【精品】高中非謂語動詞--不定式課件(共144張PPT)

1、非謂語動詞講解Nonfinite Verbs2 什么是非謂 語動詞?。?“非謂語非謂語”,就是不是謂語的動詞唄!那不是謂語是什么呢？。1.謂語動詞：概述：2. 非謂語詞：在句子中擔(dān)任謂語的動詞 是動詞的特殊形式，在句中可以作除謂語外的所有成分(通俗地說，就是不能作謂語的動詞變形）實義動詞系動詞助動詞情態(tài)動詞非謂語動詞動名詞(doing)分詞現(xiàn)在分詞(doing)過去分詞(done)動詞不定式（to do）非謂語動詞主語賓語表語定語賓補狀語不定式動名詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞6英語一句話中只能有一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)如果出現(xiàn)更多動詞： 加連詞（and / but / so） 放入從句 變?yōu)榉侵^語動詞 主語、謂語、

2、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、補語 判別用謂語動詞或非謂語動詞1._ the dog came over, our friend ran away. (see)2._ from the top of a hill, and youll find the city more beautiful. (see)3._ you_ the city from the top of a hill, youll find it more beautiful. (see) 4. _more clearly, they came up and got close to it.5. _from the top of a

3、 hill, our house looks like a car.SeeingSeeIfseeTo see根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)判斷是非謂語動詞還是謂語動詞一個句子（包括主句和從句）通常有一個謂語動詞（and可以并列連接兩個謂語動詞），分析句子:如果句子中沒有謂語動詞，填上謂語動詞（注意時態(tài)和語態(tài)），如果句子中已經(jīng)有謂語動詞，則考慮用非謂語動詞（注意判別是動詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、動名詞還是過去分詞）Seen1.She got off the bus, _ (leave) her handbag on her seat.2. She got off the bus, but _ (leave) her h

4、andbag on her seat.3. She got off the bus, who _(leave) her handbag on her seat.4._ to the right, and you will find the building you want. (turn)5. If you _ to the right, you will find the building you want. 6._ to the right, you will find the building you want.leftleftleavingTurnturnTurning非謂語動詞使用條

5、件一個句子當(dāng)中，已經(jīng)存在一個主句（謂語動詞）,又沒有連詞的情況下, 還有別的動詞出現(xiàn)時。 由此可見，連詞在決定句子結(jié)構(gòu)以及謂語動詞和非謂語動詞的使用中起著關(guān)鍵的作用。The man took out the key, _ (open) the door and entered the room.2. The man sat there, _ (read) a book.3. _ (work) hard, and you will succeed.4. The question _ (discuss) at the meeting yesterday is of great importance

6、.5. _(improve) his spoken English, Mr. Zhang goes to the English corner every Saturday.openedreadingWork discussedTo improve 1 The teachers sitting there are from other schools.表語2 We saw some teachers sitting there. 賓語補足語3 We need to be active in class. 賓語謂語賓語主語定語連系動詞劃分句子成分非謂語動詞大都可在句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀

7、語、賓語補足語等.Part 1 To-infinitive動詞不定式（The Infinitive）一. 動詞不定式的基本構(gòu)成：由不定式符號to加動詞原形構(gòu)成。其否定式由not+不定式構(gòu)成 肯定式：to do sth 否定式：not to do sth. 主動式被動式一般式to doto be done完成式to have doneto have been done 進行式to be doing不定式時態(tài)的用法 1. 不定式的動作與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生時，或之后發(fā)生 用一般式 1) He wanted _ (see) you. 2) I hope _(see) you again. 2. 強調(diào)不定

8、式的動作正在進行時，用進行式 When I came in, he pretended (read) a book. He is said to _ (write) a novel now. 3. 強調(diào) 不定式的動作在謂語動詞之前發(fā)生時， 用不定式完成式 He is said _ (write) a novel last year. to seeto seeto be readingto have writtenbe writing 不定式被動形式的用法 當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示的動作的承受者時（即邏輯主語與不定式動作為動賓關(guān)系時），用被動語態(tài)It is an honor for me

9、 to be asked to speak here .The book is said _ (translate) into English.Mr. Smith is going to attend the meeting _(hold) tomorrow.I am very pleased _(give) this opportunity.She asked _ (send) to work in Tibet .No one likes _(laugh) at.to be sentto have been translatedto be held她要求被派往西藏工作to have been

10、 givento be laughedThe Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games _ in Beijing in 2008.A. hold B. holding C. held D. to be held- Is Bob still performing?- Im afraid not. He is said _ the stage already as he has become an official.A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been D. to be left動詞不定式（The In

11、finitive）二. 動詞不定式的句法作用法動詞不定式有副詞，形容詞和名詞的特征，因此在句中可作主語、賓語、賓語補足語、表語、定語、狀語，獨立成分1.To see you is glad. =Its glad to see you. 2.I want to see you.3.I want him to see you. 4.My hope is to see you.5.He is the man to see you.6.Im glad to see you. 7.I went to see you. 8.He went so early as to see you.（作主語）(作賓語）

12、（作賓補）(作表語）（作定語）（作原因狀語）（作目的狀語）（作結(jié)果狀語）Discussion: 說出不定式在句中的成分.(1)作主語 不定式做主語時，可以直接放在謂語動詞之前。To see is to believe Not to get there in time is your fault.注：常用it做形式主語，將to do放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。句型1：It + takes sb +some time + to doIt takes us an hour _ get there by bus.句型2：It +be + n. + to doIts our duty _ help t

13、he poor. It is a great enjoyment _ spend our holiday in the mountainstototo句型3：It is adj. for/of sb. to do sth.It is + adj + for sb to do sthIt is + adj + of sb to do sth（是形容人的品質(zhì)的 ）（是形容事物的性質(zhì)的 ）It is easy _ me to finish this work before ten. It is honorable _ us to be present at your birthday party.

14、It is very kind _ you to give me some help.Its impolite _ you to speak to the teacher like that.You are very kind to give me some help.you are impolite to speak to the teacher like that.非謂語動詞講解forforofofA: 如果要說明不定式表示的動作是誰做的， 可以在不定式前加一個由 for 引起的短語。 It is easy for the students to read. It will be a mi

15、stake for us to help you.B: 下列形容詞作表語時，不定式前常加一個 of 引起的短語，這些形容詞是： (表評價性的，來說明邏輯主語的性質(zhì)，特征，屬性） kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, stupid, foolish, wrong, right, careless, rude, polite, naughty etc. Its kind of you to think so much of us. Its unwise of him to leave home at once. It s wrong of h

16、im to speak bad behind others. Its wrong of the south to break away from the Union.有些動詞只能用不定式作賓語，請牢記下列小詩：(2)作賓語 I want to know this matter.I dont expect to meet you here.1).接不定式做賓語決心學(xué)會想希望設(shè)法假裝在拒絕主動答應(yīng)選計劃同意請求幫一幫decide/ determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wishmanage, pretend, refuseoffer, promise, choos

17、e, planagree, ask, help此外，fail,need,would like/love, happen,afford, aim, prepare, cant wait to do, be used to do, be able to do Eg: She pretended not to see me when I passed by.I happened to be thereI would like to go swimming this weekend.I find/feel to work with him interesting I find/feel it inte

18、resting to work with him注意：不定式短語作賓語時，如果還帶有賓語補足語，往往把不定式賓語放在賓語補足語之后，而用it作形式賓語。 句型：S+ find/think/feel/make/ consider/ believe.+it +adj/n+ to do sth. 翻譯：1.我們認(rèn)為早點開始是有必要的。2.我覺得保護環(huán)境是我們的責(zé)任。3.我認(rèn)為遵守法律是重要的。4. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)在一天之內(nèi)完成這么多家庭作業(yè)是不可能的。1.Wethoughtitnecessary tostartearly. 2.Ifeelit ourdutyto protect the environmen

19、t. 3.We think it important to obey the law.5.I find it impossible to finish so much homework in a day.注意：2). it作形式賓語1).如果主語是不定式（表示條件），表語也是不定式（表示結(jié)果）。(一致性) _(do) two things at a time is to do neither 一次做兩件事等于未做。 _ (see) is to believe. 百聞不如一見。（眼見為實）2)系動詞be, appear, seem, prove后用to do形式做表語；be to do ,be

20、about to do結(jié)構(gòu)表將來時: He is to marry Rose. We _ the large factory.我們計劃去參觀那個大型工廠。I was just about _ (leave) the office when the phone rang.His words proved _ (correct). The girl seems _ (be) unhappy.To do To seeto be correct3）作表語to beto leaveare to visitOur most important task now is to make a plan.3)當(dāng)句

21、子的主語是aim, duty, hope, idea, job,plan，problem, wish, task, job, purpose ,thing等為中心的名詞時，后面可以用不定式做表語，用以說明主語所包含內(nèi)容。作表語My job is to teach English.My wish is to be a doctor.他的希望是在不遠(yuǎn)的將來買一輛轎車。His wish is _ (buy) a car in the near future. to buy最重要的事情是采取措施阻止污染The most important thing is _ (take) measures to p

22、revent the pollution.to take注: 作表語的不定式都帶to, 但當(dāng)主語部分有實義動詞do時, to可以省略。Now the only thing we can do is wait.4）作定語eg.1. I have something to tell you. 2. The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important.3. The next train to arrive is from Beijing.4. The car to be bought is for his sister.不定式做定語時一般表將要發(fā)生的動

23、作。5. She made a decision to go abroad for a year.6. His plan to finish his homework was quite clear.7. Ive no time to listen to your excuse.例句5.6.7不表示將要做。He is the man to see you. Please find me something to drink. I am very thirsty. We all have a chance to go to college.動詞不定式做定語時,應(yīng)放在被修飾詞(名詞或代詞)的后面，

24、它和被修飾詞之間有三種關(guān)系:主謂、動賓和同位.作定語主謂關(guān)系動賓關(guān)系同位關(guān)系不定式與它所修飾的詞有動賓關(guān)系She has a lot of work to do in the morning. 當(dāng)不定式表示的動作與所修飾詞有動賓關(guān)系，同時又與本句中的另一個名詞或代詞(即句子的主語)構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系時，可用不定式的主動形式to do表示被動含義。如： 1) Mr.Smith，I have some questions_ (ask).史密斯先生，我有一些問題要問。(不定式to ask的動作執(zhí)行者是主語I) 2) Please give me some books_ (read).請給我一些書讀。(不定

25、式to read的動作執(zhí)行者是句中的me)但：Im going to the post office; do you have anything _ (send)？3)The houses _ (build) next year are for the teachers.to askto readto be sentto be build我要去郵局，你有什么要寄的東西嗎？(此句中send這個動作不是句中you發(fā)出的，所以用了被動)不定式與它所修飾的詞有動賓關(guān)系 Do you have anything to wash today? Do you have anything to be wash

26、ed today? (區(qū)別主被動）比較： have some clothes to wash have some clothes to be washedShe has a lot of work to do in the morning. 早上他有很多工作要做。非謂語動詞講解自己洗別人洗Im hungry. Please get me something_ (eat).Those who have questions _ (ask) put up your hands.The books _ (send) to the poor mountain areas next week have b

27、een here.to eat4. He told me about the things_ (discuss) at the next meeting.5. We have a composition _ (write).6. He has a lot of work _ (do) today, so he cant go with us.7. They have paid for the house _(build) next year.to askto be sentto doto writeto be discussedto be builtPractice: 1.I have a l

28、arge house to_ .(live) 2.Please give me some paper to_ .(write) 3.Can you give me a chair to _ ? (sit)4.He is looking for a room _(live). 5.Please give me a knife _(cut). 6.Theres nothing to _. (worry)7.He has a pen to _.(write)8. There are 5 pairs of shoes to_.(choose)live in write on sit on注意:如果不定

29、式部分的動詞是不及物動詞,且與被修飾的名詞是動賓關(guān)系時,則需帶上相應(yīng)的介詞to live into cut withworry aboutwrite withchoose from1. We are looking for a room _.A. to live inB. to be lived in C. to live D. for living in2. Would you please pass me the knife _?A. to cut the fruit withB. to cut the fruitC. cutting the fruitD. cutting the fru

30、it with3.I have something important to say. please find a piece of paper （寫上） 4.Excuse me，could I use your pen for a moment？I have no pen （寫）to write onto write withPractice2）不定式與被修飾的詞有主謂關(guān)系 She is the last to leave the room.注意：不定式修飾的名詞前有the only，the last，the next，序數(shù)詞(first, second,.)或形容詞最高級形容時，常用不定式

31、作后置定語,與其所修飾的詞有邏輯上主謂關(guān)系,Charles Lindbergh is the first man to fly the Atlantic alone. She is the best woman to do the job.這樣的名詞常用的有：way, time, ability, chance， reason，opportunity，need，wish，right，plan, ambition, effort, 等。如1.Its time for you _ up and go to school. 你該起床去上學(xué)了。 2.There is no reason _ his w

32、ord. 沒有理由懷疑他的話。 3.They have now an opportunity _ abroad to study further.他們現(xiàn)在有機會出國深造。 4. The farmers thought of ways _ (protect) their crops.3）不定式與所修飾詞的有同位關(guān)系（前抽象后具體），即不定式短語說明前面名詞或代詞的內(nèi)容。 I have no chance to go there.to getto doubtto go to protectExercises:You have no right _ (stop) me from going in t

33、here.There are no plans _ (build) new offices.The local clubs are making every effort _ (interest) more young people.There is no need for you _ (get) up early tomorrow.She was the only person_ (survive) after the earthquake. 6. The last man _ the sinking ship was the captain. A. to leave B. leaving

34、C. left D. to have left to stopto buildto interestto getto survive7. His wish _ a doctor came true. A. coming B. come C. to come D. came8. He is always the first _ and the last _. A. of coming, of leaving B. comes, leaves C. to come, to leave D. coming, leaving(4)某些動詞或形容詞后可接不定式時，它相應(yīng)的同根名詞也常用不定式做定語。如：

35、1.He made an attempt to learn English well.他試圖學(xué)好英語。(attempt to do sth)2.His ability to get on with people is his chief advantage.他能和人相處是他的主要優(yōu)勢。(be able to do sth)3.I dont trust his promise to come for a visit.我不相信他來訪的諾言。(promise to do sth)5）作賓補She asked me to stay there.1. 她叫我呆在這兒。2.請允許我介紹Mr. White給

36、你們。 Please allow me to introduce Mr. White to you.通常這樣的動詞用在以下的結(jié)構(gòu)里:Verb +sb/sth + to do sth(賓語與賓語補足語之間的關(guān)系實際上是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系)3. 他要求我與他一起工作。He required me to work with him.advise ,allow ,ask beg, cause（促使） ,expect ,encourage ,force ，forbidget, help, invite ,order, promise ,permit , persuaderequest, require,

37、remind，tell, teachwish,want, warn sb. to doVerb +sb/sth + to do sthsee watch look atnoticeobservehearlisten to feel+sb/sth +dodoing donemake lethaveVerb +sb/sth + to do sth吾看三室兩廳一感覺半幫助help+sb + (to) do sthIoftenhearthemsingthissong. Didyounoticeanyonecomein? Iwouldhavehimwait formeforalongtime. 注意：當(dāng)

38、這類動詞轉(zhuǎn)為被動語態(tài)時，其后的不定式則要加上“to”如： He is often heard _ the songHewasseen_theroom. to singtoenter理解：I saw someone come in.I saw someone coming in.我看到有人進來了。（已進來）我看到有人正往里來（正在走）理解：I saw someone come in.I saw someone coming in.He had his horse _ (jump) over the fence.The lady was watched _ (leave) her room sil

39、ence.He made the boy _ (clean) room.Did you notice anyone _ (enter) my room?Though he had often made his little sister_ (cry), today he was made _ (cry) by his little sister.8. Last night the girls were heard _ (sing) in the classroom.9. The local people were made _ (leave).10. Some children were ob

40、served _ (pick) the flowers.我看到有人進來了。（已進來）我看到有人正往里來（正在走）jumpto leavecleanentercryto cryto singto leaveto pick up括號內(nèi)所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，使句子完整、正確。 1.Let me _(help) you _ (water) the flowers.2.Little Sandy would love _(take) to the cinema this evening. 3. Though he often made his sister _(cry), today he was ma

41、de _(cry) by his sister.4. I saw him _ into the small store.A. wentB. goingC. to goD. has gone5. Tell the boy _ out of the window.not to look B. to not lookC. dont look D. not look help(to) watercryto cryto be taken 1. 讓，使 have sb. do sth.= get 讓某人做某事 have sth. done 讓某事被做 例： I have him _ (repair) my

42、 watch. =I have my watch _ (repair). have sb./ sth. doing 讓某人或某事一直進行某動作或保持某狀態(tài) 例： I had my car waiting outside. I wont have you smoking. 比較 have的用法repairrepairedI had him _ (repair) my bike. = I got him _ (repair) my bike.2. It is too cold, so we have the fire _ （burn) all night long.3. She has a mee

43、ting _.(attend)4. He had me _ (wait) for a long time.repairto repairburningwaitingto attendsb. to do sth.2. 有 have sth. to do 有某事要做 6.作狀語表示目的、原因、結(jié)果I came here to see youWe were very excited to hear the newsHe hurried to the school only to find nobody there . (目的) (原因)(結(jié)果) 1）不定式做目的狀語，相當(dāng)于用in order to，

44、so as to引導(dǎo)的目的狀語。 He got up early to catch the first bus. 我呆在那兒想看看發(fā)生了什么。I stayed there to see what would happen.為了得到一個好座位，她早早就到了。To get/ In order to get a good seat, she arrived early.掌握含有目的狀語的幾種句式： He got up early to catch the first bus.= He got up early _ _ _ catch the first bus.=_, he got up early

45、.=_ the first bus, he got up early.=He got up early _ _ _ he could catch the first bus.= He got up early _ _ _ catch the first bus.=He got up _ _ _ _ catch the first bus. 注：1、so as to do結(jié)構(gòu)不能放于句首； 2、in order to do 結(jié)構(gòu)，可以與in order that 目的狀語從句轉(zhuǎn)換To catch the first busIn order to catchso as toso early as

46、toin order thatin order to作結(jié)果狀語He bent down _ (pick) the pen lying on the floor.He bent down and _ (pick) the pen lying on the ground.The teacher did what she could _ me with my lessons. A. help B. helps C. helped D. to help4. The doctor did everything he could _ (save) the patient.5. Every minute i

47、s made full use of _ (study) our lessons.6. _ the first bus, he got up early. A. To keep up B. So as to keep up C. Keep up D. In order keep up to pickpickedto saveto study2)不定式可以用來做結(jié)果狀語，常用enough to，so + 形容詞/副詞 + as to， suchas to, too.to（太而不能（否定含義） ） ，only to 結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式作結(jié)果狀語, 其中only to用于表示意想不到的結(jié)果。I tried

48、 the door, only to find it locked inside.我要開門，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)門被里面鎖住了。He is brave enough to go out alone at nightThe question is too difficult to answer.He came late twice a week, making his boss angry.現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語，表自然而然的結(jié)果我不至于愚蠢到再相信他。Im not so stupid (a fool) as to believe him again.Im not such a stupid fool as to

49、 believe him again.掌握tooto的不同含義。be+形容詞（副詞+enough to do sth.“足以以至于可以干too to do sth.太而不能（否定含義）too + willing / ready / glad / anxious to do sth.等時，too 的意思是very的意思，此時是肯定含義“非常樂意做某事/非常著急想做某事The question is simple enough for us to answer. The question is too difficult for to answer. 3. The young man is too

50、 willing to do the old living around here.這個問題夠簡單的，我們能回答上來。這個問題太難了，我們回答不了。這位年輕人非常愿意為住在這兒周圍的老人做點事。4. They seemed to be too anxious to leave.他們似乎太著急而想趕快離開。1.I am glad to meet you.2.I was surprised to see that a three-year-old baby could write so well.3.The room is really comfortable to live in.3) 有些表示

51、感情色彩的形容詞(glad, happy, lucky, fortunate, surprised, angry, pleased, sad, sorry, comfortable, difficult, easy,等)+ 不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作原因狀語7. 作獨立成分, 用來說明說話人的態(tài)度、看法、對整個句子進行解釋, 如to be frank/honest(坦白地說), to be sure(確實), to make the matter worse(更糟糕的是),to begin with(首先)等。To tell you the truth, I hate you.To tell the tru

52、th, I dont agree with you.8）其他用法：不定式與疑問詞who，which，what，how，when，where等連用，在句中起名詞作用，可充當(dāng)主語、表語或賓語等。1.He didnt know what to say. 2.How to solve the problem is very important.3.When to hold the meeting is still unknown.4.They told me what to do next.5.My question is when to start.6.They are considering wh

53、ere to go next.（賓語） （主語） （賓語） （賓語） （表語） 1. 你能告訴我該如何解決這個問題嗎？ Could you tell me _ the problem.2. 我們想知道下周我們?nèi)ツ睦? We wonder _ next week.3. We have no idea about what _ (do) next.4. She gave us some advice on _ (learn) foreign language.（如何去學(xué)）5. There isnt any difference between the two. I really dont know

54、 _ (該選哪個).how to solvewhere to goto do how to learnwhich to chooseB. 常跟疑問詞+不定式的動詞:tell, advise, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn, explain know, show, discover, see(understand)He taught us how to use the tool.No one could tell me where to get the book.I hope youll advise me what to do.I

55、dont know how to get there.I havent decided whether to go or stay. Part 2 Bare infinitive不定式在一些動詞后作賓語補足語時, 不定式省略to.但這種句子如果變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu),to要補上.省略現(xiàn)象小結(jié)1五看 watch see look at observe notice常見動詞有:三使 let make have 二聽 listen to hear一感覺: feel動詞用法很多,要努力記喲!半幫助：help“前有do,后無to; 前無do, 后有to”.1.不定式用在介詞but, except, besides

56、后時,如果這些介詞前有行為動詞do的各種形式,那么介詞后的不定式不帶to,相反則帶to.2. 不定式在系動詞 后作表語時, 當(dāng)主語部分有行為動詞do, 作表語的不定式to可省略。 Practice:(1). She could do nothing but _ (cry). She could say nothing but _ (cry) I have no choice but _(cry)(2). What I want to do now is _ (find) some books to read.省略現(xiàn)象小結(jié)2cryto cry(to) findto cry在固定詞組和 句型中省略

57、to省略現(xiàn)象小結(jié)3Practice:Youd better not _ (do) it.They would rather _ (try) and fail than _ (give up) the plan.常見的固定搭配有:1. had better do/ had better not do2. would rather do sth. than do sth. prefer to do sth rather than do sth3. cannot but do sth./ cant help but do sth不得不-cant choose but do sth只得4. why n

58、ot do sth? 表建議dotrygive up比較：cant help doing sthcant help to do sth在and, or, than, rather than等詞連接兩個不定式并列在一起時,第二個不定式的 to 可以省略省略現(xiàn)象小結(jié)4I promise to finish my homework and hand it on time.Do you want to go shopping or watch a film.I decided to write rather than phone.注：當(dāng)兩個不定式表對比意義或加強語氣，第二個to不省為好。It is e

59、asier to say than to do.To go out or to stay home is up to you.Yesterday I did nothing but _ (watch) TV.He wanted nothing but _ (enjoy) himself at the moment.At last the enemy soldiers had no choice but _ (lay) down their guns.We can not choose but _ (hear).Bod did nothing except _ (play) tennis.We

60、had nothing to do except _ (fight) against the pollution.It had no effect except _ (make) him angry.watchto enjoyto layhearplayfightto make另：nothing but僅僅，只不過,只有I want nothing but the best for my children.Youre nothing but a thief.我只是想給我的孩子們最好的。你只不過是個小偷。非謂語動詞講解 動詞不定式省略to 詞組 had better, would rather,