城市與區(qū)域規(guī)劃地理信息系統(tǒng)解決方案

1、 IJb|亠科-jMW41仃即辭fGISSolutionsforUrbanandRegionalPlanningDesigningandMappingtheFutureofYourCommunitywithGIS城市與區(qū)域規(guī)劃地理信息系統(tǒng)解決方案用地理信息系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)和映射未來(lái)的社區(qū)ESRISolutionsDesigningandMappingtheFutureofYourCommunityWithGISESRI公司的解決方案用地理信息系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)和映射你未來(lái)的社區(qū)“Nomatterhowlargeorsmallyourcommunity,asaplanneryoidealwithspatialin

2、formationsuchasparcels,zoning,landuse,addresses,transportationnetworks,andhousingstock.Youalsomonitormultipleurbanandregionalindicators,forecastfuturecommunityneeds,andplanaccordinglytohelpimprovethequalityoflifeinyourcommunity.“無(wú)論你的社區(qū)有多么大或有多么小，作為一個(gè)策劃，你處理空間信息如包裹處理、分區(qū)、土地利用、地址、運(yùn)輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)、和存量房。你也要監(jiān)控多個(gè)城市和地區(qū)的指

3、標(biāo)，預(yù)測(cè)未來(lái)社區(qū)的需求，并制定相應(yīng)的計(jì)劃來(lái)幫助提高你所在的社區(qū)生活質(zhì)量。”MiltonOspina,ESRIUrbanandRegionalPlanningandEconomicDevelopmentSolutionsManager密爾頓奧斯皮納，ESRI城市與區(qū)域規(guī)劃和經(jīng)濟(jì)開(kāi)發(fā)解決方案經(jīng)理Everyday,plannersusegeographicinformationsystem(GIS)technologytoresearch,develop,implement,andmonitortheprogressoftheirplans.GISprovidesplanners,surveyors

4、,andengineerswiththetoolstheyneedtodesignandmaptheirneighborhoodsandcities.Plannershavethetechnicalexpertise,politicalsavvy,andfiscalunderstandingtotransformavisionoftomorrowintoastrategicactionplanfortoday,andtheyuseGIStofacilitatethedecision-makingprocess.每一天，規(guī)劃人員使用地理信息系統(tǒng)(GIS)技術(shù)進(jìn)行研究、開(kāi)發(fā)、實(shí)施以及監(jiān)控他們的進(jìn)度

5、計(jì)劃。地理信息系統(tǒng)提供了規(guī)劃師，測(cè)量師，和他們所需要的工具工程師去設(shè)計(jì)和映射街區(qū)和城市。規(guī)劃師有技術(shù)專長(zhǎng)、政治頭腦，并將財(cái)政的理解一個(gè)視覺(jué)明天變?yōu)榻裉斓膽?zhàn)略行動(dòng)計(jì)劃，他們使用地理信息系統(tǒng)以方便決策過(guò)程。Plannershavealwaysbeeninvolvedindevelopingcommunitieseveryonewouldwanttocallhome.Originally,thismeantdesigningandmaintainingcitiesandcountiesthroughlanduseregulationandinfrastructuresupport.Agenciesh

6、avehadtobalancetheneedsofresidentialneighborhoods,agriculturalareas,andbusinessconcerns.Now,inadditiontothatcomplexchallenge,localgovernmentsmustfactorintothesedecisionstherequirementsofagrowinglistofregional,state,andfederalagenciesaswellasspecialinterestgroups.一直參與社區(qū)發(fā)展的規(guī)劃者每一個(gè)人都想打電話回家。最初，這意味著設(shè)計(jì)和維護(hù)市

7、、縣通過(guò)土地利用管理和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施支持。機(jī)構(gòu)不得不平衡住宅區(qū)、農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)，和企業(yè)的關(guān)注的需要?，F(xiàn)在，除這些復(fù)雜的挑戰(zhàn)之外，地方政府必須考慮越來(lái)越多的國(guó)家清單的要求和聯(lián)邦機(jī)構(gòu)以及特殊利益集團(tuán)這些決定因素。Rapidlychangingeconomicconditionshavefurthercomplicatedtheprocessbythreateningthefundingneededtocarryoutthesefunctions.Todate,localgovernmentshavebeenrightsizedanddownsizedandhavehadbudgetsdrasticallycut

8、whiletryingtomaintainservicelevels.Informationtechnology,especiallyGIS,hasprovencrucialinhelpinglocalgovernmentscopeinthisenvironment迅速變化的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況通過(guò)威脅履行這些職能所需的資金流程變得更加復(fù)雜。到目前為止，當(dāng)?shù)卣呀?jīng)通過(guò)裁員和有預(yù)算大幅削減而試圖保持服務(wù)水平。信息技術(shù)，特別是地理信息系統(tǒng)，已經(jīng)證明成為幫助當(dāng)?shù)氐恼畱?yīng)對(duì)這種環(huán)境的關(guān)鍵。ESRIsoftwaresolutionshelpplanning,buildingandsafety,publicwork

9、s,andengineeringprofessionalsmeetorexceedthesedemands.ESRIsoftwareisthenumberonechoiceoflocalgovernmentsformappingandanalysis.UsingGISsoftwarefromESRI,planningagencieshavediscoveredhowtraditionaltaskscanbeperformedmoreefficientlyandtaskspreviouslyimpracticalorimpossiblecanbeeasilyaccomplished.ESRI軟件

10、解決方案幫助規(guī)劃、建設(shè)和安全、公共工程與工程人員達(dá)到或超過(guò)這些要求。ESRI軟件是第一個(gè)地方政府選擇的映射和分析。利用ESRIGIS軟件，規(guī)劃部門已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了如何將傳統(tǒng)的任務(wù)更有效地在進(jìn)行不切實(shí)際或不可能的任務(wù)之前可以很容易地完成。BenefitsofusingGISinlocalgovernmentincludethefollowing:GIS應(yīng)用于當(dāng)?shù)卣暮锰幇ㄒ韵聝?nèi)容：Increaseefficiency.Savetime.Generaterevenue.Providedecisionsupport.Improveaccuracy.Manageresources.Automatetas

11、ks.Savemoney.Increaseaccesstogovernment.Enhancepublicparticipation.Promotegreatercollaborationamongpublicagencies提咼效率。產(chǎn)生收入。提高精度。自動(dòng)執(zhí)行任務(wù)。增加獲得政府。節(jié)省時(shí)間。提供決策支持。管理資源。省錢。提高公眾參與。促進(jìn)各公共機(jī)構(gòu)更大的合作。“Urbanandregionalplanningunderliestheveryfabricofsocietyasweknowittoday.Withoutplanningandforesight,ourcities,towns,ru

12、ralareas,andresidentialcommunitieswillnotrunefficiently.Whilecommunitiestodayfacemanychallenges,someofthem,suchaspollutionandtraffic,canbeaddressedbycarefulandcreativeplanning.Itistheplannersjobtoaddresssuchproblemsandprovideviablesolutionsfortodayandthefuture.”“就我們今天所知道的以城市與區(qū)域規(guī)劃的社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)為基礎(chǔ)。沒(méi)有規(guī)劃和遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn),我們的

13、城市，城鎮(zhèn)，農(nóng)村住宅社區(qū)，并不能有效地運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。而社區(qū)今天面臨著許多挑戰(zhàn)，其中一些，像污染和交通，可以通過(guò)仔細(xì)和創(chuàng)造性的規(guī)劃解決。這是策劃者的工作去解決累似這樣的問(wèn)題以及今天和未來(lái)提供可行的解決方案?！盌r.ChristopherPettitPostdoctoralResearchFellow,RMITUniversity,MelbourneAustralia克里斯托弗博士佩蒂特博士后研究員，坎培門高等技術(shù)學(xué)院，墨爾本澳大利亞2UrbanandRegionalPlanning城市和區(qū)域規(guī)劃HelpingDesignTomorrowsCitiesToday今天幫助設(shè)計(jì)未來(lái)的城市Planningsee

14、mssimpleenough:designtheidealcommunityandensureregulationssupportdesigngoals.Realityisfarmorecomplex.Today,city,community,andregionalplanningmeansdealingwithconstantchange.Planningprofessionalshavethetechnicalexpertise,politicalsavvy,andfiscalunderstandingtotranslateavisionoftomorrowintoastrategicac

15、tionplanfortoday.Requirementshandeddownfromfederalandstateregulatoryagencies,regionalboards,andanincreasinglyactivepublichavemadethisjobevenmorechallenging.計(jì)劃看起來(lái)很簡(jiǎn)單:設(shè)計(jì)理想社會(huì)和確保法規(guī)支持設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo)的?，F(xiàn)實(shí)情況更加復(fù)雜。今天城市、社區(qū)、和區(qū)域規(guī)劃方法處理都在不斷變化。規(guī)劃專業(yè)人士用專業(yè)技術(shù)、政治頭腦和財(cái)政理解將明天的愿景變成今天的戰(zhàn)略行動(dòng)計(jì)劃。要求從聯(lián)邦和各州監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)、地區(qū)董事會(huì)傳下來(lái)的，越來(lái)越多主動(dòng)公開(kāi)了這項(xiàng)工作更具挑戰(zhàn)性。Li

16、terallythousandsoflocalgovernmentorganizations,andplanningagenciesinparticular，haveembracedGIStoolsfromESRIasameansofmeetingthesedemandswhiledealingwithlimitedfundingandstaffing.數(shù)千家當(dāng)?shù)卣M織，特別是策劃?rùn)C(jī)構(gòu)，已經(jīng)從這些ESRI公司的會(huì)議在處理有限的資金和人員的要求時(shí)接受了GIS工具。FrontCounterServiceandCurrentPlanning總臺(tái)服務(wù)和當(dāng)前的計(jì)劃GISpromotesagoodpub

17、licimageofaplanningdepartment.EquippedwithGIStoolsfromESRI，staffmemberscanquicklyaccessinformationonparcelmaps，suchasenvironmentallysensitiveareas，andallmattersconcerningtheimplementationofzoning,permitstatus,andotherplanninginformation.GIS規(guī)劃部門促進(jìn)了良好的公眾形象。從ESRI配備了GIS幾何工具，員工可以從包裹地圖上快速訪問(wèn)信息，像這些環(huán)境敏感地區(qū)，所有

18、的問(wèn)題就是關(guān)心實(shí)施分區(qū)，允許狀態(tài),和其他的計(jì)劃ComprehensivePlanning綜合規(guī)劃PlannersuseGIStoprepareplans，whichsetthestandardforpolicydecisionsregardinglong-rangechangestoacommunitysphysicalenvironment.PlannersmakeuseofGIStosmooththeprogressofcitizenparticipationandcommunityinputastheydevelopavisionforthecommunitythatenhancesth

19、equalityoflifeforallcitizens.ESRIGIStoolshelpplannersanalyzeproblemsmorequicklyandthoroughly，formulatesolutions，andmonitorprogresstowardlong-termgoalsforthecommunity.規(guī)劃者使用GIS準(zhǔn)備計(jì)劃，設(shè)立標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的政策來(lái)決定關(guān)于遠(yuǎn)程改變一個(gè)社會(huì)的物理環(huán)境。規(guī)劃者利用GIS緩和公民參與的過(guò)程和輸入時(shí)開(kāi)發(fā)社區(qū)的愿景，為所有公民提高生活質(zhì)量。ESRIGIS工具幫助決策者分析問(wèn)題更迅速?gòu)氐?制定解決方案，并為社區(qū)長(zhǎng)期監(jiān)控進(jìn)展目標(biāo)。PlanningAg

20、encies規(guī)劃?rùn)C(jī)構(gòu)GISisalsousedatplanningagenciestoconductenvironmentalreviewofprojects;developmentreview,analysis,andcompliance;historicpreservation;andredevelopment,aswellasregionalplanning,asmoreplanningagenciesseektocoordinateplanningeffortstominimizenegativeimpactsonneighboringcommunities.Inmanycases,p

21、lanningagenciesarealsousingGISWebservicestocoordinateplanningandeconomicdevelopmentinitiatives.GIS也用于規(guī)劃?rùn)C(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行環(huán)境評(píng)估項(xiàng)目;發(fā)展回顧、分析和合規(guī);保護(hù)歷史古跡;和重建，以及區(qū)域規(guī)劃，隨著越來(lái)越多的規(guī)劃?rùn)C(jī)構(gòu)尋求協(xié)調(diào)規(guī)劃努力減少負(fù)面影響相鄰社區(qū)。在許多情況下，規(guī)劃?rùn)C(jī)構(gòu)也使用GISWeb服務(wù)協(xié)調(diào)計(jì)劃和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展計(jì)劃。ItisnowonderthatESRIssoftwaresolutionshavebeenadoptedbymoreplanningagenciesthananyotherGISsof

22、tware.Byintegratingandorganizinginformationspatially，plannerscangetabroadviewofthecurrentsituationandmoreaccuratelyassessthefuture.GISsoftwarecananalyzemorescenariosmorequickly，givingdecisionmakersmorechoices.難怪ESRI公司的軟件解決方案已經(jīng)比其他任何GIS軟件采用了更多的計(jì)劃?rùn)C(jī)構(gòu)。通過(guò)集成和組織空間信息，規(guī)劃者可以廣泛的了解現(xiàn)狀及更準(zhǔn)確的評(píng)估未來(lái)oGIS軟件可以分析更快更多的場(chǎng)景，給予

23、決策者更多的選擇。GISplanningsolutionscanbeusedforGIS規(guī)劃解決方案可用于CommunitybaseddesignandplanningEconomicdevelopmentSmartgrowthImprovingthequalityoflifeCreatingbettercommunitiesforfuturegenerationsCreatinglivablecommunitiesPlanningservicesUrbanandregionalplanningBrownfieldsredevelopment以社區(qū)為基礎(chǔ)的設(shè)計(jì)和規(guī)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展智能增長(zhǎng)改善生活質(zhì)量

24、為未來(lái)創(chuàng)造更好的社區(qū)創(chuàng)建宜居社區(qū)規(guī)劃服務(wù)城市和區(qū)域規(guī)劃褐色土地再開(kāi)發(fā)LearnmoreaboutGISforplanningat HYPERLINK /planning /planning.了解更多關(guān)于GIS規(guī)劃在 HYPERLINK /planning /planningWorldTownPlanningDay世界城市規(guī)劃日WhileyouarecelebratingGISDayTMthisNovember,whynotcelebrateWorldTownPlanningDay,too?SponsoredintheUnitedStatesbytheAmericanPlanningAssoci

25、ation(APA)anditsprofessionalinstitute,theAmericanInstituteofCertifiedPlanners(AICP),WorldTownPlanningDayiscelebratedin30countriesonfourcontinentseachNovember.Itisaspecialdaytorecognizeandpromotetheroleofplanningincreatinglivablecommunities.ThisNovember,planajointGISDay/WorldTownPlanningDayeventwithi

26、nyourorganization,school,orcommunity!GIStechnologycombinedwithresponsibleplanningcanhelpyouasacitizencontributetoasustainablestrategyforthefutureofyourcommunity.Formoredetails,visit HYPERLINK and HYPERLINK /worldtown/ /worldtown/.當(dāng)你在今年11月慶祝GISDayTM,為什么不一起慶祝世界城市規(guī)劃日?美國(guó)規(guī)劃協(xié)會(huì)(APA)贊助及其專業(yè)研究所美國(guó)注冊(cè)規(guī)劃師協(xié)會(huì)會(huì)員,世界城

27、市規(guī)劃日是在11月慶祝四大洲的30個(gè)國(guó)家。這是特別的一天來(lái)識(shí)別和促進(jìn)宜居社區(qū)計(jì)劃創(chuàng)建。今年11月,在您的組織、學(xué)校或社區(qū)計(jì)劃聯(lián)合GIS的一天/世界城市!GIS技術(shù)結(jié)合負(fù)責(zé)任的計(jì)劃可以幫助你作為公民為你的社區(qū)未來(lái)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的策略做出貢獻(xiàn)。更多的細(xì)節(jié)訪問(wèn) HYPERLINK and HYPERLINK /worldtown/ /worldtown/.3IntegratedWebServicesandGISforE-Government集成的Web服務(wù)和GIS在電子政務(wù)中應(yīng)用E-governmentisusingtheInternetandGIStocreatemoreeffectivegovern

28、ment.ThecombinationofreadilyavailableInternetaccessandmapsletsgovernmentsprovideanewlevelofservicetobothbusinessesandthepublic.Itismakingcollaborationbetweengovernmentagenciespossibleinnewandpowerfulways.ThestrongdataintegrationabilitiesofGISletgovernmentstrulycapitalizeondataexistinginlegacysystems

29、.電子政務(wù)是使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和GIS來(lái)創(chuàng)建更有效的政府?，F(xiàn)成的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)接入和地圖的結(jié)合讓政府給企業(yè)和公眾提供一個(gè)新的服務(wù)水平。這使政府機(jī)構(gòu)之間合作的方式變得全新而強(qiáng)大。GIS的強(qiáng)大的數(shù)據(jù)集成能力讓政府真正的在現(xiàn)有的遺留系統(tǒng)中利用數(shù)據(jù)。GIS-enabledWebsitescanprovideservices,suchasonlinemapping,feepayment,andapplicationsubmission,thatwerenotpreviouslyavailable.Threecategoriesofe-governmentapplicationshavedeveloped:governm

30、enttobusiness,governmenttocitizens,andgovernmenttogovernment.GIS-enabled網(wǎng)站可以提供如在線地圖、費(fèi)用支付，和應(yīng)用程序提交的服務(wù)，在此之前是沒(méi)有的。三個(gè)類別的電子政務(wù)應(yīng)用程序開(kāi)發(fā):政府到商業(yè),政府公民、政府和政府。Government-to-businessapplicationstypicallyrelatetoeconomicdevelopment,landdevelopment,licensing,orpermitting.政府到商業(yè)應(yīng)用程序通常涉及到經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,土地開(kāi)發(fā)、授權(quán)或允許。Government-to-citi

31、zenapplicationsprovideinformationongovernmentservice,suchastrashpickup,orstreamlinethepublicsinteractionwithgovernmentagenciesbyallowingonlinepaymentoffeesorprovidingfeedbackonlanduseplanstoofficials.政府到公民應(yīng)用程序提供政府信息服務(wù),如垃圾清運(yùn)或簡(jiǎn)化公眾與政府機(jī)構(gòu)的互動(dòng)通過(guò)允許的在線支付的費(fèi)用或給官員提供反饋在陸地上使用的計(jì)劃。Government-to-governmentapplicatio

32、nsimprovetheamount,quality,andspeedofinformationexchangeamongvariouslevelsofgovernmentand/oragenciesanddepartmentswithingovernments.Bettercommunicationhelpsgovernmentsuseresourcesmorewiselybyavoidingduplicationofeffortandallowsagenciestoworktogethertotacklelarge-scaleplanningproblemsorrespondtoemerg

33、encies.政府間應(yīng)用提高各級(jí)政府之間或政府機(jī)構(gòu)和部門信息交換的速度和數(shù)量,質(zhì)量。更好的溝通幫助政府更明智地使用資源,避免重復(fù)的工作以及允許機(jī)構(gòu)共同努力,解決大規(guī)模規(guī)劃問(wèn)題或應(yīng)對(duì)突發(fā)事件。ConcordsWebGISInternetmappingsolutionallowsuserstosearchforanypropertyintownbyaddress,ownername,orparcelID.Information,suchasparcelsize,zoning,ownernameandaddress,andassessedvalue,isavailable.康科德WebGIS的網(wǎng)絡(luò)映

34、射解決方案允許用戶搜索任何財(cái)產(chǎn)在城里的地址，主人的名字，或包裹ID信息，如包裹大小、分區(qū)、所有者的姓名和地址，以及可用的評(píng)估價(jià)值。XplorerisdesignedasasimplebutfunctionalapplicationthatplacesspecialemphasisontheprovisionofpublicaccesstocouncilandpropertyinformationforthebenefitofthecitizensofUpperHuttCity，NewZealand.Xplorer的目的是做一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單但是功能強(qiáng)大的應(yīng)用程序,特別強(qiáng)調(diào)為新西蘭赫特城市的公民的利益提供

35、公共訪問(wèn)委員會(huì)和財(cái)產(chǎn)信息。VWJ3landMsnnrNortliwcatWFRAMomRlin-g片goWpFPFj-r2|.ixfrKstike?hl*=a.w託drl-s.3nwdr.e-hmf,fri卜writ擊mmrtartTI*dndilWr盯w*wriffiM亦ps-wJBfiikuaiLi二kirlfcrFiJl*nkvtqiI*Cinh.i3料ruMJutMi詁胛fmnMpdkLAdlM(TLlhed*Lo3feiEdbxe:oo.B4M-rlkHrrWlSiitnk.fli*IifriVr*1.!*iIiHir.-T1IUiilPirillI-irrtiTheU.S.Bure

36、auofLandManagement(BLM)usesArcSDEandArcIMSformanagementpurposesandtofacilitatepublicparticipationinthelanduseplanningprocess.E-GovforPlanningandNationalEnvironmentalPolicyActof1969(NEPA)project,or“ePlanning,”isaprojectinitiativethatfocusesonthedeliveryofplanninginformationconsistingoffullyintegrated

37、textwithintelligentandinteractivemapsandmaplayers.Bydoingso,BLMleveragesinformationtechnology(IT),especiallytheapplicationoftheWorldWideWeb,tocreatemoreefficientbusinesspracticesandencourageanopenandcollaborativeprocess.美國(guó)土地管理局(BLM)使用AreSDE和ArcIMS用于管理和促進(jìn)公眾參與土地利用規(guī)劃的過(guò)程。電子政務(wù)的規(guī)劃和國(guó)家1969年環(huán)境政策法(NEPA)項(xiàng)目，或“e

38、Planning”，是一個(gè)項(xiàng)目計(jì)劃專注于交付計(jì)劃信息組成的完全整合文本智能和互動(dòng)地圖和地圖層。通過(guò)這樣做,BLM利用信息技術(shù)(IT)，尤其是萬(wàn)維網(wǎng)的應(yīng)用，創(chuàng)建更有效的業(yè)務(wù)實(shí)踐，鼓勵(lì)開(kāi)放和協(xié)作過(guò)程。4CaseStudyCharleston，SouthCarolina案例學(xué)習(xí)查爾斯頓，南卡羅來(lái)納UsingImageryandGISforTrackingUrbanGrowthAlongSouthCarolinasCoast.利用影像和GIS跟蹤沿南卡羅來(lái)納海岸城市的發(fā)展。Thetri-countyregionofCharleston,SouthCarolina,composedofBerkeley,

39、Charleston,andDorchestercounties,coversabout1.7millionacres(almost10percentofthestateslandarea).Inthelast10years,theregionhasexperiencedtremendousurbanexpansion,with95percentofthestatespopulationgrowthresultingfromincreasedcoastalaccessviaInterstate95.Withtheemphasisonattractingmoreindustryandbusine

40、sstoboostthelocaleconomyandthestatesexpectedpopulationincreasefrom3.5millionto4.5millionby2010,localandregionalplannerswereinterestedinbalancingtheenvironmentalconcernsofthisfragilecoastalregionwitheconomicneeds.南卡羅來(lái)納的查爾斯頓tri-county地區(qū)，由查爾斯頓,伯克利和多爾切斯特縣組成，覆蓋面積達(dá)170萬(wàn)英畝(約10%的土地面積)。在過(guò)去十年,該地區(qū)經(jīng)歷了巨大的城市擴(kuò)張,伴隨著

41、95%的人口增長(zhǎng)造成訪問(wèn)沿海95號(hào)州際公路的增加。重點(diǎn)吸引更多行業(yè)和業(yè)務(wù)推動(dòng)當(dāng)?shù)氐慕?jīng)濟(jì)和國(guó)家的人口在2010年從350萬(wàn)增長(zhǎng)到450萬(wàn),當(dāng)?shù)睾偷貐^(qū)規(guī)劃者對(duì)平衡環(huán)境很感興趣擔(dān)憂這個(gè)脆弱的沿海地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)需求。In1994,theNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration(NASA)officeofMissiontoPlanetEarth(MTPE),awardedaresearchgrant(NAGW-4014)totheSouthCarolinaDepartmentofNaturalResources(SCDNR),theUniversityofSouth

42、Carolina,GeorgiaTechResearchInstitute,andtheGeorgiaWildlifeFederation(GWF)tousesatelliteimageryforstudyingtherateofdevelopmentinthemetropolitanCharlestonarea;SouthCarolina;andSavannah,Georgia.Thegoalofthestudywastoidentify,document,andcommunicatetherateofurbanchangetosupporteffectivelandplanningdeci

43、sionsinthefuture.1994年,美國(guó)國(guó)家航空和宇宙航行局(NASA)的任務(wù)是星球(MTPE)，南卡羅來(lái)納自然資源部(SCDNR)獲得研究格蘭特(nagw-4014)科研資助，佐治亞理工學(xué)院研究所，喬治亞州野生動(dòng)物協(xié)會(huì)(GWF)使用衛(wèi)星圖像研究查爾斯頓地區(qū)；南卡羅來(lái)納州；薩凡納，格魯吉亞的發(fā)展速度。這項(xiàng)研究的目標(biāo)是識(shí)別、文檔，和溝通城市變化的速率來(lái)支持未來(lái)有效的土地規(guī)劃的決策。Afterimagerywasselectedandcompiled，threeclassesoflandcoverwater，nonurban，andurbanwereidentifiedandverifi

44、ed.Inthefinal12classificationmaps，changedetectionwasperformedtoidentifyurbangrowthinthecoastalzone.在意象選擇和編譯后，對(duì)三個(gè)土地覆蓋類-水、非城市土地和城市土地進(jìn)行識(shí)別驗(yàn)證。在最后的12個(gè)分類地圖，變化檢測(cè)應(yīng)用于識(shí)別在沿海地帶城市增長(zhǎng)。Thechangedataconfirmedthaturbanexpansionintheregionincreased255percentoverthetwodecadesofthestudy(or6.2timesfasterthanpopulationgrow

45、th，whichoccurredat41percent)，increasingfrom45，150to160，232acres.數(shù)據(jù)改變證實(shí)，該地區(qū)的城市擴(kuò)張?jiān)谶@20年的研究中增加了255%(或6.2倍超過(guò)人口增長(zhǎng)速度，達(dá)到41%)，從45150增長(zhǎng)到160232英畝。Primarygrowthoccurredinresidentialneighborhoods,nearmajortransportationcorridors,andalongtheprominentriversystemsincloseproximitytofragileestuarinemarshes.Theurbanco

46、reoftheCharlestonpeninsulasawdensificationofbuildings,andthebarrierislandsexpandedwithdevelopmentssuchasresorts,golfcourses,andbeachfronthomes.主要增長(zhǎng)發(fā)生在居民區(qū)，主要交通走廊附近,和著名的河沿岸系統(tǒng)在脆弱的河口濕地附近。查爾斯頓半島城市的核心是致密化建筑和障壁島擴(kuò)大與發(fā)展如度假村、高爾夫球場(chǎng)和海濱房。Finally,theBerkeley,Charleston,andDorchesterCouncilofGovernments(BCDCOG)isbu

47、ildingonthisprojectbydevelopingaproposalfundedundertheTransportationandCommunityandSystemPreservation(TCSP)ProgramaspartoftheTransportationEquityActforthe21stcentury(TEA-21)tolinktransportationandotherinfrastructureandlanduseplanning.最后,伯克利、查爾斯頓和多爾切斯特議會(huì)政府(BCDCOG)上通過(guò)開(kāi)發(fā)一個(gè)運(yùn)輸和資助社區(qū)和系統(tǒng)保護(hù)(TCSP)程序作為一部分21世紀(jì)(

48、TEA-21)交通公平法案提議建立這個(gè)項(xiàng)目將交通，其他基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和土地使用規(guī)劃聯(lián)系在一起ThefinalreportandimagemapsweremadeavailabletothepubliconaROM.TheBCDCOGincorporatedtheimageryandchangedataintoitsArcViewdatabasetoassistlocalplannersinidentifyinglandusetrendsanddevelopablelandandtocreatemoreaccuratebasemaps.Theprojectsuccessfullyproducedthe

49、firstmultitemporalimagedatabaseforusebylocalandregionalplannersinthearea.最終報(bào)告和圖像映射在cd-rom上向公眾發(fā)布。BCDCOG把圖像和數(shù)據(jù)改變傳入ArcView數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)協(xié)助當(dāng)?shù)匾?guī)劃者識(shí)別土地利用趨勢(shì)和可發(fā)展的土地以及創(chuàng)建更準(zhǔn)確視頻。這個(gè)項(xiàng)目成功的產(chǎn)生第一個(gè)多瞬時(shí)圖像數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)以便地方和區(qū)域規(guī)劃者的使用。BenefitsAssistsplannersinidentifyinglandusetrendsanddevelopablelandareasProvidesdecisionsupportSavestimePromotes

50、enterpriseorsystemwideuseofGISdataandtechnologyIncreasesaccuracy優(yōu)點(diǎn)協(xié)助規(guī)劃者識(shí)別土地利用趨勢(shì)和可開(kāi)發(fā)土地和地區(qū)提供決策支持節(jié)省時(shí)間利用GIS數(shù)據(jù)和技術(shù)促進(jìn)企業(yè)或全系統(tǒng)提高準(zhǔn)確性CaseStudyMadridmdrid,Spain案例分析西班牙馬德里MadridUsesGIStoMeetGovernmentRegulation.馬德里使用GIS來(lái)滿足政府（管理）監(jiān)管AccordingtoSpanishlaw,everycitymusthaveaGeneralUrbanManagementPlan.Suchaplandefinest

51、herulesforexpandingacityanditsinfrastructureinfrstmkt/,forbuildingrealestateistet,andforprotectinghistoricalareas.Afterassessingitsexistingplan,thecityofMadriddeterminedthatinordertorealistically,rilistiklimeetthismandatem至ndet,theyneededanelaborateiI至brtnewplan.根據(jù)西班牙法律，每個(gè)城市都必須有一個(gè)整體的城市管理計(jì)劃。這樣的計(jì)劃為擴(kuò)大城

52、市及其基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，為構(gòu)建房地產(chǎn)，為了保護(hù)歷史街區(qū)定義了規(guī)則。Afterassessingitsexistingplan在評(píng)估其現(xiàn)有的計(jì)劃之后，馬德里的決定：為了現(xiàn)實(shí)滿足這個(gè)要求，他們需要一個(gè)精心制作的新計(jì)劃。Themethodologyme0d。ldiofdevelopingthenewplanwasmuchdifferentthanthedevelopmentoftheoldone.Thistime,mapsusedforconstructingtheplanweretobespatiallydigitizedandofferedonCD-ROMaswellasviatheInternet.開(kāi)

53、發(fā)新計(jì)劃的方法和發(fā)展舊計(jì)劃不同。這次,地圖用于構(gòu)建空間數(shù)字化提供在光碟上以及通過(guò)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)傳播的計(jì)劃。Thecityalsowantedtoimproveitscustomerresponsetime.Theoldsystem,PublicServices,whichoffereddetailedcityinformation,couldprovideconsultationk。nsltei/（）ntoonlythreepeopleaday,creatingabackloginmeetingconferencedemands.這個(gè)城市也想改善客戶的響應(yīng)時(shí)間。舊的系統(tǒng),公共服務(wù),提供了詳細(xì)的城市信息

54、,可以提供僅僅三個(gè)人一天的咨詢,創(chuàng)造一個(gè)滿足會(huì)議需求的積壓。Theneedtoupdatetheoldplanwastheimpetusimpitsforadministratorstoconsiderhownewtechnicalinformationsystemscouldhelp.TheadministratorsdecidedtoadoptasophisticatedsfistiketidGISsystemthatwouldnotonlyservetheimmediateneedofplandevelopmentbutalsooperatethatplaninthenextcentur

55、y.更新舊的計(jì)劃的需求是推動(dòng)管理員去考慮新技術(shù)的信息系統(tǒng)如何起到幫助作用。管理員決定去采納（采用）一個(gè)高級(jí)的（精致的；尖端的；復(fù)雜的）GIS系統(tǒng),不僅服務(wù)于計(jì)劃發(fā)展的迫切需求，同時(shí)在下個(gè)世紀(jì)運(yùn)營(yíng)該計(jì)劃。Oncetheplanwassubmittedandapproved,ithadtobeexecuteceksikju:tid.Tomeetthelegalframeworkofitsschemeski:m,thecityneededaGISthatcouldupdateinformationdailyandmakeitavailabletomorethan20districtoffices.A

56、corporateko:peretdatabasewascreatedusingESRIsArcSDE.Arclnfowasselectedtoconvertinformationcontainedinhundredsofcomputer-aideddesign(CAD)files,createtopologytepDledi,andverifythedatasaccuracy空jresi.這個(gè)計(jì)劃一旦被提交和批準(zhǔn),它必須被執(zhí)行。為了滿足這個(gè)計(jì)劃的法律體制,這個(gè)城市需要一個(gè)GIS可以每天更新信息,保證站內(nèi)提供的超過(guò)20個(gè)地區(qū)辦事處。一個(gè)使用ESRI的ArcSDE總公司數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)被創(chuàng)建。Arclnf

57、o被選擇去轉(zhuǎn)換包含在成百上千的計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)(CAD)文件信息,創(chuàng)建拓?fù)?并驗(yàn)證數(shù)據(jù)準(zhǔn)確性。Thedatabasebecamearepositoryofvitalinformationthatwasquicklyadoptedbymorethan1,000users.數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)成為重要信息的存儲(chǔ)庫(kù),并且很快被超過(guò)1000的用戶所采用。WhileaccesstoinformationisimportantinaGIS,itmustalsobefunctionalininteractingwithagencies.Thisgoalwasachievedbydevelopingapplicationsb

58、asedonVisualBasic,MapObjects,ArcView,andMapObjectsInternetMapServerapplicationsforviewinginformationmanagedbyArcSDEandOracle.Thefunctionalityofferedtousersincludedviewingandprintingthematicmaps,zoominginandout,measuringdistances,makingqueriesandselections,andexportingandimportingdatatodifferentfilef

59、ormats.雖然在GIS中獲取信息是很重要的，它還必須與各機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行功能性的互動(dòng)。這個(gè)目標(biāo)是通過(guò)開(kāi)發(fā)應(yīng)用程序完成的(由ArcSDE和Oracle管理的用于查看信息基于VisualBasic,MapObjectsArcView和MapObjects互聯(lián)網(wǎng)地圖服務(wù)器應(yīng)用程序)。向用戶提供的功能包括查看和打印專題地圖,放大或縮小,測(cè)量距離,用于查詢和選擇,并將數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)出和導(dǎo)入到不同的文件格式。Allapplicationsuseacontinuousmapwithtransparentaccesstoinformationcontainedinmaps,tables,andrasterfiles.Th

60、eusercanaccesstheinformationbylinkingaddresses,mapsheets,orthenameofapropertysuchasaschooloraparticularzoningarea.所有應(yīng)用程序使用一個(gè)透明的連續(xù)映射訪問(wèn)包含在地圖、表、和柵格文件中的信息。用戶可以通過(guò)鏈接地址，圖幅名稱或者屬性的名稱例如一所學(xué)?；蛘咭粋€(gè)特定的分區(qū)面積訪問(wèn)信息。ThecityofMadridsplansuccessfullymeetsthecriteriasetbytheGeneralUrbanManagementPlanlaw.Cityofficialsworkwi