英語(yǔ)譯林牛津選修9課件m9u4grammar and usage

1、Unit 4Grammar and usageAnalysis of complicated sentencesObjectives To learn what simple sentences, compound sentences, complex sentences and pound sentences are To learn to analyse a complicated sentence語(yǔ)法講解建議采用歸納法，如盡可能多的呈現(xiàn)一些相關(guān)例句，或可讓學(xué)生從已學(xué)課文中找相應(yīng)例句，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生試著從所觀察到的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象中總結(jié)出語(yǔ)言規(guī)則和語(yǔ)法規(guī)律。Listening to beautiful

2、music is good for the soul.Look at the following sentences. Can you point out the subjects and predicates of them? (S=subject P=predicate)Ill come back in three days.SPSPThe two sentences are both simple sentences. A simple sentence, which contains a subject and a predicate, can be very long. We cal

3、l this kind of sentence long simple sentences.In other words, its meaning can be very different from the apparent meanings of its components.SubjectPredicateHow many clauses are there in this sentence?There are many idioms used in English and quite a few of them come from the Bible.There are two cla

4、uses, and the conjunction and is used to connect them.This is a compound sentence.In compound sentences, there are two or more clauses. These clauses are usually linked by coordinators such as and, or, while, for and but. Each clause can stand on its own.Studying idioms can help improve your compreh

5、ension, and by learning enough important idioms, you can develop a high level of competence in you communication skills.subordinate clause Look at the following sentences:If it hadnt been for their help, we couldnt have finished the work on time.I wonder if your wife will go to the ball. main clause

6、main clausesubordinate clauseThe two sentences are complex sentences. A complex sentence is made up of a main clause and one or more subordinate clauses. They are linked by subordinators such as because, when, where, if, since, that, unless, which, whose, while and although.Unless you recognize an i

7、diom when it is being used, it is easy to misunderstand what you read or hear spoken.Look at another sentence: (S=subject, P=predicate, O=object, C=conjunction) He completed a masterpiece and as this is the focus of the exhibition, I would like you to find out about it.main clauseSPOCadverbial claus

8、eIn this sentence, and links two sentences. The sentence before and is a simple sentence, while the sentence after and is a complex sentence. In the complex sentence, the main clause is I would like you to find out about it, and as this is the focus of the exhibition is used as an adverbial clause.

9、This kind of sentence is called a pound sentence.The general structure of types of sentences:1. the simple sentence:subject + predicate2. the compound sentence:subject + predicate + and/but/or/for + subject + predicate3. the complex sentence:main clause + subordinate clause4. the pound sentence:the

10、plex sentence + and/but/or + the complex /simple sentence課本練習(xí)A Look at the text on Page 57, and decide if each sentence is (a) a long simple sentence, (b) a compound sentence, (c) a complex sentence, or (d) a pound sentence.Answers: c 2. a 3. d 4. c5. c 6. c 7. b課本練習(xí)B Combine the group of sentences

11、to form one complicated sentence.One English proverb is the early bird catches the worm, which is frequently used to talk about hard work being the key to success.2. The proverb great minds think alike, but fools seldom differ is very famous although it is usually shortened to great minds think alik

12、e.3. The proverb dont count your chickens until they are hatched means dont count on something going well until it happens, and this proverb is very popular.4. The proverb make hay while the sun shines is very old, and it comes from the old days when people all worked on farms.ifTime for reflectionW

13、hat are simple sentences, compound sentences, complex sentences and pound sentences?1. _ he has limited technical knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience. A. Since B. Unless C. As D. although2. It was not until she got home _ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys. A. when B. that C. wher

14、e D. beforeQuiz I Multiple choice3. We thought there were 35 students in the dining hall, _, in fact, there were 40. A. while B. whether C. what D. which4. What did your parents think about your decision? They always let me do _ I think I should. A. when B. that C. how D. what5. Scientists say it ma

15、y be five or six years _ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients. A. since B. after C. before D. when6. Parents are taught to understand _ important education is to their childrens future. A. that B. howC. such D. so7. I work in a business _ almost everyone is waiting for a great chan

16、ce. A. how B. which C. where D. that8. Some pre-school children go to a day care center, _they learn simple games and songs. A. then B. there C. while D. where Her sister has e a lawyer, _ she wanted to be.A. who B. that C. what D. which10. We were told that we should follow the main road _ we reach

17、ed the central railway station.A. whenever B. until C. while D. wherever 11. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% _ are sold abroad .A. of which B. which of C. of them D. of that 12. The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success. for wh

18、ich B. at which C. in which D. on which13. Roses need special care _ they can live through winter. because B. so that C. even if D. as14. Is that the small town you often refer to? Right, just the one _ you know I used to work for years.A. that B. which C. where D. what15. There were dirty marks on

19、her trousers _ she had wiped her hands.A. where B. which C. when D. that16. _ you call me to say youre not coming, Ill see you at the theatre. ThoughB. Whether C. UntilD. Unless17. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _ the sailing time was 226 days. of which B. during which

20、 C. from which D. for which18. I hope you dont mind me asking, _ where did you buy those shoes?A. so B. and C. yet D. but19. Did Jack come back early last night?Yes. It was not yet eight oclock _ he arrived home.A. before B. when C. that D. until20. The old ladys hand shook frequently. She explained

21、 to her doctor _ this shaking had begun half a year before, and _, only because of this, she had been forced to give up her job.when; how B. how; when C. how; how D. why; why21. Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, _, he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students Uni

22、on. during which time B. for which time C. during whose time D. by that time22. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, _ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space. where B. what C. that D. how 23. _ modeling business is by no means easy to get into, the good model will always be in dem

23、and.A. While B. Since C. As D. If24. Anyway, that evening, _ Ill tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachels place. when B. where C. what D. which25. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer _ it was 20 years ago, _ it was so poorly equipped. what; when B. that; which C. what; which D. which; that26. You must keep on working in the evening, _ you are sure you can finish the task in time.A. as B. if C. when D. unlessQuiz II. Translation:1. 有許多種運(yùn)動(dòng),但我最喜歡的是游泳。There are many k