雅思基礎(chǔ)寫(xiě)作四課件

1、大作文與小作文差別The most important difference-creativity小作文：排斥任何形式的創(chuàng)造分析、歸納、對(duì)比、綜合能力對(duì)于語(yǔ)法的寬松態(tài)度用詞、句型的固定與可預(yù)測(cè)性大作文：創(chuàng)造與表達(dá)用詞、句型的靈活性對(duì)于語(yǔ)法的嚴(yán)格態(tài)度注意邏輯、文章結(jié)構(gòu)、防止跑題大作文準(zhǔn)備Time distribution How to prepare: 1 knowledge background and vocabulary（ten principles） 2 the fundamentals: grammar ，sentence pattern and memorization of sam

2、ple essays（4、5、6）高分因素5分：是否過(guò)250字，是否切題與重大表達(dá)語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤6分：句型復(fù)雜程度，錯(cuò)誤數(shù)量7分：詞匯的復(fù)雜和精細(xì)程度，句型的多樣程度。注意以上后面的要求同時(shí)包含前面的要求，也就是說(shuō)，如果你的字?jǐn)?shù)不到250，即使句型不錯(cuò)，一般很難得到7分，除非寫(xiě)出了9分的句型和詞匯，A類(lèi)同學(xué)不要吝嗇字?jǐn)?shù)。大作文寫(xiě)作練習(xí)方法基本功練習(xí)：1 paraphrasing 多種表達(dá)方式：句子與用詞的練習(xí) A對(duì)B很重要（不是直譯而是意思的表達(dá)）練習(xí)要點(diǎn)：練習(xí)時(shí)不要拘泥與字面意思（形合），要更加注重意合 練習(xí)：A對(duì)B不重要練習(xí)答案A is not important to bA is of tri

3、vial importance to BA means nothing to BA plays an (a) Inconsequential / insignificant / piddling /unconsidered / unimportant / trivial / trifling part in BB will not be affected without AThe importance of A to B could certainly be ignored / denied.基本功練習(xí)方法2. 擴(kuò)充句子：extension用不同的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)擴(kuò)充，如同位語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)，插入語(yǔ)，

4、從句等等，不要重復(fù)同一語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)i like dogs -i like small pet dogs -i like small pet dogs especially when I am alone - i like small pet dogs especially when I am alone, because they can give me a warm feeling -i like small pet dogs especially when I am alone, because they can give me a warm feeling that someone is t

5、here for meExtension - Two years ago, when my girlfriend left me, i began to like small pet dogs especially when I was alone, because they could give me a warm feeling that someone will always be there for me, never hurt me ,care for me and stay with me for all my life .練習(xí)：education is important基本功練

6、習(xí)方法3 .句式變化：內(nèi)容不變的前提下，結(jié)構(gòu)的變化主語(yǔ)的變化，主被動(dòng)變化，長(zhǎng)短句變化。主動(dòng)1 The police arrested the thief.2 He gave me a present. 3 The headmaster has punished the boy. 4 Workmen are building a new road outside my house. 5 The news agent delivers our papers every morning. 6 The postman delivered a letter this morning. 7 Prisone

7、rs of war built this bridge in 1942. 被動(dòng)the thief was arrested by the police a present was given to me by himthe boy has been punished by the headmaster a new road is being built by the workmen outside my house our papers are delivered by the news agent every morning a letter was delivered by the pos

8、tman this morning this bridge was built by the prisoners of war in 1942 雙賓語(yǔ)問(wèn)題She is making Tom a new coat Tom is being made a new coat A new coat is being made for Tom 英語(yǔ)表達(dá)的特別注意1. 英語(yǔ)漢語(yǔ)的邏輯區(qū)別英語(yǔ)的“althoughbut” 結(jié)構(gòu)和漢語(yǔ)的“雖然但是”結(jié)構(gòu)。邏輯性：英語(yǔ)邏輯和漢語(yǔ)邏輯的不同-中間環(huán)節(jié)的省略雖然我是個(gè)女孩子，但是我有遠(yuǎn)大的理想Although I am a girl , I have ambitio

9、us dreams.I am a girl , but I have ambitious dreams.雖然我是個(gè)女孩子，但是我愛(ài)體育雖然我是個(gè)女孩子，但是我想當(dāng)別人的丈夫漢語(yǔ)邏輯的可怕之處見(jiàn)圖例一：飯吃了嗎你？Food eat you?豬喂了嗎你？pig feed you?have you fed the pig / are the pigs fed / did you feed the pig?例二：小芳的辮子比小紅長(zhǎng)The bianzi of xiaofang is longer than xiaohong造句：廈門(mén)的天氣比北京好。邏輯英語(yǔ)：法治語(yǔ)言例三：小強(qiáng)，媽媽老了，你該找個(gè)女孩照顧

10、你自己。xiaoqiang, you should find a girl to look after yourself.xiaoqiang, you should find a girl to look after you.表達(dá)2。 英漢表達(dá)方式區(qū)別：談戀愛(ài)、求婚：WILL YOU MARRY ME?男追女：翠花，愿意讓我照顧你一輩子嗎？ Cui Hua , would you like me to take care of you for all your life?女追男：彪哥，瞧你凍得，我給你織了條圍巾，愿意讓它一直陪著你嗎？Biao ge, oh no , you are freez

11、ing cold, here, I made a scarf for you, would you like to keep it for all your life?表達(dá)漢語(yǔ)：曲折型表達(dá)英語(yǔ)：直線型表達(dá)雅思寫(xiě)作考點(diǎn)：clearly標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是排斥曲折型表達(dá)的練習(xí)：回答問(wèn)題：小鳥(niǎo)經(jīng)常換巢穴，為什么大鳥(niǎo)不？因?yàn)椋捍篪B(niǎo)太大 because the big bird is too big ,so it is not easy for him to change its nest. 為什么回來(lái)晚了 why are you late?因?yàn)橄麓笥炅?because its raining cats and do

12、gs!文化背景3.英漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言文化區(qū)別：fun 福propaganda：宣傳？as stupid as a pig? donkey?as hardworking as a cow? bull? horse? ox?思維定式的區(qū)別 4. 思維定式的區(qū)別 “every coin has two sides” 中國(guó)學(xué)生百用不爽的“every coin has two sides”，這一點(diǎn)不可怕，可怕的是馬上加上一句 “including positive side and negative side”。老外眼中的兩面中國(guó)人眼中的兩面Task 2 scoring1 AIE: arguments, ide

13、as and evidences 點(diǎn)、據(jù)、證2 CQ: communicative quality 交流質(zhì)量3 VSS: vocabulary and sentence structure 詞匯和句子結(jié)構(gòu)AIEArguments, Ideas and Evidence (AIE) refers to whether a point of view is clearly expressed developed and supported. A good candidate will be able to assess opposing points of view as well as supp

14、ort his/her argument with suitable evidence. The examiner will check the accuracy, appropriacy and relevance of the information included in the answer.CQCommunicative Quality (CQ is very similar to Coherence and Cohesion in Task 1 and refers to- how easily and how well the message of the essay can b

15、e understood by the reader. The examiner will check to see that the essay communicates clearly, has a suitable layout and has a logical ordering of points. Using correct connectives to link points will aid Communicative Quality.VSSVocabulary and Sentence Structure (VSS) refers to the range, appropri

16、ateness, and accuracy of vocabulary, spelling, tense, and sentence structure. The examiner assesses the ability of the candidate to use a variety of tenses correctly, handle a range of vocabulary appropriately, spell words correctly, and use vocabulary and grammar to express points.三（四）個(gè)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)詳解對(duì)于Idea

17、s（論點(diǎn)）而言，應(yīng)該注意的是不要出現(xiàn)跑題。詞匯量有限，導(dǎo)致題目中的單詞不認(rèn)識(shí)，從而寫(xiě)作的時(shí)候?qū)戨x題了。Nowadays, international tourism is the biggest industry in the world. Unfortunately, international tourism creates tension rather than understanding between people from different cultures. Do you agree or disagree? 應(yīng)對(duì)技巧：雅思的命題模式：情景命題Evidence（論據(jù)）的問(wèn)題對(duì)于

18、Evidence（論據(jù)）來(lái)說(shuō)，關(guān)鍵要合理，并且能夠證明論點(diǎn)例一：題目 Wild animals have no place in the 21st century and trying to protect these animals is a waste of resources. Do you agree or disagree?考生作文We can hardly imagine what our life will be like without wild animals. For example, if there is no cat, there will be more mice.

19、 The increase in the number of mice will result in the reduction of food resources and the spread of diseases. Thus, it is very important to protect animals.Both are animals 例二題目：The university should not provide so much theoretical knowledge but give students more practical training. Do you agree o

20、r disagree with this statement?考生作文In my opinion, I agree with this statement because of the following reasons.First , practical training is more important than theoretical knowledge for students. For instance, the most famous example of the importance of practical knowledge is from Chinese history,

21、 the general ZHAOKOU can only discuss the war on a paper, thats why he lost the battle with the enemy and he also lost his own life. second注意 ZHAO KUO be an armchair strategist engage in idle theorizing中國(guó)古代的例子（小心?。￢SS議論文在Vocabulary and Sentence Structure方面與Task 1的要求相同。大作文注意事項(xiàng)權(quán)重三分之二專(zhuān)業(yè)性的話題與專(zhuān)業(yè)性詞匯(前面所說(shuō)的

22、9分的句子與詞匯？)Alliteration： “on scrolls of silver snowy sentences” (Hart Crane)“在寫(xiě)滿銀色雪般句子的卷軸上”(哈特克蘭)Rhyme： if we look at a bigger picture and take the process of industrialization and modernization into consideration.Metaphor : “All the worlds a stage “整個(gè)世界就是一臺(tái)戲”（注意避免太過(guò)戲劇化的表述）注意事項(xiàng)簡(jiǎn)單句與復(fù)雜句，（復(fù)雜句越多越好？）6-8最偏

23、重的部分：語(yǔ)法與句子結(jié)構(gòu)（立意？）詞匯的檢查替換（鉛筆-擦掉）18-25句話（no academic writing）評(píng)分的主觀性(單親家庭對(duì)于子女的教育)是否要寫(xiě)標(biāo)題?審題猴子原則：莊子，齊物論 Zhuangzi Equality of All Substances 朝三暮四Chestnuts要啥給啥，決不多給，絕不少給題目單詞不認(rèn)識(shí)有關(guān)詞:情景命題與推斷With the development of modern science and technology the traditional culture is being lost. Some people think that tech

24、nology and culture are incompatible , you can not have both together. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?無(wú)關(guān)詞 書(shū)信題：you are required to join an Orientation session, but you dont have enough time. Write a letter to explain that.常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤提醒不一致(disagreements)例1. when one have money ,he c

25、an do what he want to .(人一旦有了錢(qián)，他就能想干什么就干什么.) once one has money ,he can do what he wants (to do) 修飾語(yǔ)錯(cuò)位(misplaced modifiers)i believe i can do it well and i better will know the world outside the campus.指代不清(ambiguous reference of pronouns)Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.(瑪麗和我姐姐很要好，因?yàn)樗鏊陌槟铩?Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid.主要的essay類(lèi)型Discussion & report ：分析某問(wèn)題原因、提出相應(yīng)的對(duì)策辦法 。 Analyze the possible