2019-2020年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)講義閱讀理解及訓(xùn)練13

1、2019-2020年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)講義閱讀理解及訓(xùn)練13小試牛刀 閱讀理解Lan guage lear ning begi ns with liste ning. Childre n are greatly differe nt in the amount of liste ningthey do before theystart speak ing, and later starters are ofte nlong liste ners.Most childre n will“ obey” spoke n in struct ions some time before theycan s

2、peak, though the word“obey” is hardly accurate as a description of the eagerand delighted cooperati on usually show n by the child. Before they can speak, many childre n will also ask questi ons by gesture and by making questi oning no ises.Any attempt to study the developme nt from the no ises babi

3、es make to their first spoken words leads to considerabledifficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy makingno ises, and that duri ng the first few mon ths one or two no ises sort themselves as particularly expressive as delight, pain, frien dli ness, and so on. But since these can t be said to show t

4、he baby s inten ti on to muni cate, they can hardly be regarded as early forms of Ian guage. It is agreed, too, that from about three mon ths they play with sounds for enjoyme nt, and that by six mon ths they are able to add new words to their store. This self-imitati on（模仿）leads on to deliberate （有

5、意的） imitati onof sounds made or words spoke n to them by other people. The problem the n arises as to the point at which one can say that these imitationscan be considered as speech.It is a problem we n eed to get out teeth in to. The meaning of a word depe nds on what a particular pers on means by

6、it in a particular situati on and it is clear that what a child means by a word will cha nge as he gains more experie nee of the world. Thus the use at seve n mon ths of“ mama as a greeti ng for his mother cannot bedismissed as a meanin gless sound simply because he also uses it at other times for h

7、is father, his dog, or anything else he likes. Playful and meaningless imitation of what other people say continues after the child has begun to speak for himself, I doubt, however whether anything is gained when parents take advantage of this ability in an attempt to teach new soun ds.Before childr

8、e n start speaking.they n eed equal amount of liste ningthey n eed differe nt amounts of liste ning*結(jié)束they are all eager to cooperate with the adults by obeying spoken instructionsthey can t understand and obey the adult s oral instructionsChildren who start speaking late .may have problems with the

9、ir listeningprobably do not hear enough language spoken around themusually pay close attention to what they hearoften take a long time in learning to listen properlyA baby s first noises are .an expression of his moods and feelingsan early form of languagea sign that he means to tell you somethingan

10、 imitation of the speech of adultsThe problem of deciding at what point a baby s imitations can be considered asspeech.is important because words have different meanings for different peopleis not especially important because the changeover takes place graduallyis one that should be properly underst

11、ood because the meaning of words changes with ageis one that should be pletely ignored（忽略） because children s use of wordsis oftenmeaninglessThe speaker implies.parents can never hope to teach their children new soundschildren no longer imitate people after they begin to speakchildren who are good a

12、t imitating learn new words more quicklyeven after they have learnt to speak, children still enjoy imitating5155 BDADIn 490 B.C. the Greek messenger, Pheidippides , ran about 40 kilometers from the town of “ Marathon ”to Athens to announce the victory of Athens over Macedon . Since then ,the 42- kil

13、ometer“ Marathon ” race has bee a great test for athletes.However, for many years , only men were allowed to run this race , because the distance was said to be unbearable for women. In 1966, an American women named Roberta Gibb proved that idea wrong.Gibb had always enjoyed running .One day in 1964

14、 , she saw the Boston Marathon happening as she was running in the woods. Since running meant a lot to her, she began training harder , hoping to join the marathon some day.Gibb finally applied to run in the 1966 Boston Marathon, but she was not given entrance because the Boston Marathon Association

15、 considered that womenwere not strong enough to run 42 kilometers . Yet, this was no obstacle to Gibb, for she knew she had the physical and mental strength to plete the race .On the day the 1966 Boston Marathon was held , Gibb hid in the bushes and jumped into the race when it began. She finished t

16、he race in 3 hours and 21 minutes, defeating two thirds of the men in the race and proving that women could run the marathon.Although what Gibb did was only to realize her dream, in doing so she showed the world that women could acplish greater things than many people believed they could.why were wo

17、men forbidden to run the 42- km marathon ?Training was only provided for men .Women could not work as messengers.Women were believed too weak to finish it.It was a race held only for professional athletesWhat did Roberta Gibb do to prepare herself for the Boston Marathon ?A .She dressed herself as a

18、 man.She trained herself harder than before.She found a job in the Boston Marathon Association .She hid in the bushes, waiting for the end of the race.What happened to Gibb in the 1966 Boston Marathon?Her application wasn t accepted.B . She was asked to train harder .Her determination amazed people.

19、She was wele to run the race.According to the text ,what can we learn from Roberta Gibbs story?Most women ran slower than men in marathons.Joining marathons is the best way to prove ones strength.It takes at least two years to train to bee a marathon runner.Women may be able to achieve greater thing

20、s than they re expected.B United States CapitolIt serves as the seat of government for the US Congress. It is localted in Washington,D.C.,on top of Capitol Hill at the eastern end of the National Mall.Officially, both the east and west sides of the Capitol are referred to as“ fronts, ” Historically,

21、however,the east front was initially the side of thebuildi ng inten ded for the arrival of visitors and famous guests.Pho ne:(202) 225-6827Official website:Hours:Monday-Saturday : 9:00 a.m.-4:30 p.m.In ternatio nal Spy MuseumIt is a privately owned museum dedicated to the fidld of espi on age

22、 localed inWash in gto n.D.C.,Themuseum was built by The Malrite pany at a cost of US $ 40milli on .Despite being one of the few museums in Washi ngton that charges admissi on fees,it has bee n popular since its ope ning in July xx.Phone:(202) 393-7798Official website:Hours:Mo nday-Su n

23、day:9:30 a.m.-6:00 p.m.Natio nal Museum of Natural HistoryIt is a n atural history museum adm ini stered by theSmiths onianIn stituti on ,localed on the Nati onal Mall in Wash ington ,D.C.,Admissi on is free andthe museum is open 364 days a year,The museum s collertions total over 125 million specim

24、ents of plants,animals,fossils,minerals,rocks,meteorites(隕石),and humancultural artifacts,making it the largest such museumanywhere .It is the second mostpopular of all of the Smiths onian museums and is also home to aboud 185 professi onal matural history scie ntists the largest group of scie ntists

25、 dedicated to the studyof the n atural and cultural history in the world.Phone:(202) 633-1000Official website: mn Jefferson MemorialIt is a presidentialmemorial in Washington,D.C.,dedicated to ThomasJefferson,anAmerica n Founding Father and the third preside nt of the Un ited States,The n eo

26、classical buildi ng was desig ned by Joh n Russell Pope, It was built by Philadelphia con tractor John Mc.Shain .Construction began in 1939,the building was pleted in 1942,and the bronze statue of Jeffers on was added in 1947 ,Whe n pleted,the memorial occupied one of the last significant sites left

27、 in the city.Phone:(202) 426-6821Official wdhsite:/thjeWhich admissio n is free?U nited States CapitolB.Jefferson MemorialC.I nternatio nal Spy Museum D.Natio nal Museum of Natural HistoryVisitors can learn more about in the Jefferson Memorial.the third America n preside nt B.the US gover nme

28、ntC.rock collect ionsD.n atural historyWhere does this text probably e from?A scie nee textbookB.A tourist guideC.A museum guideD.A history reportCThe Un ited Nati ons Environment Program is calli ng for urge nt actio n to reduce growing risks from chemicals. Better management of chemicals could sav

29、e millions of lives and billions of dollars. An estimated one hundred forty-three thousand chemicals are now produced. Yet only the report says only a small number of these chemicals have been studied for their effects on humanhealth and the environment. It says death and disability rates are high f

30、rom the unsafe use of chemical products.Sylvie Lemmet, director of the U.N. Environment Program, says poor management of chemicals has a high economic cost. For example, she says the cost is higher than the amount of overseas development aid, or ODA, for health care in sub-Saharan Africa.She says: I

31、f you look at the estimated cost of poisoning from pesticide in sub-Saharan Africa, only the injury and the loss of working time is estimated to be 6.3 billion U.S. dollars in xx. This is higher than the total ODA that is going to the health sector in the same area.The Program estimates that chemica

32、l sales worldwide will increase by around three percent a year until 2050. Chemical production is moving quickly from developed to developing countries. By 2020, chemical production is expected to increase by 40 percent in Africa and the Middle East and 33 percent in Latin America. One of its bigges

33、t concerns is pollution of rivers and lakes by pesticides and fertilizer. Other major concerns are heavy-metal pollution from the production of cement and textiles, and dioxin pollution from mining.The U.N. report urges the chemical industry and governments to work together to develop safety policie

34、s. It says preventing harm costs less than fixing it.The purpose of Paragraph 3 is mainly to indicate that .The use of pesticide is wasteful.Africa needs more development aid.Chemicals have a high production cost.Estimated cost of chemicals is inaccurate.Which of the following is NOT a source of dan

35、ger according to the text?Pesticides. B. Fertilizer. C. Heavy-metal. D. Mineral.According to the text what is the main reason for chemicals risks?Poor management of chemicals.Lack of research funds on chemicals.The mass production of cement and textilesContradiction between chemical producers and go

36、vernments.What would be the best title for the text?The truth in Sylvie Lemmet s ments.A UN warning about chemical dangers.The unpredictable future of chemical industry.D. Preventing: much better than curing.DAngry Birds is a video game developed by Finnish puter game developer Rovio Mohile.Inspired

37、 primarily by a sketch of stylized wingless birds,the game was first released for Apple s mobile operating system in December xx.Since then,over 12million copies of the game have been purchased from Apple s App Store.With its fast-growing popularity worldwide, thegame and its characters-angrybirds a

38、nd theirenemy pigs-haveappeared in televion programs throughout theworld.THE Israeli edy A Wonderful country ,one of the nation s most popular TVprograms,satirized（ 諷 刺 ） recent failed Israeli-Palestinianpeace attempts byfeaturing the Angry Birds in peace negotintions with the pigs.Clips of the segm

39、ent（片段）went viral, getting viewers from all around the world.American television hosts Conan O Brien ,Jon Steward ,and Daniel Tosh have refereneed the game in edy sketches for their programs,Conan,The Daily Show,and Dash. O. Someof the game s more famous fans in clude Prime Mi nister David Camer on

40、of UK,who plays the iPad vers ion of thegame,and author Salman Rushdie,who is believed to be “ something of a master at Angry Birds. ”Angry Birds and its characters have also bee n featured in advertiseme nts indiffere ntforms .InMarch 2011,the charactersbega n appeari ng in a series ofadvertisement

41、s for Microsoft s Bing search engine.ln the same year,Nokin producedan advertiseme nt in Aust in, Texas that in cluded the game s characters on a dow ntow nbuildi ng for its new mobile pho ne.Later,a T-Mobile advertiseme nt filmed in Spa in included a real-life mock-up（實物模擬 ）of the game in a city ce

42、nter .Nokin alsoused the game in Malaysia to promote an attempt to set a world record for the largest nu mber of people play ing a sin gle mobile game.Angry Birds has even in spired works of philosophical an alogy（哲學(xué)類比） .Afive-part essay with the title” Angry Birds Yoga（瑜伽）” -How to Eliminate theGre

43、en Pigs in Your Life ” was written by Giridhari Dasar in Brazil ,utilizing the characters and gameplay mecha nics toin terpretvariouscon ceptsof yogaphilosophy.The piece attracted much media attentionfor its unique method ofphilosophical prese ntatio n.What is the purpose of the passage?To expla in

44、how the video game Angry Birds was devised.To in vestigated why Angry Birds has quickly bee well-liked.To in troduce Angry Birds characters in TV programs and advertiseme nts.To report on the spread of Angry Birds in differe nt media around the world .Which of the followi ng is closed in meaning to

45、the word“ viral “ in Paragraph2?appare nt B.popular C.excit ing D.disgust ingAccording to the text, Which of the following persons is good at playing AngryBirds?Salman Bushdie B.Conan O Brien C. Giridhari Dasar D. Daniel ToshWhich of the following is TRUEabout the use of Angry Birds according to the

46、 text?It has been used by UK Prime Minister to expain political issues.lts characters are used in advertisements mainly for Apple s products.It has been developed into a film about the life of a Brazilian yoga master.Its real-life mock-up has appeared in an advertisement for mobile phones.參考答案56 -59

47、 CRAH M -62 DAH ft? - 66 AHAB 67-70結(jié)束*C. work at homeD. conn ect them to libraries2019-2020年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)講義閱讀理解及訓(xùn)練14小試牛刀 閱讀理解Laptop （便攜式）puters are popular all over the world. People use them on trains andairplanes, in airports and hotels. These laptops connect people to their workplace.In the Un ited St

48、ates today, laptops also conn ect stude nts to their classrooms.Westlake College in Virginiawill start a laptop puter program that allows studentsto do schoolwork any where they want. Withi n five years, each of the 1,500 stude nts at the college will receive a laptop. The laptops are part of a$ 10

49、milli on puterprogram at Westlake, a 110-year-old college. The students with laptops will also have access to the Intern et. I n additi on, they will be able to use e-mail to“ speak”with their teachers, their classmates, and their families.However, the most importantpart of the laptop program is tha

50、t stude nts will be able to use puters without going to puter labs. They can work with it at home, in a fast-food restaura nt or un der the treesany where at all!Because of the many cha nges in puter tech no logy, laptop use in higher educati on, such as colleges and uni versities, is workable. As l

51、aptops bee more powerful, they bee more similar to desktop puters .In additi on, the portable puters can connect stude nts to not only the Intern et, but also libraries and other resources. State higher-educationofficials are studyinghow laptops can help students. Stateofficials also are testi ng la

52、ptop programs at other uni versities, too.At Westlake College, more tha n 60 perce nt of the staffs use puters. The laptopswill allow all teachers to use puters in their lessons. As one Westlake teacher said,“Here we are in the middle of Virginia and we re giving students a window on theworld. They

53、can see everyth ing and do everyth ing.”The main purpose of the laptop program is to give each student a laptop to .A. use for their schoolwork B. access the InternetWhy is the word “speak” in the 2nd paragraph in quotation marks?They don t really talk.B. They use the puter language.C. Laptops have

54、speakers.D. None of the above reasons is correct.Which of the following is true about Westlake College?All teachers use puters.B. 1,500 students have laptops.C. It is an old college in America. D. Students there can do everything.A window on the world in the last paragraph means that students can A.

55、 attend lectures on information technology B. travel around the worldC. get information from around the world D. have free laptopsWhat can we infer from the passage?A. The program is successful.The program is not workable.The program is too expensive.We dont know the result yet.5660 AACCD結(jié)束*To Whom

56、It May Concern:On March 5, xx , I bought a Perfect Muffin Kit（松餅粉 ） from your store atMidfield Shopping Center. The cashier who assisted me was George. George was very friendly and told me that the Perfect Muffin Kit would live up to the guarantee on the box: “Perfect Muffins Every Time!”.Unfortunat

57、ely, this product did not live up to what it promised . The muffinsI madewere far from perfect . I followed the directions in the package very carefully First , I removed the bag of mix from the box. Then , I poured it into a bowl. Next,I added the correct amount of water to the mix and stirred it.

58、According to the directions, after stirring the mixture , I added half a cup of dried prapes, nuts , berries, or another favorite ingredient（ 配料 ） . My favorite ingredient happens to be hot sauce （ 沙司 ）. I find that a bit of hot sauce makes pizza and soup taste very delicious. So, continuing to foll

59、ow the directions, I added half a cup of hot sauce to the mix and stirred it. Finally, I poured the mix into muffin tins and baked it in the baker at 350 degrees for exactly 20 minutes.When the muffins finished baking, I was very excited to eat the“Perfect Muffinsas promised on the box. You can imag

60、ine my disappointment when, upon tasting the muffins, I discovered that they were not perfect. These muffins were , in fact , absolutely terrible. Not even my dog was interested in eating these supposedly “ perfect ” muffins.I would appreciate a full refund（ 退款 ） of $3.99 for this product as soon as