中西方建筑文化差異中英文版課件

1、The Differences in History and Culture between Chinese and Western Architecture 第1頁(yè)，共25頁(yè)。建筑是人類文明的沉淀，也是人類文明的載體。它以其獨(dú)特的語(yǔ)言方式向人們傾述著各地區(qū)、各民族的思想觀念、宗教情感、審美情趣等等。所以地域和歷史文化截然不同的中西方也有著不同的建筑理念。同時(shí)中西方的人審美觀念、性格氣質(zhì)也有著相當(dāng)?shù)牟町?，這些都在無形地影響著當(dāng)?shù)氐慕ㄖO(shè)計(jì)藝術(shù)。 Architecture is not only the precipitation of human civilization, but also

2、the carrier of human civilization. It reveals the ideological concept, religious feelings and aesthetic interests of all peoples in all regions to us with its distinctive language expressions.Therefore, Chinese and the west with different regions, history and culture also have different architectura

3、l philosophy. Meanwhile, the Chinese people and westerners also have quite differences on aesthetic standards, character and temperament. All these impact the local arts of architectural design.第2頁(yè)，共25頁(yè)。第3頁(yè)，共25頁(yè)。第4頁(yè)，共25頁(yè)。Chinese and the west with different regions, history and culture also have diff

4、erent architectural philosophy. Meanwhile, the Chinese people and westerners also have quite differences on aesthetic standards, character and temperament. All these impact the local arts of architectural design.地域和歷史文化截然不同的中西方也有著不同的建筑理念。同時(shí)中西方的人審美觀念、性格氣質(zhì)也有著相當(dāng)?shù)牟町?，這些都在無形地影響著當(dāng)?shù)氐慕ㄖO(shè)計(jì)藝術(shù)。Therefore, at fir

5、st, we specially discussed some differences on the root of the architecture between the east and the west. Herein, I take Greece as the western representative.因此，特地在此探討一下東西方的建筑根源上的一些差異。在這里，以希臘為西方的代表。第5頁(yè)，共25頁(yè)。 Building materials, reflected the different between Chinese and western material culture an

6、d philosophy of the differences.第6頁(yè)，共25頁(yè)。Judging from the building materials, in modern architecture not produced before, all the world has developed mature construction system, including belong to eastern architecture of Indian architecture inside, basically, are for major construction materials to

7、 bricky build, belongs to the brick structure system. Such as the pyramids in Egypt, ancient Greek temple, Roman chichen itza, the ShuShuiDao, in Europe in the middle ages, the church. All are built with stone material, notting have is not the stone in the history of historical left testimony.第7頁(yè)，共2

8、5頁(yè)。Only in Chinese ancient buildings (including neighbouring Japan, Korea and other regions) is the wood to do the main frame houses, belong to timberwork system, thus is known as wood history.第8頁(yè)，共25頁(yè)。The layout of architectural space, reflect the different characteristics between Chinese and weste

9、rn system culture, the difference.第9頁(yè)，共25頁(yè)。China whatever building, from housing to the palace, almost is a pattern, similar to the quad mode. The beauty of Chinese architecture is a kind of collective beauty. For example; Beijing palace, the Ming tombs Ming temple, qufu第10頁(yè)，共25頁(yè)。The first differenc

10、e is that the architectures in Greek are perceptual and perfectly seek for plastic arts and formal beauty. However, the Chinese architecture is greatly influenced by ethic thoughts. The second difference is on history and culture between Chinese and western architecture is the spirit of democracy in

11、 the west and autocratic and hierarchical thinking in China. The third difference is the mysterious religious content of the western architecture and harmonic realism in China. The westerners believe in god and have a kind of extraordinary devotion to religion. However, the Chinese people believe th

12、at their fates will be in their own hands. 第11頁(yè)，共25頁(yè)。Firstly, we discuss the perceptional architecture in Greece. The ancient Greek architecture pursued plastic arts, and each building seemed to be a sculpture. They pursued harmony and considered that human body was the most harmonious and beautiful

13、 shape in the world. The physical beauty is well reflected in their architectures. For instance, the Doric order represented male model is resolute and magnificent. The Ionic order represented female model is gentle and graceful. As shown in graphs: The first difference 首先我們來討論一下希臘建筑的感性化。古希臘建筑追求造型藝術(shù)

14、，每個(gè)建筑就如一個(gè)雕塑品。他們追求和諧，并認(rèn)為人體是世界上最和諧最美的形體。人體美在他們的建筑上得到了很好的體現(xiàn)，如代表男體的多立克柱式剛毅雄偉，代表女體的愛奧尼柱式柔和端麗。第12頁(yè)，共25頁(yè)。多立克柱式是古典建筑的三種柱式中出現(xiàn)最早的一種（公元前7世紀(jì)），（另外2種柱式是愛奧尼柱式和科林斯柱式），它們都源于古希臘。 特點(diǎn)是比較粗大雄壯，沒有柱礎(chǔ)，柱身有20條凹槽，柱頭沒有裝飾，多立克柱又被稱為男性柱。來顯示剛勁和力量。最早的高度與直徑之比為6：1，后來改至7：1。著名的雅典衛(wèi)城（Athen Acropolis）的帕提農(nóng)神廟（Parthenon）即采用的是多立克柱式。第13頁(yè)，共25頁(yè)。 這

15、多立克式的是高浮雕，甚至圓雕，強(qiáng)調(diào)體積，愛奧尼式的是薄浮雕，強(qiáng)調(diào)線條。這兩種柱式，確實(shí)可以說是分別典型的概括了男性和女性的體態(tài)與性格，不僅是像維特魯威所說的那樣簡(jiǎn)單地模仿男體和女體的比例。 第14頁(yè)，共25頁(yè)。Next, we explored the spirit of ethics in Chinese architecture. Contrary to the tendency of pursuing formal beauty, attractive appearance and sculpture in Greece, the Chinese people dont pursue t

16、he external beauty but consider that the architecture is the place of living, thinking and cultivating moral, and should focus on ethics.接下來探討中國(guó)建筑的倫理精神。與希臘人追求形式美、造型美、雕塑感的傾向相反，中國(guó)人不求外在形式的美感，而是認(rèn)為建筑是生活、思考、養(yǎng)德的地方，應(yīng)以倫理為重點(diǎn) The first difference 第15頁(yè)，共25頁(yè)。群體和諧的思想是中國(guó)建筑美學(xué)的特征，也正是中國(guó)建筑的獨(dú)特理念。因此中國(guó)建筑以向水平方向發(fā)展為主，極力削弱個(gè)體

17、建筑的突出。這種形式的布局，不是以單體建筑的造型取勝，而是以群體的對(duì)稱、呼應(yīng)、錯(cuò)落有序形成整體氣勢(shì)。中國(guó)人有著令人驚訝的對(duì)建筑群體的駕馭能力。The thought of group harmony is the characteristics of Chinese architectural aesthetics, but also the unique ideas of Chinese architecture. Therefore, Chinese architecture is mainly in horizontal development, as to weaken the hig

18、hlight of the individual architecture greatly. This kind of layout became dominant depending on the overall momentum of the symmetry, concert and good order among groups instead of the modeling of individual architecture.Chinese people have surprising control ability to the architectural groups. The

19、 first difference 第16頁(yè)，共25頁(yè)。 The first difference 第17頁(yè)，共25頁(yè)。In the group harmony of Chinese architectures, it is characterized by “courtesy” of the Confucianism. “Courtesy” is the criteria of dividing into the differences among people. Therefore, it has clear expression on the primary and secondary

20、in architecture. The architectures with different grades have the corresponding position, form, color and roof styles, etc. All these also reflected the ethics of Chinese architecture.For instance, in the Forbidden City, all the buildings are arranged in a certain courtesy order, so as to show the t

21、remendous momentum.中國(guó)建筑的群體和諧中，以儒家的“禮”的思想為特色?！岸Y”是一種劃分人與人之間差異區(qū)別的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，因此，建筑中有著鮮明的主次表達(dá)。不同級(jí)別的建筑有著與自身級(jí)別相應(yīng)的位置、形式、色彩、屋頂樣式等等。這也正體現(xiàn)了中國(guó)建筑的倫理觀念。 The first difference 圖 故宮第18頁(yè)，共25頁(yè)。The second difference on history and culture between Chinese and western architecture is the spirit of democracy in the west and autoc

22、ratic and hierarchical thinking in China.中西方建筑歷史文化的第二個(gè)差異是西方的民主精神和和中國(guó)的專制等級(jí)思想。 The second difference 第19頁(yè)，共25頁(yè)。在古希臘建筑中，大型建筑往往依地勢(shì)而建，并不強(qiáng)調(diào)中軸對(duì)稱和等級(jí)思想。如雅典的建筑衛(wèi)城中，建筑物的安排順應(yīng)地勢(shì)，布局方式自由活潑，給人的感覺是生機(jī)勃勃多于莊嚴(yán)肅穆。 The second difference 圖 雅典衛(wèi)城山門 Graph 4 the Propylaea in Athens AcropolisIn the ancient Greek architectures, t

23、he large-scale buildings are often established according to the topography, not emphasized the axis symmetry and hierarchical thinking. For instance, in the Acropolis of Athens, the layout of buildings is in accordance with the topography. The free and lively layout makes people full of vigor more t

24、han in a solemn and awe-inspiring atmosphere.第20頁(yè)，共25頁(yè)。In the ancient Chinese architectures, there always showed the well-fortified hierarchy from the layout, dimension, structural units, architectural ornaments, building materials to the city size, even the road width, etc. The strong hierarchy reg

25、ulations are filled with everywhere. Even some relative laws and regulation involved.而中國(guó)古代建筑中，有著壁壘森嚴(yán)的等級(jí)制度，從建筑的布局方位、形體大小、結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件、建筑裝飾、建筑材料到城市大小、道路寬度等等，處處凝聚著強(qiáng)烈的等級(jí)規(guī)范。甚至還有相關(guān)法律規(guī)定。 The second difference 第21頁(yè)，共25頁(yè)。The third difference is the mysterious religious content of the western architecture and harmoni

26、c realism in China. The westerners believe in god and have a kind of extraordinary devotion to religion. However, the Chinese people believe that their fates will be in their own hands. They will be safe and sound if abiding by the laws and behave themselves. They will be punished if making mistakes

27、. The Chinese people are very realistic. They will not believe in God too much but live in peace and coordinate with reality. Even the ancient Chinese religious buildings are also filled with quite a strong secular color.第三個(gè)差異是西方建筑神秘的宗教色彩和中國(guó)調(diào)和的現(xiàn)實(shí)主義。西方人相信神靈，對(duì)宗教有一種極度的虔誠(chéng)。而中國(guó)人相信自己的命運(yùn)掌握在自己的手中，安分守己就會(huì)平安，犯錯(cuò)

28、就會(huì)受懲罰。中國(guó)人都很現(xiàn)實(shí)，不會(huì)過分信仰神靈，而是安安穩(wěn)穩(wěn)過日子，與現(xiàn)實(shí)相協(xié)調(diào)。就算是中國(guó)古代的宗教建筑也有著相當(dāng)強(qiáng)烈的世俗色彩。 The third difference 第22頁(yè)，共25頁(yè)。西方對(duì)宗教建筑極為重視，在古建筑中宗教建筑往往代表著時(shí)代建筑的最高水平。設(shè)計(jì)師們使用垂直發(fā)展的空間序列和挺拔向上的形式，來表達(dá)人們對(duì)神的崇拜以及對(duì)天國(guó)的熱切向往和癡迷。西方人不像中國(guó)人重視世俗皇權(quán)，而是重視自己心靈中的神，用最好的材料、最好的技術(shù)來建造一座座名垂千古的神廟和教堂。 The third difference The westerners paid more attention to the religious buildings. In the ancient buildings, the religious buildings often represent the top level of the architecture at that time. The designers applied the vertical space sequence and upward straight form to express the peoples worship to the God and the eager yearning an