Proteus在模擬電路中仿真應用

1、第 頁Proteus在模擬電路中仿真應用Proteus在很多人接觸都是因為她可以對單片機進行仿真，其實她在模擬電路方面仿真能力也很強大。下面對幾個模塊方面的典型帶那路進行闡述。第1部分模擬信號運算電路仿真1.0運放初體驗運算，顧名思義，正是數(shù)學上常見的加減乘除以及積分微分等，這里的運算電路，也就是用電路來實現(xiàn)這些運算的功能。而運算的核心就是輸入和輸出之間的關系，而這些關系具體在模擬電路當中都是通過運算放大器實現(xiàn)的。運算放大器的符號如圖1所示。運算器都工作在線性區(qū)，故進行計算離不開工作在線性區(qū)的“虛短”和“虛斷”這兩個基本特點。與之對應的，在Proteus中常常用到的放大器有如圖2幾種。上面幾種

2、都是有源放大器件，我們還經常用到理想無源器件，如圖4所示，它的位置在“Category”一“OperationalAmplifiers”一“OPAMP”。JMatchWholeWords?Category:(AllCategories)AnalogICsCapacitorsCMOS4000seriesConnectorsIlataConvertersDebuggingToolsDiodesECL10000SeriesElecttomechaiiicalInductorsLaplacePrimitivesMech：micsMemoryICsMicropiocessoi-ICsMiscallaii

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17、nputjGenei：alFm-poseGeneralPiarposeOperatiorvalJFET-Input.GeneralFm-poseJFET-InputGeneralFurpose1PCBPreview:BoKEFacia.reQK|CancelPickDevicesKeywords:Results(1490):JPAMPPreview：1Device1Library|Description/VSchenaiic巫del0A_3PIN圖4理想無源放大器件的位置1.1比例運算電路與加法器這種運算電路是最基本的，其他電路都可以由它進行演變。反相比例運算電路，顧名思義，信號從反相輸入端進

18、入，如圖5所示。圖5反相比例運算電路由“虛斷”“虛短”可知：u=-體*uoRi1我們仿真的值：U二R1(1)=V,R二2K,R二10K,i1f故U=-5V。o反相加法運算電路，如圖6所示，與反相比例運算電路相比多了幾個輸入信號。圖6反相加法運算電路滿足的運算法則為：u=-(-f*u+體*u+fu)oRi1Ri2Ri3TOC o 1-5 h z123我們仿真的值：U二R1(1)=V,R二R二R二5K,R二10Ki123f故u=-(*u+R*u+*u)=-6V。oRi1Ri2Ri3123同相比例運算電路，顧名思義，信號從同相輸入端進入，如圖7所示。RFoi1我們仿真的值：U二R2(3)二0.5V,

19、R二1K,R二1K,R二5K,i12f故，u=(1+務)*u=(1+5)*0.5=3.0V1同相加法運算電路，如圖8所示，與同相比例運算電路相比也只是多了幾個輸入。R2(1)圖8同相加法運算電路TOC o 1-5 h z滿足的運算法則為：U=(1RU*+Ru*4RU*)oRRi1Ri2Ri31123其中，R=R2/R3/R4/RO我們仿真的值：U=R2(1)=0.5V,R=1K,R=R=R=1K,R=5K,i1234f-故RRR乂R*故，u=(l+r)*(*u+*u+*u)oRRi1Ri2Ri31123“5、“0.25“r0.25“r0.25“廠cc=(1+)*(*0.5+*0.5+*0.5)

20、=2.25V11111.2積分器與微分器（1）積分器如圖9所示，與反相比例運算電路相比，只是將反饋電阻f換成電容Cf,信號發(fā)生器設置成10mV、1kHz的方波。示波器設置的界面如圖10所示。其中Waveform用來選擇波形型號，F(xiàn)requency進行頻率設定，Amplitude進行幅度設定。圖9積分器圖10信號發(fā)生器界面仍然由“虛短”和“虛斷”得到，運算法則為：uJudtoR*Ciif圖9的仿真結果如圖11所示。方波在半周期內是直線輸出，積分后就成了線性輸出三角波。7|伽|e#|卩|E*LhanneBChannelCACDCGNDOFFliwen一A+BChanneD圖11積分器仿真結果微分器

21、，如圖12所示，與積分器相比，將反饋電容Cf與反相輸入端JTTLrLrLTLC.-：j時嚴,圖12的仿真結果如圖13所示三角波在半周期內是線性輸出，經過微分后,就成了直線輸出方波。One-ShotSourcemTFLevelAjjIoCursorsSCKJFCgBCD圖13微分器仿真結果ChannelAChannelC1.3波形發(fā)生器PositionInvertACDCGNDOFFliwenACDCGNDOFFPosition-4i-3DC+D5|mV-101D由上面的函數(shù)型號發(fā)生器可以看到，能將常用的波形都輸出來。然而，波形中最基本的算方波，經過一次積分可以變成三角波，經過兩次積分就變成三角波。這里運用555定時器來形成方波。555定時器組成的多諧振蕩器是在內部通過對電容的充放電，改變比較器（運放構成）的輸入電壓，從而使觸發(fā)器改變態(tài)的。電路如圖14所示。其中Outl、Out2和Out3分別輸出的波形如圖15所Zjo15550Z0-2DCTHcv475C51nFC61nFOut2uo2-R310kt3uoC247nF