精選大學(xué)英語四六級考試寫作講座(一)、(二)、(三)

1、大學(xué)英語四六級考試寫作講座(一)、(二)、(三)PAGE PAGE 53大學(xué)英語四六級考試寫作講座一、二、三1. 四六級考試寫作簡介：根本要求：?大學(xué)英語教學(xué)大綱?中對于大學(xué)英語四六級寫作的要求是：考試時間為30分鐘，分值均為總分的15；四級考試要求在規(guī)定時間內(nèi)寫出120150詞不包括所給出的句子的短文，文章切題，文理通順，意思連貫，無重大語法錯誤。大學(xué)英語六級寫作的要求只在字數(shù)上比四級略有增加，即要求150180詞，其他方面與四級要求相同。大學(xué)英語四六級作文題采用總體評分的方法，閱卷人員就文章總體印象給出獎勵分，而不是按語言點的錯誤數(shù)目扣分?？偟恼f來是就其內(nèi)容及語言運用能力兩個方面對文章進行

2、綜合評判，內(nèi)容方面要考慮作文是否切題，是否根據(jù)不同的提示充分展開，能否借助英語清楚、確切而完整的表達思想；語言方面要考慮詞匯、句法及修辭等方面應(yīng)用英語的能力，以及用詞造句是否準確而又符合英語表達習慣，是否有由語言錯誤造成的理解上的障礙。同時，大綱明確規(guī)定“應(yīng)防止趨中傾向，該給高分的給高分，包括總分值；該給低分的給低分，包括零分。一名閱卷人員的全部作文試卷中不應(yīng)只給中間的幾種分數(shù)。評分標準：總分值為15分，共分五個等級：2分、5分、8分、11分、14分。假設(shè)認為某篇文章接近某分數(shù)段，那么以此分數(shù)段為基準，可根據(jù)優(yōu)劣加減一分，不得加減半分。注意，假設(shè)規(guī)定三段的作文只寫一段者給04分，只寫兩段者給0

3、9分。具體如下：0分白卷；作文與題目毫不相干；只有幾個孤立的詞而無法表達思想。2分條理不清，思路紊亂，語言支離破碎或大局部句子均有錯誤，而且多為嚴重錯誤。5分根本切題。表達思想不清楚，連貫性差。有較多的嚴重語言錯誤。8分根本切題。有些地方表達思想不夠清楚，文字勉強連貫；語言錯誤相當多，其中有一些是嚴重錯誤。11分切題。表達思想清楚，文字通順，但有少量語言錯誤。14分切題。表達思想清楚，文字通順，連貫性好。根本上無語言錯誤，僅有個別小錯。此外，到目前為止還未曾有因字數(shù)過多而扣分的例子，因為四六級寫作時間有限，考生不能寫太長的作文。但字數(shù)缺乏應(yīng)酌情扣分如題目中給出主題句、起始句、結(jié)束句、均不得計入

4、所寫字數(shù)，具體字數(shù)與扣分標準如下：累計字數(shù)四級11011910010990998089707969六級14014913013912012911011910010999扣分123579四六級寫作的題材和體裁：1. 題材：工作學(xué)習方面2001.6 A Letter to a Schoolmate、人生觀方面(1997.6 My View on Job-Hopping)、交通方面(1993.1 Motorcycles and City Traffic)、科技方面(1994.1 We Need to Broaden Our Knowledge)、社會方面(2000.1 How I Finance My

5、 College Education?)、文化及風俗方面(1999.1 Dont Hesitate to say No)、諺語方面(1997.1 Haste Makes Waste)體裁：提綱作文 79；提示作文英文題目及中文提示5；圖表、圖畫作文10；四六級寫作技巧：作文跑題是寫作的大忌，我們建議大家在動筆前花三五分鐘認真審題并列一個提綱，將思路理清。請參考“六問審題法：1什么文體？ 2寫作對象是誰？ 3寫作中心是什么？4寫作重點是什么？ 5采用什么寫作角度？ 6有無其他要求？作文題目是：Harmfulness of Fake Commodities 提示：1目前社會上有不少假冒商品fake

6、 commodities。為什么會有這種現(xiàn)象？2舉例說明假冒偽劣商品對消費者個人和社會等的危害。分析如下：1文體說明文；2寫作對象假冒商品；3寫作中心假冒商品存在的原因及其危害；4寫作重點剖析假冒商品的屬性；5寫作角度以第三人稱假冒商品；6 其他要求時間30分鐘，字數(shù)120以上。大學(xué)英語四六級考試寫作局部要求考生在30分鐘內(nèi)寫出分別不少于120和150字的短文，大多數(shù)考生能在規(guī)定時間內(nèi)完成，但很多作文質(zhì)量偏差，最突出的問題之一就是作文結(jié)構(gòu)散亂，缺乏條理。因此了解四六級寫作的根本模式很重要。四六級寫作大都是“三段式作文大約10句話就能滿足字數(shù)要求。其結(jié)構(gòu)根本如下：1.立論式:開篇：第一段(兩句)

7、句子一：寫出文章所要圍繞的大致話題句子二：確立文章主題論述：第二段(七句)句子三：引出作者持有此觀點的理由句子四：理由1句子五：支持理由1的細節(jié)1句子六：支持理由1的細節(jié)2句子七：理由2句子八：支持理由2的細節(jié)1句子九：支持理由2的細節(jié)2總結(jié)：第三段一句句子十：總結(jié)句與文章主題相照應(yīng)(1) My View on 題型:公說公有理，婆說婆有理，許多話題永遠爭論不休。四六級寫作考得最多的就是這種題型。例如：1.失敗是常有的事，2. 人們對失敗有各種不同的態(tài)度，3. 我對失敗的態(tài)度。套路1：Different people have different views on It is held tha

8、t But it is also held that Those who hold the first opinion In contrast, those who hold the second view As to me, I agree with the latter opinion. Admittedly, but this is not to say that 套路2：Peoples views/ ideas/ opinions on vary from person to person. Some people think that They hold this opinion b

9、ecause However, others hold that As to me, I am in favor of the first/ second idea. The following are the reasons for my choice/ personal inclination.First, while it is true that it doesnt mean that Besides, Admittedly, but this is not to say that Therefore/ In a word/ All in all, 套路3：When asked abo

10、ut a theme, different people will offer different opinions is no exception. Some people take it for granted/ think /believe that However, others hold that As far as I am concerned, Im in favor of the second view. The reasons are as follows. First, there is an element truth that Therefore, the first

11、view doesnt hold water/ cannot bear much analysis /cannot stand up to close examination.In conclusion (2) How to 題型:四六級考試考過“怎樣才能實現(xiàn)綠化、“我是如何克服英語學(xué)習中所遇到的困難的、“我怎么為我理想的職業(yè)做準備等等，這樣的立論式作文可以遵循以下的套路：Many ways can contribute to solving this serious problem, but the following ones may be most effective. First of

12、 all, Besides, /Another way to solve the problem of is Finally, These are not the best and the only three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take strong actions to (3) Why 題型:四六級寫作考原因的也比擬多，例如，“為什么自行車在中國這樣普及、“我參加CET6考試的理由等等。要說明原因，可用如下兩種套路：套路1： There are many reasons/ causes f

13、or , but in general, they come down to three major ones. For one thing, For another, Perhaps the prime reason / cause is that In one word, 套路2：There are many factors that may account for / contribute to/ responsible for the reason why , but the following are the most typicall ones.First, Besides / F

14、urthermore/ Moreover/ In addition/ Whats more, Most important of all/ Above all, All in all/ In conclusion, 附：例文1My View on Donating BloodPeoples views on donating blood vary from person to person. Some people think that it is glorious to donate blood. They hold this view because those who are in ur

15、gent need of blood can be saved. But others hold that it is foolish for people to donate blood. In their opinion, blood is very precious and losing 200ml or more may do harm to their health.As to me, I agree with the first opinion. The reasons of my choice are as follows. First, while it is true tha

16、t loss of too much blood is dangerous to ones health, it doesnt mean that donating a little blood is also harmful. On the contrary, doctors say that donating a little blood can promote metabolism. Second, there are many people who need our help. If my little blood can pull back somebody on the way t

17、o death, will there be anything that can make me even happier?Therefore, donating blood is glorious.例文2How to Solve the Problem of Heavy TrafficWith the booming of the motor industry, there are an increasing number of vehicles on the roads. As a result, traffic jams often occur.Many ways can contrib

18、ute to solving this serious problem, but the following ones may be most effective. First of all, roads should be broadened to lower the degree of congestion and to speed up the flow of heavy traffic. Another way to solve the problem of heavy traffic is to open up more bus routes to reduce bicycles a

19、nd automobiles. Finally, more underground passages should be developed so that people can commute by metro.These are not the best and the only three ways we can take. But it should be noted that if the government takes some actions to alleviate the traffic problem, all of us can enjoy more free traf

20、fic.例文3Why Are There So Many Rural Laborers in Shanghai?Nowadays, rural laborers flood in Shanghai. Men usually make a living by decorating houses for city-dwellers. Women usually work in the restaurant, washing bowls and plates. Some of them also work in state-run factories, undertaking the work ci

21、ty-dwellers are unwilling to do. There are many reasons for this social phenomenon, but in general, they come down to three major ones.For one thing, perhaps they are short of money and want to earn some money in Shanghai to cope with their difficulties. For another, they find it easier to make a li

22、ving in Shanghai than in the countryside. Perhaps the prime reason is that they admire the urban life and want to live in Shanghai permanently.From the above, the rural population is getting bigger and bigger in Shanghai and it has caused serious social problems. Therefore, the government should tak

23、e effective measures to restrict the rural population in Shanghai.大學(xué)英語四六級考試寫作講座二四六級考試寫作技巧：正式寫作英語作文中的“起、承、轉(zhuǎn)、合：在漢語文章中又起承轉(zhuǎn)合的過程，其實英語文章也有類似結(jié)構(gòu)。不管是命題作文，還是圖表信息轉(zhuǎn)換，還是規(guī)定情境作文，用起承轉(zhuǎn)合展開寫作是一個容易成功的方法?！捌鹁褪情_端，文章中常指開頭段，有中心句；“承就是承接，承接上文并加以申述，常指展開局部的討論；“轉(zhuǎn)就是轉(zhuǎn)折，從另一方面立論，遇到需轉(zhuǎn)折時常用表示“可是、“然而的連接詞；“合就是結(jié)尾，給出結(jié)論，結(jié)束全文，文章中指結(jié)尾段。有時文章中可能

24、會沒有“轉(zhuǎn)，但“合總是有的。Dont Hesitate to Say “No(起)Saying “No to others is often quite necessary and natural.(承)When we are asked to help but are unable to, we may say “No with explanations of reasons for our refusal. (轉(zhuǎn))But some people are reluctant to say “No when they should because they do not want either

25、 to make others disappointed or unhappy or to let others know of their limited ability. However, they do not realize that not to say “No when they should will not only cause delay in others business but also cause others to think sooner or later that they are distrustful persons. (合)Therefore, dont

26、hesitate to say “No.這是個有起承轉(zhuǎn)合結(jié)構(gòu)的段落，以主題句“起，緊接著是“承，從表示轉(zhuǎn)折意義的連接詞“but 那句開始“轉(zhuǎn)，最后以“therefore示意為 “合。英語文章中的起承轉(zhuǎn)合可用連接詞來加強聯(lián)系。在自己的短文中恰當?shù)氖褂?，會使文章讀起來邏輯連貫，意義清晰。“起：at first / at present / first of all / firstly / generally speaking / a proverb says / on the whole / it is clear that / currently / lately / many people o

27、ften ask this question / in general “承：for example / for instance / for this purpose / at the same time / in addition / indeed / no doubt / in fact / obviously / meanwhile / of course / also / moreover / besides / we must recognize that / similarly / “轉(zhuǎn)：but / to our surprise / unfortunately / fortun

28、ately however / on the other hand / but it is a pity that / nevertheless / in other words / on the contrary / in the same way / anyway / after all / other may find this to be true, but I “合：as a result / as I have said / at last / finally / in brief / in short / on the whole / therefore / to sum up

29、/ accordingly / above all / consequently / eventually / all in all / in a word / in conclusion / as has been noted如何開篇：引言局部要引出主題，確立論點。2正文局部是分析問題。每一個正文段落一般包括主題句和展開句。主題句一般放在句首，寫成簡單句，句子盡量清楚、簡潔；展開句須圍繞主題句展開闡述，可用列舉法列出相關(guān)事實和理由，或用舉例法進一步說明。寫展開句時要注意使用銜接詞和短語，必要時可在最后一句總結(jié)全段的主要內(nèi)容。主題句主題句的好壞直接關(guān)系到段落是否成功。因此主題句必須寫得完整、清

30、晰、具體。首先，主題句必須能夠完整的表達主題思想，并且必須是一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)完整的句子，不能只是只言片語。有的同學(xué)容易將提示機械地翻譯成短語，將其放在段落之首。例：Choosing Career社會上可選擇的職業(yè)很多選擇職業(yè)應(yīng)持的態(tài)度我理想的職業(yè)這是一篇提綱式的命題作文，第一段的提示性的語句可直接翻譯成句子We can choose among many professions in our society. 第二段和第三段只是提示性的短語，切不可在段首只寫上 attitude towards choosing career 和 my ideal career, 而應(yīng)將其開展成完整的語句 It i

31、s important to be sensible about the choice. 和 The career I like best is 其次，主題句要清楚，不能讓讀者感到模棱兩可。例：To play a sport, one needs to know something about it. (unclear)To play a sport requires good health. (clear)To play a sport requires fair rules. (clear)To play a sport, one needs to develop his good tem

32、per. (clear)最后，主題句要具體，不可過窄或過寬。它所包含的內(nèi)容太寬，會使主題顯得模糊不清，以致很難在一個段落之中把主題說清楚。如果包含的內(nèi)容過窄，又使得段落無法展開。例：Television plays an important role in our life. (broad)Television presents The Spring Festival Get-together Party in front of us. (narrow)Television brings us a vivid world. (medium)Television can play an educ

33、ational role in our daily life. (medium)換言之，主題句應(yīng)是可擴展句，它既要具有概括性，又要有具體的、標明主題導(dǎo)向的關(guān)鍵詞語。例：People like using computers very much.此句只是單純的陳述，缺乏概括性，可修改為：People make use of computers in a lot of ways. 其中 in a lot of ways 是該主題句的關(guān)鍵詞語。再如：Computers are very useful.該句缺乏具體的導(dǎo)向，因此可修改為：Computers are useful in many resp

34、ects. 或 Computers have a lot of uses.其中useful in many respects 和a lot of uses 是關(guān)鍵詞語。大學(xué)英語四六級考試寫作采用最多的文體是說明文與議論文，下面是寫這兩種文章時的常用開篇句型：When it comes to , some people think that . Others think that the opposite is true. There is probably some truth in both arguments but When asked about , the majority of p

35、eople say that , but others regard as There is a general discussion about . Those who criticize argue that . They believe that . But people who advocate , on the other hand, argue that Now, it is commonly believed that . They claim that . But I wonder whether With the general recognition , more and

36、more people believe that .In recent few years, there is a sharp increase in the number Recently there is a general attitude that One of the great writers once said that , now most of us agree with it.People used to think that . In the past . But things are quite different.According to a recent recor

37、d, it can be learned that 展開句寫好主題句和關(guān)鍵詞之后，下一步就是選擇能支持關(guān)鍵詞的有關(guān)素材，圍繞主題句來展開段落。展開句時主題句的延伸，起著輔助主題句、推展段落中心的作用。在寫作時，既要注意把思想表達清楚，表達翔實，又要注意簡明扼要、重點突出。每一個展開句都應(yīng)該是對主題句中表達主要思想的關(guān)鍵詞的明確的說明。要想寫好展開句，一個常用的方法就是在句子展開之前加以設(shè)問，然后解答。例：Topic sentence: English is an international language設(shè)問why: Why can we say English is an internat

38、ional language?解答because:because English is spoken by pilots and airport control operators on all the airways of the world.because over 70 percent of the worlds mail is written in English.because more than 60 percent of the worlds radio programs are in English.下面是擴展文章主體時常用的句型：The answer to this prob

39、lem involves many complex factors. For one thing, . Still another .My reason may be expressed as follows.The opinion may be supported by data .There is no better illustration of the point than the example of Although it is commonly held that , it is unlikely to be true that Good as this is, it has i

40、ts own disadvantages. For one thing, . For another, There is absolutely no reason for us to believe that Some people suggest that . But what these people fail to understand is that .(3) 結(jié)尾句結(jié)尾局部應(yīng)與首段相照應(yīng)，但要換個句型或方法來表達，防止與首段簡單重復(fù)。有的考生因時間有限或感到無話可說便不寫結(jié)尾，這是完全錯誤的。文章的結(jié)尾給人的印象深刻的程度僅次于開頭，為了使文章結(jié)構(gòu)完整，必須寫結(jié)尾，為了給文章增色，還

41、要寫好結(jié)尾。好的結(jié)尾能取得畫龍點睛的效果，而不好的結(jié)尾卻會給人狗尾續(xù)貂的感覺。四六級作文常見的結(jié)尾句型：總結(jié)式From what has been discussed above, we may safely arrive at the conclusion that .In conclusion, I would like to say that is a question that deserves special attention from the public.Therefore, we can draw the following conclusions 2) 展望式Obvious

42、ly, if we cant change the situation, there is every chance that will be put in danger.It is high time that . Here are a few examples of some of the things that might be done immediately. Anyway, whether it does us good or harm, it is certain that it will undoubtedly .If we want to achieve our succes

43、s, we can learn from the words of Bacon .2. 比照式開篇: 第一段: (兩句)句子一：寫出文章所要圍繞的大致話題;句子二：寫出兩種不同觀點。論述：第二段：三句句子三：寫出正方觀點的理由；句子四：支持正方理由的細節(jié)1句子五：支持正方理由的細節(jié)2第三段：三句句子六：寫出反方觀點的理由；句子七：支持反方理由的細節(jié)1句子八：支持反方理由的細節(jié)2總結(jié)：第四段：兩句句子九：明確作者的觀點；句子十：總結(jié)句語氣中一觀點相照應(yīng)，強化主題。Advantages and Disadvantages of 題型事物總是一分為二的。四六級寫作題目中有許多涉及某一事物的正反兩方面

44、。例如：“運動的積極因素與消極因素、“摩托車的優(yōu)點與缺點等。凡涉及到利弊的題目時可用以下的套路：Nowadays, play(s) an important part/role in (is /are popular around us). Like everything else, has /have both favorable and unfavorable aspects. Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.First,. Besides, . Most important of all, But every coin

45、 has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. To begin with, . To make matters worse/worst of all, Through above analysis, I believe that the advantages/positive aspects outweigh the disadvantages/negative ones. Therefore, (2) A or B 題型人生面臨著許多抉擇，這在四六級寫作題目中也反映了出來。如：“始終從事一種工作還是經(jīng)常更換工作、“有選擇的讀書

46、還是博覽群書。碰到這種“兩者選一的題目，可運用以下套路：套路1：When we/you , we/you will be faced with the choice between A and B. before making the right choice, we/you had better make a close comparison and contrast of them.First of all, A . Also, b . Second, A . Likewise, B . Despite their similarities. A and B are also differ

47、ent in the following aspects. First, A . However , B . Besides, A . On the contrary, B Therefore, it depends which we / you should choose. If we/you , we/you should choose A; but if we/you , we / you should turn to B.套路二：When we , it is inevitable to meet the choice between A and B. We would be rega

48、rded as inconsiderate if we rushed our decision without comparing or contrasting them.First / First of all / To begin with, both A and B A . However, B . Besides / Moreover / In addition / whats more, A . However/In contrast/On the contrary/On the other hand, Finally, the most striking difference is

49、 that A while B . Therefore, it is not difficult to make a right choice now. if we we will choose A; but if we we will turn to B. In a word, the key lies in 例文： On ComputerNowadays, computers are very popular around us. Like everything else, computers have both favorable and unfavorable aspects. Gen

50、erally, the advantages and be listed as follows.First, computers can calculate. They can make work more efficient for they have a high speed of calculation. Besides, people can communicate with each other by E-mail, which costs people less money and less time. Most important of all, computers create

51、 wide communication around the world. People can communicate with each other by joining internet. They can make friends all over the world.But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. T begin with, since computers can do a lot of work for us, such as calculation, we may rely

52、 too much on them and become lazier and lazier. To make matters worse, although it is convenient for people to communicate with each other by E-mail, the original warm relationship may become cold, for people will have fewer opportunities to talk to each other face to face. Worst of all, computers w

53、ill have virus caused by electronic hackers so that a lot of important information will be lost.Through above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects outweigh the negative aspects. Therefore, I believe, computers will have a bright future.Traveling by Train or by PlaneWhen we go on a business

54、trip, we will be faced with the choice between traveling by train and by plane. Before making the right choice, we had better make a close comparison and contrast of them.First of all, a train will take us to our target railway station. Also, a plane will take us to the target airport. Second, in a

55、train we can enjoy the beautiful scenery of the countryside. Likewise, in a plane we can command a good view of fields, buildings, mountains and even clouds below. Despite their similarities, traveling by train and by plane are also different in the following aspects. First, a train ticket is cheap.

56、 Most of us can afford it. However, a plane ticket is about twice as expensive as a train ticket. Most of us train gets into some trouble, we may survive by jumping out of it. On the contrary, if we travel by plane, we have to ask God to bless us. Finally, it takes us longer time to travel by train

57、than by plane.Therefore, it depends which transportation tool we should choose. If we just want to save money, we will travel by train; but if we want to save time, we will turn to the plane.大學(xué)英語四六級考試寫作講座 (三)四六級考試作文中的一些考前須知：圖表、圖畫作文：圖表、圖畫作文是要求考生根據(jù)題目范圍及表格、數(shù)據(jù)或漫畫、圖片提供的信息進行寫作。這類作文主要考查考生對非文字材料用文字進行轉(zhuǎn)述或分析說明

58、的能力。做圖表作文時要首先研讀圖表，對所給數(shù)據(jù)、圖形、分類、曲線、橫線、縱線及百分比等要有個完整的了解，在此根底上進行分析整理。有時并不需要把所有的數(shù)據(jù)都一一表述分析，而應(yīng)抓住其中有代表性、有規(guī)律性的數(shù)據(jù)進行分析。防止過多的引用、描述，要找出規(guī)律，找出開展趨勢便是圖表作文的根本寫作思路。特別要注意的是圖表作文中所引用的數(shù)據(jù)不是單純?yōu)榱艘枚?，而是為了更有力的說明或論述某個觀點。在近十年里圖表、圖畫式作文在四六級考試中共出現(xiàn)了四次，占總數(shù)的10。圖表作文要求考生首先看懂圖表意在展示的內(nèi)容然后準確的、條理清晰的進行描述、概括以及最后得出符合情理的結(jié)論。它通常的模式為：對圖表的描述對圖表的概括對

59、圖表所作的結(jié)論注: 1. 圖表中所給的數(shù)據(jù)一般都比擬多，但考生不能在文中一一羅列，而要去繁就簡，抓住重要信息加以描述。審閱圖表時，要心細眼明。但凡印在考卷上的都可能有用。2. 對圖表描述后的概括、發(fā)現(xiàn)或議論要注意符合圖表本意，不可泛泛而論，或越扯越遠。言之有理、言之有句才能事半功倍。3. 文章最后得出的結(jié)論要符合情理。它既能給閱卷者一個新意，又在情理之中。這結(jié)論可以是歸納，也可以是對未來的一種預(yù)測。例:Family Bank DepositsRMB (yuan)YearAverage Family DepositsTotal Family Deposits19841338130.5 billi

60、on19907869757.3 billion1998320002533.2 billion對圖表的描述：The period 1984-1998 saw a great increase in family bank deposits in Chinas cities and towns, as is shown in the above table. Compared with the total bank deposits in 1984, the amount in 1998 was 19.4 times as much as that year.對圖表的概括：Several fact