句子成分和句子種類課件

1、 主在前、謂在中，賓語、狀語后面沖。 短語定語主賓后，形、代定語主賓前。 間賓直賓緊相依，直、間之間to、for連。賓補位于賓語后，地狀常在時狀前。【考點掃描】（一）命題趨勢 在中考中，雖然沒有將句子成分的劃分作為一種題型去考查，但是了解句子的各個組成部分，會有利于同學們對英語句子的理解，正確使用英語句子，從而提高每個題目的得分率。（二）突破方法1、掌握主語謂語之間人稱和數(shù)的一致。2、區(qū)分雙賓語和復合賓語。3、了解英語句子成分與漢語的不同，在 英語書面表達中，寫出標準的句子?！局R清單之一】、帶兩個賓語的動詞有 bring, give, show, send, pass, tell 等。間接賓

2、語一般放在直接賓語的前面。My father bought me a digital camera. 間接賓語 直接賓語2、接to的動詞有：give, bring, pass, lend, sell, send, show, tell, write等。Give the letter to your mother. 把信給你的母親。 直接賓語 間接賓語 Give your mother the letter. 接for的動詞有：buy, find, cook, draw, get, sing等。 Can you find me my bag? Can you find my bag for me

3、? 你能幫我找我的包嗎？ 直接賓語 間接賓語這正是：人前物后看清楚，換位要加for或to。3、常跟賓語補足語的動詞有： make,consider,see,find,call,get,have,let, hear, ask, keep等。They decided to call the baby Linda. 賓語 賓補We found the little girl in the hill. 賓語 賓補 【知識清單之二】主謂語一致三原則、語法一致、意義一致、鄰近原則【趁熱打鐵練一練】1. Both Kate and I _ ready for the picnic now. A. is no

4、t B. is getting C. are getting D. am getting2. _ of the workers in this factory is about two hundred. _ of them are women workers. A. The number; First third B. The number; One third C. A number; Half D. A number; Three quarters3. A boy with two dogs _ when the earthquake rocked the city. A. were sl

5、eeping B. is asleep C. was sleeping D. are asleep4. There _ two pictures and a map of China on the wall. A. are B. has C. have D. is5. Neither he nor I _ going to the park. A. be B. is C. are D. am6. A lot of food _ to that country after the war was over. A. was sent B. are sent C. is sending D. sen

6、t7. Neither of the two brothers _ with their parents. A. live B. are living C. like to live D. lives8. The children each _ a computer in class. A. have B. has C. there is D. there are9. Doing eye exercises _ good for your health. A. are B. is C. have D. has10. Li Mings family _ a large one. Now the

7、whole family _ watching TV. A. is; is B. are; are C. are; is D. is; are句子種類句子可以從兩種角度來分類：（一）根據(jù)句子的用途來分類，英語的句子有下列 幾種： 1、陳述句 2、疑問句 3、祈使句 4、感嘆句（二）根據(jù)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)來分類，英語的句子可分為 以下幾種： 1、簡單句 2、并列句 3、復合句【考點掃描】（一）命題趨勢 中考側(cè)重考查學生的綜合運用能力，對陳述句、疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句的考查在近五年的中考測試中屢見不鮮，特別是反意疑問句和祈使句在具體語境中的靈活運用尤為突出。他們主要以單項選擇、句型轉(zhuǎn)換等形式出現(xiàn)。（二）突

8、破方法1、掌握陳述句的肯定式、否定式和除no, not以外的 表示否定意義的詞。2、注意疑問詞的意思和用法，重點掌握反意疑問句。3、掌握否定祈使句，let開頭的祈使句，加強語氣的 祈使句。4、掌握what和how引導的感嘆句和一些特殊形式。【知識清單】 初中生需要掌握的句子種類肯定句、陳述句否定句一般疑問句、疑問句選擇疑問句特殊疑問句 反意疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句邊做邊看1. 肯定句變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧浼胺穸ň鋋.變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧鋾r，系動詞be、助動詞或 情態(tài)動詞置于主語之前。例1 He was so clever. _ _ so clever?例2 John felt happy at that ti

9、me. _ John _ happy at that time?例3 We can fly to the moon one day. _ _ fly to the moon one day? WasheDidfeelCanyoub.變?yōu)榉穸ň鋾r，系動詞、助動詞或情態(tài) 動詞后加not。例1 The twins were happy to see their uncle. The twins _ _ to see their uncle. 例2 Mr. Smith works hard every day. Mr. Smith _ _ hard every day.例3 The doctor co

10、uld help that man. The doctor _ _ that man.werenthappydoesntworkcouldnthelpc. 如果肯定句中含有some, and, a lot of / lots of, already, too / also, bothand, always, everything / everyone / everybody等詞(組)， 要變?yōu)閍ny, or, much / many, yet, either, neithernor, nothing / nobody, never。 例1 They had lots of friends in

11、 China. They _ have _ friends in China. 例2 I could dance and sing when I was five years old. I _ dance _ sing when I was five years old. didntmanycouldntord. 否定前移例 He can make a model plane, I think. (否定句) I _ think he _ make a model plane.e. 一些特殊結(jié)構(gòu)，變否定句時，在動詞（詞組）后直接加not。例1 Mother told me to go to be

12、d early last night. Mother told me _ _ go to bed early last night.例2 Lets play basketball on the playground Lets _ _ basketball on the playground. 另外，還有ask sb. (not) to do sth， Will you please (not) do sth， had better (not) do sth，try (not) to do sth, decide (not) to do sth等。 dontcannottonot play2.

13、對劃線部分提問 對劃線部分提問是根據(jù)劃線的內(nèi)容提出一個特殊疑問句。即: 特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句構(gòu)成。a.如劃線部分是定語，它所修飾的詞要跟隨特殊疑問 詞移至句前。例1 This is Kates hat. _ _ is this?例2 The man in the car is my fathers friend. _ _ is _ fathers friend? WhosehatWhichmanyourc. 常見疑問詞(組)：what, what+名詞 (如: what colour, what grade等), when, why, where，who (whom), which, who

14、se, how, how+形容詞/ 副詞 (如: how long, how far, how often, how soon等)。要注意以上各種疑問詞(組)的用法。 b.劃線部分如是謂語動詞，應該用do的形式來取代。例1 They are looking for the boy in the city. _ are they _ in the city?例2 Ann flew to Beijing last year. What _ Ann _ last year? Whatdoingdiddo祈使句表示請求或命令的句子。其主語常是you，但一般不需講出來。、肯定形式的祈使句由動詞原形開頭。

15、如：Give me a pen, please. Be quiet, please. 、否定形式的祈使句在動詞原形之前加not。如：Dont play with fire.、“L”結(jié)構(gòu)使役句。Let (第一、三人稱)賓語動詞原形其他成分其否定形式是：Let sb. not 動詞原形其他成分如：Let him have a try. Lets not sit under the tree.反意疑問句、結(jié)構(gòu)：陳述部分提問部分如：Tom cant swim, can he? Your sister didnt like to dance, did she? You and I did it toge

16、ther, didnt we?、基本原則：前肯后否，前否后肯。前后人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)要一致，疑問部分要用代詞。事實回答用Yes,非事實回答用No。考點點撥、各種祈使句的反意疑問句的后半句都用will you，但Lets句用shall we。、注意一些特殊詞，如：little，few，no，nothing，never，hardly等出現(xiàn)時，前半句表示否定的概念，后半句應用肯定形式。、若陳述句部分是主從復合句，主句的主語是第一人稱 I / we，其謂語動詞又是think, believe, suppose等，疑問部分的主語一般與從句的主語一致。（應特別注意否定的轉(zhuǎn)移）例1 Class 3 were t

17、he winners in the race, _ _?例2The man couldnt climb up the tree, _ _?例3 There is little water in the bottle, _ _?例4Dont tell him the bad news, _ _? 例5 Lets stop to have a rest, _ _?例6 Little Mary is unhappy today, _ _?例7 We dont think you are right, _ _?另外，注意以下句子： I am a student, _ _?What a kind gir

18、l, _ _?How fast the boy runs, _ _?werenttheycouldheistherewillyoushallweyouareisntshearentIisntshedoesnthe感嘆句 感嘆句往往由what和how引導。至于what和how的區(qū)別則是再好辨別不過了。跟我背一背下面的順口溜，感嘆句你就不再陌生了。感嘆句用法很簡單, How和What放句前, How與形、副詞類連, What后面名詞添. 主語謂語不用變, 省掉它們也常見. 以全國各地歷屆中考試題為例，將感嘆句分為六種句型：句型：Whata以輔音開頭的形容詞單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞主語謂語！_ a nice w

19、atch it is! (山東)A. How B. What C. What a D. How aB句型：Whatan以元音開頭的形容詞單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞主語謂語！_ interesting book (it is)! (新疆)A. How B. What C. How a D. What anD 句型：What形容詞復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞主語謂語！_ bright girls they are! (浙江)A. What B. What a C. How D. How aA句型：What形容詞不可數(shù)名詞主語謂語！“_ bad weather!” “Yes, but its going to be fine s

20、oon, I think.”A. How B. What a C. What an D. What (福建)D句型：How形容詞主語謂語！_ interesting the film is! A. What B. What an C. How (湖北)C句型：How副詞主語謂語！The children are working hard. (改為感嘆句)(北京)_ hard the children are working!How例1The twins study Chinese very hard. _ _ the twins study Chinese!例2The weather was

21、rather bad yesterday. _ _ _ it was yesterday!例3The flowers are beautiful. _ _ _ they are! _ _ _ flowers are! 在陳述句改為感嘆句時，要增加句子成分，感嘆詞what和how分別為按句子的要求而增加的定語或狀語，句子其他成分不變。HowhardWhatbadweatherWhatbeautifulflowersHowbeautifulthe特殊句型 There be句型口訣：There be句型有特點，主語跟在be后邊；單數(shù) is 復數(shù) are，注意 be 的兩變化。否定句 be 后 not

22、 加，疑問句 be 在 there 前。 介詞短語表地點， “有” 表“存在” 記心間。如：There is a picture on the wall. There are some apples on the tree. - Is there any milk in that glass? -Yes, there is. / No, there isnt (any).There be結(jié)構(gòu)的特殊疑問句有以下兩種形式就There be結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語的名詞提問，無論主語是單數(shù)、復數(shù)形式，習慣用法是“Whats某地”，中間通常不用there，例如： There is a bike under the

23、 tree. Whats under the tree?There are many books on the desk.Whats on the desk?就There be結(jié)構(gòu)中表示數(shù)量的詞提問，習慣用法是 How many名詞(復數(shù))are there介詞短語？或 How much 不可數(shù)名詞is there介詞短語？例如：There is only a teacher in the classroom.How many teachers are there in the classroom?【考點掃描】（一）命題趨勢 并列句是歷年中考的重點測試內(nèi)容，也是中考必考題。主要以句型轉(zhuǎn)換、單項

24、選擇的形式出現(xiàn)，還有一部分放在完形填空中進行考查。（二）突破方法1、了解并列句的構(gòu)成，掌握常見并列連詞的用法。2、重點掌握not onlybut also, neithernor, eitheror, while, when等并列連詞。并列句由并列連詞把兩個以上的簡單句連在一起構(gòu)成的句子?！局R清單】并列句的結(jié)構(gòu)：簡單句并列詞簡單句。并列句的考查重點是并列連詞。并列句種類常用并列連詞例句對等關系and, so, not onlybut also, bothand, neither, norI help him and he helps me.選擇關系or, eitheror, neithern

25、orHurry up, or youll miss the train.轉(zhuǎn)折關系but, yet, however, whileHe wanted to see the film, but no ticket.因果關系so, forHe cant see it, for he is blind.Id like to go shopping with you, _ Im too busy today. A. but B. and C. so D. or2. Look left and right before you cross the road, _ you may be hit by a c

26、ar. A. so B. and C. or D. but3. Little Kate went to school _ it snowed heavily yesterday. A. if B. though C. because D. since4. _ we are very young, _ we can speak English well. A. Though, but B. Because, so C. Though, / D. Because, /練一練1. I can mend the bike. Li Lei can, too. I can mend the bike, a

27、nd _ _ Li Lei.2. If you dont work hard, you will fail. Work hard, _ you will fail.同義句轉(zhuǎn)換so canor一起來做中考題1. Miss Zheng will never forget her first visit to Canada, _? A. will she B. wont she C. isnt she D. wasnt she (04濟南)2. -_I have to show the school report to my parents, Miss King? -Yes, you do. A. Must B. Do C. Can D. May (05濟南)3. -_will the foreign students be back from Qufu? -In two days, I think. A. How soon B. How often C. How far D. How fast (05濟南)4. He _say _. A. dont, something B. didnt, anything C. doesnt, something D. dont, anyt