞鳖恇ecome, grow, go, get, turn, come, fall He became famous as a teacher.他作為一名老師而出名?！白C明”類prove, turn outThe dictionary proves very use-ful.這本詞典證明非常有用。二、助動詞:參與構(gòu)成不同的時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣以及否定、疑問結(jié)構(gòu)。分類功能be幫助現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(be+doing)幫助過去分詞構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)(be+done)與不定式構(gòu)成be to do結(jié)構(gòu),表示將

3、來、命令、征求意見、約定等do,does,did幫助動詞原形構(gòu)成疑問句、否定句幫助動詞原形構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句用來替代動詞have/has/had幫助過去分詞構(gòu)成完成體(have/has/had done)或完成進(jìn)行體(have/has/had been doing)will,shall/would,should幫助動詞原形構(gòu)成一般將來時或過去將來時三、實(shí)義動詞:表示行為、動作。分類用法句型、例詞及物動詞可直接加賓語及物動詞+賓語及物動詞+雙賓語及物動詞+賓語+賓補(bǔ)不及物動詞不可直接加賓語die, occur, happen(發(fā)生),come等延續(xù)性動詞動作可持續(xù)write, work, carry,

4、repair, live, study等非延續(xù)性動詞動作不可持續(xù)stop, die, arrive等詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語。(詳見考點(diǎn)五)考點(diǎn)二動詞的時態(tài)一、一般體1.一般現(xiàn)在時(1)一般現(xiàn)在時的構(gòu)成1)一般現(xiàn)在時主要用動詞的原形表示,如果主語為第三人稱單數(shù),則一般在動詞原形后加-s或-es,其變化規(guī)則如下表所示: 四、情態(tài)動詞:本身有一定的詞義,表示說話者的情緒、態(tài)度或語氣,和動情況規(guī)則例詞一般情況 加-seateats,riserises以s,sh,ch,x,o,z結(jié)尾的動詞加-esdiscussdiscusses teachteaches以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞變y為i再加-escarryc

5、arries flyflies(2)一般現(xiàn)在時的用法用法例句表示現(xiàn)在的經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動作或狀態(tài)We have meals three times a day.我們一日吃三餐。(現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣)He is always ready to help others.他總是樂于助人。(現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài))表示客觀真理、科學(xué)事實(shí)及自然現(xiàn)象。此用法即使出現(xiàn)在過去的語境中,也用一般現(xiàn)在時The sun rises in the east.太陽從東方升起。He said that hydrogen is a light gas.他說氫氣是很輕的氣體。用于以here,there開頭的倒裝句中,一般現(xiàn)在時表示現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的動

6、作或存在的狀態(tài)There goes the bell.鈴響了。Here comes the bus.公共汽車來了。有些動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時可以表示將來(見一般將來時的用法)2)be的變化:am,is,are。3)have的變化:has,have。2.一般過去時(1)一般過去時的構(gòu)成1)一般過去時用動詞的過去式表示,其規(guī)則動詞變化方法如下表所示:情況規(guī)則例詞一般情況 加-edpackpacked以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞 變y為-ied carrycarried以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動詞雙寫輔音字母加-edplanplanned以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動詞直接加-dlikelikedprovidep

7、rovidedplayed;不規(guī)則變化是把y改為id。如:paypaid,saysaid。(2)一般過去時的用法 2)was用于第一、三人稱單數(shù),were用于其他人稱。3)注意:以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞,規(guī)則變化是直接加-ed。如play3.一般將來時 4.過去將來時題組訓(xùn)練單句填空They live(live)in the same building, dont they?I promise I will support(support)you all the time.The plane takes(take)off at 8:00 a.m.I hoped I would find(fin

8、d)a job soon.二、進(jìn)行體1.進(jìn)行體的構(gòu)成(1)考綱對進(jìn)行體所要求掌握的時態(tài):現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時、過去進(jìn)行時、將來進(jìn)行時,它們的構(gòu)成形式分別為:現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時:am/is/are+現(xiàn)在分詞過去進(jìn)行時:was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞將來進(jìn)行時:will/shall+be+現(xiàn)在分詞(2)現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成形式:情況規(guī)則例詞一般情況 加-ingtrytrying以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動詞雙寫輔音字母加-ingregretregrettingbanbanning以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動詞去掉e,加-ing hatehatingdatedating用法例句表示某一時刻正在進(jìn)行的動作或存在的狀態(tài),具有暫時性和未

9、完成性的特點(diǎn)I didnt really work there;I was just helping out un-til the new secretary arrived.我并不在那里上班,我只是去幫忙。新秘書來了,我就離開了。(暫時性)表示某階段正在進(jìn)行的動作或發(fā)生的事情,常與these/those days,this/that week等時間狀語連用We are making model planes these days. 這些天我們在做飛機(jī)模型。(此時此刻不一定在做)表示贊賞、厭惡、遺憾等情緒,常與always, con-tinually,constantly,forever,al

10、l the time等連用He is always thinking of others first.他總是先想到他人。有些動詞的進(jìn)行時可以表示將來(見一般將來時的用法)2.進(jìn)行體的用法 3.有些動詞不用于進(jìn)行體,常見的有:題組訓(xùn)練單句填空Sorry, you cant use my computer. Iam using(use)it now.Iwas watching(watch)TV when you rang me up.At this time tomorrow, Iwill be sitting(sit)at the table.分類例詞感覺類look,smell,feel,sou

11、nd,taste,see, hear情感類like,love,prefer,admire,hate,fear,adore心態(tài)類wish,hope,want,need,believe, understand, remem-ber,forget, agree,know狀態(tài)類appear,lie(位于), remain,belong to, have(一)完成體的構(gòu)成溫馨提示(1)規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞的構(gòu)成方法同過去式的構(gòu)成方法,詳見一般過去時部分“規(guī)則動詞變化方法”。(2)不規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成詳見“附錄二”(不規(guī)則動詞表)部分。時態(tài)形式現(xiàn)在完成時have/has+過去分詞過去完成時had+過去分

12、詞將來完成時will have+過去分詞三、完成體用法例句表示一個動作開始于過去,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(甚至到將來)。常與之連用的時間狀語有:lately,recently, in the last(past)few days/years,since then,up to now,so far(到目前為止)等In the past few years, great changes have taken place in my hometown.在過去的幾年里,我的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大變化。He has written 8 books so far.到現(xiàn)在為止,他已經(jīng)寫了8本書了。表示過去發(fā)生的事情對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的

13、影響。說話者中心在現(xiàn)在,常用的狀語有:already,ever,just(剛剛),yet,before等He has turned off the light.(=The light is off now.)他已經(jīng)關(guān)掉燈了。The concert has already started.(=The concert is on now.)音樂會已經(jīng)開始了。(二)完成體的用法1.現(xiàn)在完成時在“最高級+名詞”或“It/This is+the+序數(shù)詞+time”之后的從句中謂語動詞常用現(xiàn)在完成時This is the first time(that)I have come here.這是我第一次來這里

14、。This is the best tea(that)I have ever drunk.這是我喝過的最好的茶了。have gone to意為“去某地了”,表示此人現(xiàn)在還在那里He has gone to the zoo.他去動物園了。He has gone to live abroad.他到國外居住了。have been to意為“去過某地”,表示此人已經(jīng)回來了Have you ever been to Shanghai?你去過上海嗎?He has been to see his teacher.他去看過他老師了。(已經(jīng)回來)瞬間動詞可以用于完成時態(tài),但不可以接表示一段時間的狀語()He h

15、as finished his work. ()He has finished his work for an hour.溫馨提示(1)瞬間動詞用于現(xiàn)在完成時且與表示一段時間的時間狀語連用時,需在謂語動詞、時態(tài)或句型方面作相應(yīng)變化。如:他參軍3年了。()He has joined the army for 3 years.()He has been in the army for 3 years.(變換動詞)()He joined the army 3 years ago.(變換時態(tài))()It has been/is 3 years since he joined the army.(變換句型

16、)漢語意思瞬間動詞(詞組)延續(xù)性動詞(詞組)買buyhave借borrowkeep結(jié)婚get marriedbe married認(rèn)識get to knowknow離開leavebe away回來come backbe back生病fall illbe ill死亡diebe dead(2)部分瞬間動詞(詞組)與延續(xù)性動詞(詞組)對應(yīng)表關(guān)閉turn offbe off打開turn onbe on動身leave forbe off to返回returnbe back變成becomebe開始beginbe on睡覺go to bedsleep穿put onwear/have on來/去come/gob

17、e in/away參加joinbe a member of感冒catch a coldhave a cold入睡go to sleep/fall asleepbe asleep到達(dá)get to/arrive in(at)/reachbe in用法例句一件事情發(fā)生在過去,而另外一件事情先于它發(fā)生(即表“過去的過去”),那么發(fā)生在前的動作要用過去完成時She had learned some English before she came to the institute.她在來這個機(jī)構(gòu)前已學(xué)過一些英語了。He said that he had been abroad for 3 years.他說

18、他在國外待了3年。表示從過去某一時間開始,一直延續(xù)到過去的另一時間的動作,常用的時間狀語有:by/until/before/by the end of+“表過去的某一時間”By then he had learned English for 3 years.到那時,他已學(xué)了3年英語了。Until then he had known nothing about it yet.到那時為止,他對此仍一無所知。hope,expect,mean,intend,want,suppose 用于過去完成時表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或意圖I had hoped to see more of Shanghai.我本希

19、望在上海多看看。(但未能如愿)2.過去完成時 在“Hardly/Scarcely/Barely.when.”和“No sooner. than.”句型中,when和than 從句用一般過去時,主句用過去完成時,且用倒裝,表示“剛剛就”Hardly/No sooner had I got home when/than the rain poured down.我剛到家,就下起了傾盆大雨。在“It was/had been+一段時間+since 從句”中since從句的謂語用過去完成時It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.我

20、們有10年沒那么高興過了。在“That/It/This was the first/second.time+that 從句”句型中,that 從句的謂語要用過去完成時It was the third time(that)he had made the same mistake.那是他第三次犯同樣的錯誤了。3.將來完成時將來完成時表示到將來某一時間某一動作將會完成,常用的時間狀語為“by+將來的某個時間”。By this time of next year,all of you will have become college students.到明年的這個時候,你們大家就都成為大學(xué)生了。題組訓(xùn)

21、練單句填空Happy birthday! By this time of next year, youwill have turned(turn)18.Ihad thought(think)you would come the next day,but you didnt.This is the first time that hehas passed(pass)the exam.Hardlyhad(have)we started when the car got a flat tyre.1.考綱對完成進(jìn)行體所要求掌握的時態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時,其形式為:have/has+been+doing。2

22、.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時的用法用法例句動作發(fā)生在過去,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在且現(xiàn)在還在進(jìn)行He has been learning English for 6 years.他學(xué)英語已經(jīng)6年了。(強(qiáng)調(diào)到現(xiàn)在還在學(xué))現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時是現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的組合,因此,它既具備現(xiàn)在完成時的特征,又具備現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的特征,如:它具備進(jìn)行體的“未完性、暫時性、感情色彩”的特點(diǎn)It has been raining for 3 days.已經(jīng)下了三天雨了。(強(qiáng)調(diào)說話者“抱怨”的感情色彩)四、完成進(jìn)行體用法例句所謂“主將從現(xiàn)”,即主句表將來(不一定為一般將來時,祈使句、“情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形”也可表將來),從句(包括時間、條件、讓

23、步狀語從句)用現(xiàn)在時(不一定是一般現(xiàn)在時,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時、現(xiàn)在完成時也可在這類從句中表示將來)Whatever you say,I will not change my mind.無論你說什么,我都不會改變主意。If she is still waiting,tell her to go home.如果她還在等,就讓她回家。I will go with you as soon as I have finished my work.我一做完工作就和你一起去。五、動詞時態(tài)的呼應(yīng)1.主將從現(xiàn) 2.含賓語從句的句子的時態(tài)一致問題(1)賓語從句中的動詞時態(tài)常受主句謂語時態(tài)的制約,如果主句謂語為現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r

24、,賓語從句中的謂語可以不受影響。He says (that) (2)如果主句的謂語動詞是過去時,賓語從句的謂語動詞一般需用過去的某種時態(tài),即一般過去時、過去進(jìn)行時、過去完成時、過去完成進(jìn)行時、過去將來時、過去將來進(jìn)行時等。如:注意:(1)當(dāng)主句為過去時,賓語從句有明確的表過去的時間狀語時,可不必用過去完成時而用一般過去時。I knew he was born in 1991.我知道他生于1991年。(2)當(dāng)賓語從句表達(dá)真理時,謂語動詞不必變?yōu)檫^去時,而繼續(xù)采用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。This proved that the earth is round.這證明地球是圓的。題組訓(xùn)練單句填空The teac

25、her told us that the Yangtze Riveroriginates(originate)in Qinghai. He said hewas leaving/would leave(leave)a few days later.用法例句在“would/should/ought to/could/might/neednt/would like to.have done sth.,but.”句型中,but后面的謂語動詞需用一般過去時或過去進(jìn)行時He should have turned up but he had an unexpected visitor.他本應(yīng)該到場,但他有

26、位不速之客。在“But for the fact+that從句”中,that從句的謂語動詞時態(tài)要根據(jù)后面句子謂語動詞所表示的時間而定But for the fact that he is busy now,he would be here.要不是他現(xiàn)在很忙,他就在這里了。It is(high)time+that從句,that從句中謂語動詞需用一般過去時或should+動詞原形It is time that we went/should go to bed.我們該睡覺了。3.含虛擬語氣的句子中的時態(tài)一致問題題組訓(xùn)練單句填空But for the fact that youwere(be)ill,

27、I would have had you print the pa-pers.It is high time that wehad/should have(have)lunch. I would have picked you up at the airport,but Iwas having(have)a meeting then.六、易混時態(tài)的區(qū)別1.一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時的用法區(qū)別一般過去時所表示的一個或一段過去時間是可以具體確定的,與其他時間沒有牽連,它所表示的事情純屬過去;現(xiàn)在完成時說的是現(xiàn)在的情況。比較下面幾組句子,體會兩種時態(tài)的不同: 2.一般過去時和過去完成時的用法區(qū)別(1)一

28、般過去時是指過去的動作或情況,而過去完成時指在過去的一個動作或時間之前發(fā)生的事。He had learned 3,000 English words before he came to this school.他來這個學(xué)校之前就已經(jīng)學(xué)了3,000個英語單詞。(2)過去完成時的時間狀語常用by或before 引導(dǎo)的短語或句子表示,如by that time,by the end of,before 2010,by the time+句子(一般過去時)等。He had finished writing the book by the end of last month.到上個月月底為止,他已經(jīng)寫完

29、這本書了。3.過去完成時與現(xiàn)在完成時的用法區(qū)別兩種時態(tài)都常與表示一段時間的狀語連用,但現(xiàn)在完成時表示的是延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或同現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的動作(句中不可有表示過去特定時間的狀語),而過去完成時表示的是在過去某時之前已經(jīng)完成或延續(xù)到過去某時的動作(句中可有表示過去特定時間的狀語)。比較下面的說法: 題組訓(xùn)練用所給動詞的正確時態(tài)填空The reports went missing in 2012 and nobodyhas seen(see) them since.Im calling about the apartment you advertised (advertise)the other day.C

30、ould you tell me more about it?During the last three decades,the number of people participating in physical fitness programs has increased (increase)sharply.考點(diǎn)三動詞的語態(tài)一、被動語態(tài)1.主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法2.被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成英語中的及物動詞一般都有主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)兩種形式。主動語態(tài)是無標(biāo)記的,而被動語態(tài)則是有標(biāo)記的。被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be+過去分詞”構(gòu)成。助動詞be隨著主語的人稱、數(shù)和句子的時態(tài)、語氣的不同而變化。幾種常見時態(tài)的被

31、動語態(tài)形式見下表:時體現(xiàn)在過去將來過去將來一般體is/am/are donewas/were donewill/shall be donewould be done進(jìn)行體is/am/are being donewas/were being done完成體have/has been donehad been done(will have been done)(would have been done)完成進(jìn)行體3.被動語態(tài)的用法溫馨提示(1)動詞短語在含被動語態(tài)的句子中作謂語時,不可丟掉后面的介詞或副詞。用法例句不知道或沒有必要指明動作的執(zhí)行者Attention, please! A meeti

32、ng will be held in the of-fice at 8:00 a.m. tomorrow.Everyone is expected to attend on time.請注意!明天上午八點(diǎn)在辦公室召開會議。望大家準(zhǔn)時參加。強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動作的承受者The woman was taken to hospital.那位女士被送進(jìn)了醫(yī)院。動作執(zhí)行者被較長的修飾語修飾The idea was supported by those who wished to make much money.想掙許多錢的人們支持那個主意。The plan will be given up.這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃就要被放棄了

33、。Bad habits have been done away with.壞習(xí)慣已經(jīng)改掉了。(2)含情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)形式是:情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞He must be prevented from going.必須阻止他去。The plan ought to be put into practice as soon as possible.這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃應(yīng)該盡早執(zhí)行。(3)“get+過去分詞”可以表示被動,此結(jié)構(gòu)比較口語化。The patient got treated once a week.那位病人一周治療一次。He fell off the car and got killed.他從汽車上

34、掉下來,摔死了。用法例句“系動詞look,sound, feel, smell,taste等+形容詞/名詞”構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)The steel feels cold.鋼摸起來很涼。某些與cant,wont等連用的不及物動詞,如open,shut,move等The door wont shut.這扇門關(guān)不上。某些可和well,easily等副詞連用的不及物動詞,如read, write,draw,wash,clean,cook等Nylon cleans easily.尼龍容易洗干凈。Your article reads very well.你的文章讀起來很不錯。少數(shù)不及物動詞用于進(jìn)行時,其主動形式表

35、示被動含義,如print,cook,sell等The meat is cooking.肉正在燉著。二、主動形式表被動意義注意:“介詞in,on,under 等+名詞”構(gòu)成介詞短語表被動意義。表示方位或目的的介詞與含動作意義的名詞合用,含被動之意,其意義相當(dāng)于該名詞相應(yīng)動詞的被動形式,名詞前一般不用冠詞。常見的有:under control 受控制under treatment 在治療中under repair 在修理中under discussion 在討論中under construction 在施工中beyond belief 令人難以置信beyond ones reach 夠不著beyo

36、nd ones control 無法控制for sale 待售for rent 出租in print 已出版in sight 在視野范圍內(nèi)on sale 出售on show 展出on trial 受審out of control 失去控制 out of sight 在視野范圍外out of ones reach 夠不著out of fashion 不流行The rumor is beyond belief(=cant be believed).那個謠言令人難以置信。Today some treasures are on show(=are being shown)in the museum.今

37、天一些珍寶正在博物館展出。三、不能用于被動語態(tài)的及物動詞或動詞短語:have(有),wish(希望),cost(花費(fèi)),date back to(追溯到),agree with(同意),arrive at/in(到達(dá)),shake hands with(與握手),succeed in(成功),suffer from(遭受),take part in(參加),walk into/enter(走進(jìn)),belong to(屬于) 等。This key just fits the lock.這把鑰匙正好開這把鎖。結(jié)構(gòu)中,用不定式的主動形式表示被動含義。Which driver is to blame

38、for the accident?這次事故是哪個司機(jī)的責(zé)任?This house is to let.這座房子要出租。題組訓(xùn)練單句填空If nothing is done (do),the oceans will turn into fish deserts.Hundreds of jobswill be lost(lose)if the factory closes.A new cinemais being built(build) here.They hope to finish it next month. 四、在be to blame(該受責(zé)備,對某件壞事應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任)與be to let

39、(待出租)兩種考點(diǎn)四主謂一致主謂一致即在句子中謂語動詞的數(shù)必須和主語的數(shù)保持一致。一般可根據(jù)三個原則來確定:用法例句主語是單數(shù),謂語動詞用單數(shù);主語是復(fù)數(shù),謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)The results of the research are to be published soon.研究結(jié)果不久將發(fā)表。復(fù)合不定代詞someone,anyone, everyone, nobody, something, anything, everything,nothing等作主語,謂語動詞用單數(shù)If anyone sees Lisa, ask her to call me.如果有人看到莉薩,請她給我打個電話。Not

40、hing is impossible to a willing heart.世上無難事,只怕有心人。each of+作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式,但“we, you, they或名詞復(fù)數(shù)+each”作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式Each of the students has an apple.這些學(xué)生每人有一個蘋果。(不定代詞Each作主語)The students each have an apple.這些學(xué)生每人有一個蘋果。(The students作主語,each作同位語)一、語法一致 代詞all 作主語:若指人,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù);若指事物或現(xiàn)象,謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)All are equa

41、l before the law.法律面前人人平等。All is well that ends well.結(jié)局好一切都好。不定式、動名詞或從句作主語時,謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)Having to change trains is a small inconvenience.換乘火車多少有些不便。+單數(shù)名詞作主語,謂語動詞用單數(shù)Many a page in this book is missing.這本書缺了許多頁。The whole nation is in deep sorrow.整個國家沉浸在悲痛之中。題組訓(xùn)練單句填空His suggestionhas(have)been accepted.To

42、 say you were ignorant of the rulesis(be)no excuse. How to earn daily bread by my penwas(be)then the problem. 用法例句形式為單數(shù)但意義為復(fù)數(shù)概念的police,cattle等作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)The police have not made any arrests. 警方未逮捕任何人。表示一類人/物的the poor/rich/dead/injured/wounded等和“the+姓氏復(fù)數(shù)”作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)The rich are to help the poor.富人應(yīng)

43、該幫助窮人。The Greens are going to London.格林一家要去倫敦。表示某國人的總稱的the Chinese,the British,the Irish等作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)The Chinese are hard-working.中國人民是勤勞的。諸如maths,physics,politics,news等以“s”結(jié)尾卻表示單數(shù)或不可數(shù)概念的名詞作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)Physics is my favorite subject.物理是我最喜歡的科目。Bad news has wings.壞事傳千里。二、意義一致 單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞sheep,deer,means,

44、works(工廠)等作主語,謂語動詞的數(shù)與實(shí)際意義一致3 sheep are eating grass there.3只羊在那里吃草。A sheep is lying there.有只羊正躺在那里。集體名詞family,class,crew,team,group,public,au-dience,committee,crowd,government等作主語時,謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)要根據(jù)主語所指的意義而定。當(dāng)集體名詞作為一個整體看待時,謂語動詞用單數(shù);如果指其中各個成員時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)The class consists of twenty-five boys and twenty girls.

45、這個班由25個男生和20個女生組成。(強(qiáng)調(diào)class這一整體)The class are doing experiments. 全班學(xué)生正在做實(shí)驗(yàn)。(強(qiáng)調(diào)class里的各個成員)題組訓(xùn)練單句填空 The cattleare(be)eating grass on the hill now.Not every meansis(be)useful.The Englishare(be)proud of their sense of humor.三、就近一致or, either.or., neither.nor.,not only.but also.,not.but.在句子中連接并列主語的時候或者在th

46、ere be句型中,謂語動詞要和離它最近的主語保持一致。Not his parents but he doesnt want to go.不是他的父母不想去而是他不想去。Neither you nor I am wrong.你和我都沒錯。Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday.不僅是學(xué)生,老 師也盼望假期。There is a cup of tea and some apples on the table.桌上有一杯茶和一些蘋果。題組訓(xùn)練單句填空 Are(be)either you or he fit fo

47、r the job?Not you but Iam(be)responsible for this. Are(be)not only the students but also their teacher required to attend the meeting?用法例句兩個單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞用and連接,表示兩個不同的概念時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)Tom and Jack are close friends.湯姆和杰克是親密的朋友。Steam and ice are different forms of water.蒸汽和冰是水的不同形式。兩個單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞用and連接,表示同一人、同一物或

48、同一個概念,或表示不可分的整體時,謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)The singer and dancer is to attend our evening par-ty.那位歌舞演員將參加我們的晚會。被every,each,many a,no等限定的名詞由and連接時,謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)Many a teacher and(many a)student has seen the film.許多老師和學(xué)生看過這部電影。四、主謂一致的幾個難點(diǎn)1.并列主語的主謂一致 一個單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞被幾個用and連接的并列形容詞所修飾時,可以指一件事或幾件事,這種名詞作主語,要根據(jù)意義一致的原則決定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形

49、式Simple and plain living is a fine quality.生活簡樸是一種優(yōu)良的品質(zhì)。English and American literature are appealing to her. 英國文學(xué)和美國文學(xué)都對她有吸引力。由and連接的兩個what從句作主語時,要根據(jù)意義一致的原則決定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式What he says and does do not agree. 他言行不一致。What he says and does does not concern me.他的言行與我無關(guān)。在含“名詞或代詞+with,along with,together wit

50、h,as well as,rather than,but,except或not等+名詞或代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)的句子中,謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)該和第一個名詞或代詞保持一致Tom as well as two of his friends was invited to the party.湯姆以及他的兩個朋友一起被邀請參加聚會了。Nobody but one teacher and three students was in the laboratory.只有一個老師和三個學(xué)生在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里。題組訓(xùn)練單句填空Many a good manhas(have) been destroyed by drink. The wr

51、iter and translatoris(be) delivering a speech in our school now.Tom, not the students,has(have)gone there.Mary, along with her sisters,attends(attend) the conference regularly.2.由兩部分構(gòu)成的表示物體的名詞,如trousers, pants, jeans,glasses, shoes等作主語時,謂語動詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但如果這類名詞前用了a pair of/two/three/.pairs of來修飾,謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)往

52、往取決于pair的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。That pair of compassesis(be)lost.3.數(shù)詞與量詞(+名詞)作主語時的主謂一致 題組訓(xùn)練單句填空Compassesare(be)usually used to draw circles. 用法例句表示時間、重量、距離、價(jià)格、體積等名詞的復(fù)數(shù)作主語時,通常被當(dāng)作整體看待,后接單數(shù)謂語動詞Twenty years is a long time in ones life. 20年在人的一生中是很長的一段時間?！胺?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)、half、the rest或most+of+名詞”作主語時,其謂語動詞需與of后的名詞保持一致About one th

53、ird of the books are worth reading. 這些書中大約有1/3值得一讀。但:Two thirds of the population in China are/is farmers.中國三分之二的人口是農(nóng)民。由“kind/form/type/sort/series.+of+名詞”作主語,其謂語動詞的形式取決于of前的這些詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式This type of buses is now on show. (但Buses of this kind are now on show.)現(xiàn)在正展出這種公共汽車。A number of students are from th

54、e south.不少學(xué)生來自南方。The number of students from the north is small.來自北方的學(xué)生人數(shù)很少。如果主語由“more than one+名詞”構(gòu)成,盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù),但謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式More than one student has failed the exam.不止一個學(xué)生考試不及格。但:More students than one have failed the exam.a quantity of后既可接復(fù)數(shù)名詞,亦可接不可數(shù)名詞,這時謂語動詞都用單數(shù)形式;quantities of后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞、不可數(shù)名詞,后面的謂語動詞

55、都用復(fù)數(shù)形式There is a large quantity of milk.有很多牛奶。A large quantity of books is on sale now.大量圖書現(xiàn)在正在銷售。Great quantities of fish were caught on the high seas.在公海上捕到了大量的魚。With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.由于越來越多的森林被毀,每年有大量的沃土被沖走。題組訓(xùn)練單句填空Ten yea

56、rsis(be) a moment in history.A third of his compositionhas(have) been corrected.A third of his compositionshave(have) been corrected.Some new forms of artare(be)being discussed at the meeting now. 五、定語從句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的主謂一致1.定語從句中的主謂一致定語從句中的謂語動詞在人稱和數(shù)方面應(yīng)該與其先行詞保持一致。I am not the one who is afraid of difficulty.

57、我不是害怕困難的人。Dont choose me, who am not fit for this job.別選擇我,我不適合這個工作。This is one of the novels that have ever been written by Mo Yan.這是莫言所寫的小說之一。She is the only one of the girls who sings well in class.她是班里女生中唯一一個歌唱得很好的女生。2.在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型“It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+其他部分”中,當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是句子主語時,“其他部分”中的謂語動詞應(yīng)和被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語保持一致。I

58、t is I who am a teacher.我才是老師。It is the boys who are responsible for the accident.是這些男孩應(yīng)為這次事故負(fù)責(zé)。 題組訓(xùn)練單句填空He is one of the boys whohave(have)helped me.He is the only one of the boys whohas(have)helped me.考點(diǎn)五情態(tài)動詞一、情態(tài)動詞概述1.情態(tài)動詞的類型(1)只作情態(tài)動詞的有:must,can (could),may (might),ought to(2)可作情態(tài)動詞也可作實(shí)義動詞的有:need,

59、dare(3)可作情態(tài)動詞也可作助動詞的有:shall (should),will (would)(4)具有情態(tài)動詞的某些特征的有:have (had) to,used to2.情態(tài)動詞的特征(1)有一定的詞義,但不能單獨(dú)作謂語,它們要和行為動詞或連系動詞連用,構(gòu)成謂語。(2)適用于主語的各種人稱和數(shù) (have to例外,主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時,要用has to)。We/He must work hard.我們/他一定要努力工作。I have to walk home.我得步行回家。He has to walk home.他得步行回家。(3)后面接動詞原形,即不帶to的不定式 (ought t

60、o,have to,used to本身帶有to)。He may lose his way.他可能會迷路。You ought to obey the law.你應(yīng)該遵守法律。(4)具有助動詞的作用,即可用來構(gòu)成否定句、疑問句及用于簡略答語。I cant swim. Can you swim? 我不會游泳,你會游泳嗎?No, I cant, either.不,我也不會。用法例句can表示現(xiàn)在一般的能力,could表示過去一般的能力,即不表示做與未做某事Mary can speak 3 languages.瑪麗能說3門語言。Tom could sing English songs at the ag