高中人教版英語必修一課件：Unit 5 Section B Language Points 1

1、Unit 5 Nelson Mandela - a modern hero例:Modesty is one of his good qualities.謙虛是他的美德之一。These are leather goods of high quality. 這些是高質(zhì)量的皮革制品。Nowadays people are very concerned about the safety and quality of food. 如今，人們非常關(guān)心食品的安全和質(zhì)量。1. quality n. 品質(zhì)(用于人), 質(zhì)量【名師點津】quality作“質(zhì)量”講時, 通常用作不可數(shù)名詞；而作“品質(zhì)”講時, 多用作

2、可數(shù)名詞【拓展】of quality 優(yōu)質(zhì)的，素質(zhì)好的of high/low quality 高/低質(zhì)量的average quality 一般質(zhì)量in quality 在質(zhì)量上【學以致用】完成句子The kitchen oil used in that restaurant _. (quality)那家餐館所用的食用油的質(zhì)量很差。The films that Jet Li stars in _. (quality) 李連杰主演的電影質(zhì)量很高。was poor in qualityare of high quality2. mean adj. 1. 吝嗇的,小氣的(+about/over/wit

3、h) Her husband is very mean about money. 她的丈夫在金錢上很吝嗇。2. 卑鄙的, 心地不好的(+to sth.) That was a mean trick! 那是一個卑劣的詭計! Dont be so mean to your little brother! 別對你弟弟那么刻??！【拓展】mean vt. 本意是，原意是mean to do打算做；有意做mean doing意味著be meant for 打算給予；打算作用 That would mean wasting a lot of time. 那將意味著浪費很多時間。Really？I dont m

4、ean to waste any time. 是嗎？我沒打算浪費任何時間。These rooms are meant for the childrens centre. 這些房間是打算用作少年活動中心的。What do you mean by acting like this? 你這樣做是什么意思? 3. active adj.1) 活躍的; 活潑的 Mrs. Brown is over 80 and not very active now. 布朗太太已八十多歲, 現(xiàn)在不大活動了。2) 積極的; 勤奮的 He became an active social reformer. 他成了一位積極的

5、社會改革家。3) 在活動中的; 在進展中的 Mount Vesuvius is an active volcano. 維蘇威是一座活火山。【拓展】be active about對熱心be active in sth. /doing sth. 積極參與某事/做某事be active as. . . 作為活躍4. generous adj. 慷慨的, 大方的(+with/in/to) She is generous in giving help. 她樂于助人。 He was generous to everybody with money. 他在金錢上對每個人都很大方。 寬宏大量的,寬厚的(+to

6、/towards) He is generous towards his subordinates. 他待部屬很寬厚。 大量的; 豐富的; 豐盛的 She gave me a generous lunch. 她請我吃了一頓豐盛的午餐。5. devoted adj.1. 獻身的;虔誠的;專心致志的 He was still devoted to the study of chemistry. 他仍專心研究化學。2. 忠實的;摯愛的 Mrs. Jones had a very devoted husband. 瓊斯太太有一位忠實的丈夫。拓展 devote的用法閱讀下列句子，注意devote的意思及

7、用法。1. He devoted all his time to his job.2. He devoted himself to writing. 自我歸納 devote為動詞，常與介詞 _連用，構(gòu)成短語devote ones life / time / energy / attention. to (doing) sth. （句1），表示“把生命/時間/精力/注意力用在/獻給（做）某事上”； _ （句2）表示“獻身；專心于”。todevote oneself to【即學即練】 用devote的適當形式完成句子。1. Thousands of _ fans waited in the rai

8、n for the group to arrive.2. She gladly gave up her part-time job and _ herself entirely to her art.devoteddevoted6. die for 為某種事業(yè)或目的而死 die for ones country/ the people/ the cause. die of 死于內(nèi)因 die from 死于外因 die from a car accident. 由于車禍而死 die by 死于暴力, 刀或劍等兇器 die by the sword/hanging.be dying for 極想得

9、到.She is dying for a cup of water. die through carelessness 因過失而死diedown 凋落, 消失die away 消失（漸漸遠去）The sound died away. 聲音漸漸遠去。die out 絕種 This kind of animal is dying out. 7. found vt.1. 建立; 建造 He founded the first Republic in China in 1911 after many years fighting. 經(jīng)過多年的斗爭之后，1911年他在中國建立了第一個共和國。2. 創(chuàng)立,

10、 創(chuàng)辦 They founded a college. 他們創(chuàng)辦了一所大學。foundset up【辨析】興建城市(國家、黨派、大學等)，更著重指打基礎(chǔ)，也可指創(chuàng)立某種理論或?qū)W說常和表示具體的組織、機構(gòu)、團體等的名詞連用，有時可與found換用8. believe in 1. 信仰 Christians believe in Jesus. 基督徒信仰耶穌。2. 信任 We believe in him. 我們信任他。3. 相信.的效用 Jim believes in fresh air and morning exercises. 吉姆堅信新鮮空氣及早操有益處。 He wont give up

11、 the experiment even if he has failed many times. His father has given up smoking. This is a good idea. You shouldnt give it up. She gave up her job to look after her mother9. give up + n./ pron./ v-ing只能接動名詞作賓語的動詞avoid, consider, dislike, enjoy, excuse, finish, imagine, mind, miss, suggest, stop, f

12、eel like, give up, cant help, cant standDo not talk (in) that way.(In) this way, you can remember the spelling. Dont stand in the /my way.He is better in some way (s).He picked a pen on the way to school. 10. in a peaceful way以和平的方式那樣這樣礙事在某些方面在往的路上11. fight against/for/withThe soldiers fought bravel

13、y _ the enemy _ the liberation _ their comrades. againstforwith12. beaway有遠(指距離、時間)1) 我家離這里只有兩條街。 My house is only 2 blocks away from here.2) 他的生日在兩周以后。 His birthday is two weeks away. in two weeks.13. However, this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg. 然而在這個時候，你要想住

14、在約翰內(nèi)斯堡就非得有身份證不可?！痉治觥?1) this/that was a time when意為“在這/那個時候”。That was a time when many people were attacked by SARS. 在那個時候，很多人都受到了SARS的侵襲。(2)However是經(jīng)?？嫉降霓D(zhuǎn)折副詞。【學以致用】仿寫句子然而在這個時候，我們應該下定決心努力學習。_However, this is a time when we should decide to study hard. 1) 他還沒有回家，這叫我放心不下。 It worries me that he hasnt c

15、ome home yet.2) 我發(fā)愁的是如何再找到工作。 What worries me is how I am going to get another job. 14. worry vt. It + worry sb. +that 使某人擔心be worried about/that 擔心，擔憂1) Im worried _ her driving the car tonight on the wet road. A. of B. about C. on D. at2) His dangerous driving always _ me. A. worry about B. worrie

16、s about C. worried about D. worries15. be out of work/ a job / employment= lose ones job = be unemployed失業(yè), 沒有工作His mother has been out of work for half a year. in work 有工作Is her husband in work? out of 意為“在之外”,“向外”;表示失去, 沒有, 用完; 不再處于某種狀況。反義詞為into或in。 The little boy ran out of the room. He took my b

17、ooks out of my schoolbag. Dont run into the room. Can you put your raincoat in your pocket? out of breath 上氣不接下氣out of patience 不耐煩out of petrol 汽油用完了out of use 沒用了out of order 出故障了out of control 失控了out of danger 脫離危險了 out of sight 看不見了out of fashion 不時興out of date 過時out of repair 無法修葺Out of sight,

18、out of mind. 眼不見, 心不煩。16. as as+主語+can/could 盡可能, 盡量= as as + possibleHe was running as fast as he could. =He was running as fast as possible. You must speak English as often as you can. =You must speak English _. as often as possible They did the experiment as carefully as they could. =They did the

19、 experiment _. Try to make as few mistakes as you can. =Try to make _.as carefully as possibleas few mistakes as possible17. “The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.”某些動詞(

20、see, find, witness等) 主語有時不是人而是物, 即擬人用法, 使句子生動。1) This old house has seen good days.2) Dusk (黃昏) found a boy crying in the street.3) Oct 1,1949, saw/ witnessed the foundation of the Peoples Republic of China.a. 這是一個復合句，包含一個時間狀語從句，同時在時間狀語從句中含有一個定語從句。b. 本句的結(jié)構(gòu)是：主句（The last thirty years have seen the gre

21、atest number of laws stopping our rights and progress）+ 時間狀語從句（until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all）。c. 主句的結(jié)構(gòu)是：主語（The last thirty years）+謂語（have seen）+賓語（the greatest number of laws）+ 賓語補足語（stopping our rights and progress）。d. 時間狀語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)是：主語（we）+ 謂語（have reached）+

22、賓語（a stage）+ 定語從句（where we have almost no rights at all）。仿寫 _ (過去的30年見證了我國發(fā)生的巨大變化，到現(xiàn)在我們已經(jīng)進入了在很多領(lǐng)域處于領(lǐng)先地位的時代。)The last thirty years have seen great changes take place in our country, until now we have reached a stage where we share leading positions in many fields. until today we have reached a stage

23、where we have almost no rights at all.考點 定語從句中關(guān)系副詞where的用法考例 Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _ sight matters more than hearing. A. when B. whose C. which D. where 點撥 題意為“那些成功的聾人舞蹈家認為舞蹈是一項視覺比聽覺更為重要的活動”。先行詞activity后跟定語從句，從句中where作地點狀語，意為“在那種活動中，在那種情況或場合下”。case, conditio

24、n, situation, position, stage, point, job, family, work等作為先行詞時，用in which或關(guān)系副詞where引導定語從句。 . . . we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government. Teaching is a job in which / where you are doing something serious but interesting. 教學是一項嚴肅而有趣

25、的工作。18. vote vt. &vi. 投票；選舉 n. 投票；選票；表決Black people could not vote or choose their leaders. 黑人無權(quán)投票選舉他們的領(lǐng)導。In my opinion, wed better vote on it. 在我看來，我們最好投票表決。Did you vote for or against her? 你投了她贊成票還是反對票？The Americans vote to choose their president. 美國人投票選舉總統(tǒng)。19. The parts of town in which they had

26、to live were decided by white people. 考點 定語從句中in + which的用法?？祭?Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes _ people were eaten by the tiger.A. that B. by which C. which D. in which點撥 由四個選項可知空格處應填入定語從句的引導詞。定語從句意為：people were eaten by the tiger in

27、the scene，所以應選D項。20. put sb. in (into) prison把關(guān)進監(jiān)獄be sent to prison (被送進監(jiān)獄)be in prison (在監(jiān)獄里)be thrown into prison (被投入監(jiān)獄)break prison (越獄)prison表示蹲監(jiān)獄時, 其前不用冠詞throw sb. into prison= send /take sb. to prisonHe had been in prison for 20 years. The man was put in prison for stealing a car. Anyone who

28、breaks the law should be thrown into prison. They all went to the prison to visit the prisoners. 類似: bed, church, class, college, hospital, school, university, market21. either. or.(兩者之中)或 (之一) You may stay either in a hotel or in a private house. I want to visit either Paris or London. Either you o

29、r I am wrong. Either of the boys likes singing. Either day is OK.neithernor既不也不He has neither money nor social position.Neither parent cares what happens to the child.Neither of the boys likes to play such a game. bothand 兩者都Both he and I are wrong. Both of the boys like singing. accept (接受) 表示主觀上樂意

30、接受。 receive (收到,得到), 表示客觀收到, 還不能斷定是否接受。 I received his letter of invitation, but I didnt accept it.22. accept 與 receive的區(qū)別： accept還表示“答應”、“同意”、“認同” He asked her to marry him and she accepted. receive還表示“接待”、“接收”、“歡迎” She was received into the club.-Have you _ the invitation to the party? -Yes, I hav

31、e. And Ive _ it. A. accepted, received B. received, accepted C. received, received D. accepted, accepted 23. attack vt. & n.1) 進攻, 襲擊 The enemy attacked our airport all night. 敵人徹夜都在攻擊我們的機場。2) (努力地)著手干 He tried to attack the problem from different angles. 他試著從各個角度來著手解決這個問題。3) The police are giving a

32、n attack on drug dealers. 警方對毒品販子發(fā)動了攻擊。24. We first broke the law in a way which was peaceful; when this was not allowed. . . only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 首先我們用和平的方式來破壞法律，而當這種方式也得不到允許時只有到這個時候，我們才決定用暴力反抗暴力?！痉治觥?). . . only then did we decide to answer violence with violen

33、ce是一個部分倒裝句。一般句子的主語在前，謂語在后，但在這種倒裝句中，助動詞在主語之前。2)以only引導副詞狀語或狀語從句放在句首加強語氣時，經(jīng)常使用部分倒裝句。 Only yesterday did his father tell him the truth, which was a big surprise. 昨天他父親才把真相告訴他，這對他來說真是一個令人吃驚的消息。Only by shouting was he able to make people on the other side of the river hear him. 他只有靠大聲叫喊才能使河對岸的人們聽到他的聲音?！緦W

34、以致用】仿寫句子首先，我們用我們自己的方式解決這個問題，而當這種方式行不通的時候，只有到這個時候，我們才決定采取法律手段。_We first settled the problem in a way which was of our own; when this didnt help. . . only then did we decide to take legal means.25. as a matter of fact 事實上As a matter of fact, Ive never been there before. 事實上我從未到過那兒?！就卣埂縜s a matter of f

35、act的同義短語(詞)還有：in fact；in reality；actually26. But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal. 考點 equal相等的、平等的 I am sure Tom is quite equal to the task. 我確信, 湯姆完全有能力承擔這項任務(wù)。 Tom equals John in the ability of dealing with such cases. 在處理這

36、類問題上，湯姆和約翰的能力是一樣的。 點撥 本題考查形容詞作定語的用法。注意: but后的分句為倒裝句, 正常語序為 . but skills are of at least _ importance。實際上是把skills和fitness作對比，強調(diào)二者同等重要（equal importance）。句意為“雖然健康的體格是從事體育運動的重要條件，但是掌握技能至少也是同等重要的”?？祭?Fitness is important in sport, but of at least _ importance are skills. A. fair B. reasonable C. equal D.

37、 propera. 這是一個復合句，包含一個原因狀語從句，同時在原因狀語從句中含有一個賓語從句。b. 本句的結(jié)構(gòu)是：主句（But I was happy to help） + 原因狀語從句（because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal）。c. 原因狀語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)是：主語（I） + 謂語（knew） + 賓語從句（it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal）。d.

38、 賓語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)是：主語（it） + 謂語（would help） + 賓語（us） + 賓語補足語（achieve our dream of making black and white people equal）。e. making black and white people equal作介詞of的賓語；equal作black and white people的賓語補足語。仿寫 _（我很難過，因為我覺得無論我多么努力，我們的友誼都不可能再繼續(xù)下去了。）I am so sorry because I think we will never be able to continue our f

39、riendship no matter how hard I try.27. in trouble處于困境閱讀下列句子，注意trouble短語的意思及用法。1. If you dont try to do your homework yourself, you will be in trouble. 2. Do you have any trouble (in) writing the article?3. Dont ask for trouble until trouble troubles you.4. Its very kind of you to take the trouble to

40、 help me.5. If you make trouble again, Ill send you home.be in trouble表示“處于困境”（句1）； have trouble (in) doing sth. 的意思是： _（句2）； ask for trouble表示“自找麻煩”（句3）； take the trouble to do sth.表示“不辭勞苦地做某事”（句4）； _ 表示“制造麻煩”（句5）。make trouble做某事有困難用以上所講短語的適當形式完成句子。1. Some of our classmates always talk or _ in clas

41、s.2. Do you _ learning English?3. Youre very kind to _ answer the question. 4. Do as youre told, or youll be _.5. Driving after drinking wine is _.make troublehave trouble intake the trouble toin troubleasking for trouble28. be willing to do sth. 愿意干某事willing adj. 愿意的, 樂意的They are willing to come.他們

42、愿意來。29. turn to 求助于;轉(zhuǎn)向We can turn to him for help.我們可以求助于他。My teacher is a kind person to whom I turn for advice. 我的老師是一個和藹的人，我向他尋求意見。 turn to還可以相當于一個不及物動詞，意為“努力干，加勁干”。拓展 常見的含turn的其他短語：turn down 拒不接受; 把(音量等)調(diào)低turn off 關(guān)上turn on 打開turn up 出現(xiàn)從A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。1. I always _ Frank whenever I

43、am in trouble here.A. turn offB. turn toC. turn downD. turn on2. He was poor but proud, and _ every offer of help.A. turned on B. turned toC. turned off D. turned down BD3. Father is sleeping in the next room. Would you please _ the radio?A. turn off B. turn toC. turn up D. turn on A I. 根據(jù)下列各句句意以及所給單詞的首字母或漢語提示，寫出所缺單詞的正確形式。1. You have to study for a long time to become a l_.2. The f_ is $50 for a six-week art class.3. What the company has done is perfectly l_.lawyerfee練習leg